Strait connecting the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean that the campaign attempted to force

the strait separating Thrace from Asia that Xerxes crossed on a pontoon bridge.

The target of the Gallipoli campaign?

Answer these questions about the tragic Gallipoli Campaign in World War I. …The Campaign was launched in 1915 to force open this narrow strategic channel in modern-day Turkey.

In 1833 Karl Nesselrode negotiated the Treaty of Hunkiar Iskelesi by which one party to the previous treaty switched its alliance with regard to the location.

The 1936 Montreux Convention allowed a 13-year-old nation to supercede the Treaties of Sevres and Lausanne and remilitarize it.

In 1915 Winston Churchill arranged an attempt by Ian Hamilton to approach the contested site by land from its north.

In 1809 a treaty brokered at this site settled one aspect of the War of the Third Coalition.

The result was a disastrous defeat at what is now called Anzac Cove at the hands of Kemal Ataturk.

Located south of the Gallipoli peninsula this is geographic feature connecting the Aegean Sea with the Sea of Marmara.

Caporetto was a major victory for the Central Powers during this war, which started with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

In one work set during this war, the surgeon Rinaldi introduces the main character to the nurse Catherine Barkley.

Hell, we just got here." The pigeon Cher Ami [[SHEHR ah-MEE]] helped save the Lost Battalion in this war during the Battle of the Argonne Forest.

During this war, a mysterious explosion that was suspected to be sabotage occurred at Black Tom Island.

The Four Minute Men, working for George Creel’s Committee on Public Information, spread propaganda supporting this war.

A.J.P Taylor argued in War by Timetable that this war’s outbreak was inevitable once German mobilization began.

A major and rare success for one country in this war was the Brusilov Offensive, which targeted Galicia.

Barbara Tuchman wrote a Pulitzer Prize-winning historiography of this war titled The Guns of August.

War that was sparked by his assassination in 1914.

Alexander Samsonov killed himself after losing the entire Second Army in this war, during which Russia suffered losses at the Masurian Lakes and Tannenberg.

A document detailing a proposed German-Mexican alliance, the Zimmerman Telegram, was intercepted during this war.

At the peace negotiations for this war, Woodrow Wilson presented his 14 points. name this war that was ended by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.

The Treaty of Brest- Litovsk withdrew Russia from this war whose devastation led to widespread popular support for the February Revolution.

war ended by the Treaty of Versailles.

The United States joined this war due to the sinking of the Lusitania and the unrestricted submarine warfare carried out by Germany.

A discussion of the Little Ice Age opens another book by this historian that covers the “Calamitous 14th Century.” This historian is best known for a 1962 work whose “Outbreak” section details Franz Ferdinand’s assassination. name this female historian who wrote A Distant Mirror and The Guns of August.

This historian described the “calamitous” fourteenth century in her book A Distant Mirror. :Name this historian who described the military escalations of the July Crisis in The Guns of August.

Another work by this author examines the events of the “calamitous 14th century” through the lens of Enguerrand VII de Coucy.

This author coined a law stating that reporting of deplorable events increased the apparent extent by five to tenfold, which was stated at the start of the book focusing on Anne Bradstreet.

A work by this author details Helmut von Moltke the Elder’s affinity for reading Victorian romance novels before heading into battle.

A book by this historian that is sometimes titled Sand Against the Wind examines the life of Joseph Stilwell in China.

This historian’s namesake law argues that disaster is far less common than various reports suggest.

This historian wrote about the anti-Semitic newspapers covering Dreyfus in The Proud Tower. She wrote a detailed account of the days leading into World War I in The Guns of August.

This woman drew connections between the 14th and 20th centuries in A Distant Mirror, and described the opening of World War I in The Guns of August.

This author won a Pulitzer for her biography of Joseph Stilwell, though she is better known for her book on the July Crisis. name this author of The Guns of August.

This granddaughter of Henry Morgenthau documented incidents such as the Great Awakening raid.

This popular historian discussed how irredentist feelings towards Alsace-Lorraine and calls for revanche against the Germans intensified the Dreyfus affair in The Proud Tower.

The funeral of Edward VII opens her best known work, which ends by discussing the Battle of the Marne. name this author of The Guns of August.

This American historian wrote the book Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911-45. She is better known for writing about the origins of World War I in The Guns of August.

This historian wrote a book titled for the “first salute” that Hopkins had received. She won her second Pulitzer Prize for Stillwell and the American Experience in China.

British Prime Minister who led Britain during the War and represented Britain at the Paris Peace Conference.

This man advocated for war to protect national honor in his Mansion House Speech, given in response to the Agadir Crisis.

With Rufus Isaacs, this man was accused of speculating on inside knowledge during the Marconi scandal of 1913.

This man mailed letters endorsing members of his coalition during a victorious election, known as the “coupon election.” In one speech this man claimed “a fully- equipped duke costs as much to keep up as two Dreadnoughts.” That sentiment was demonstrated when, as Chancellor of the Exchequer, this man advocated for the passage of increased taxes on the wealthy as part of the People’s Budget.

This man won the “Coupon election” against Andrew Bonar Law, and avoided war with Turkey after an invasion of the Dardanelles in the Chanak Crisis.

This man served as the Minister of Munitions and had a seven year stint as the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

This man was responsible for the National Insurance Act and, as Chancellor of the Exchequer, he pushed for a land tax in the People's Budget.

He introduced the National Insurance Act of 1911, and after succeeding Asquith as Chancellor of the Exchequer, he proposed the People’s Budget of 1909.

Balfour was the Foreign Secretary for this British Prime Minister, who headed Britain for part of World War I and attended the Paris Peace conference. This Welshman was the last Liberal Prime Minister.

Proposed the “People’s Budget” and represented Britain at Versailles in 1919.

With Woodrow Wilson, Vittorio Orlando, and George Clemenceau, this man made up the “Big Four” at the Versailles Peace Talks. name this Welshman that served as the British PM during the second half of World War I.

This man addressed the Shell Crisis during World War I as Minister of Munitions, and he succeeded Lord Kitchener as Secretary of State for War in 1916.

Welsh prime minister who was one of the "big four" at the Versailles peace negotiations.

Churchill served as War Secretary to this prime minister of Welsh descent who made up the Big Three at Versailles with Georges Clemenceau [[kleh-mahn-SOH]] and Woodrow Wilson.

A proposal to levy land taxes on the wealthy was introduced in this man’s "People’s Budget" which was presented the decade before he led his country through a war that included the Battle of Verdun. name this World War One British prime minister, a member of the Big Three at Versailles.

In addition to advocating the Adamson Act and the Keating-Owen Act, this president signed the Glass-Owen Act, creating the Federal Reserve.

This man appointed George Creel to head the Committee on Public Information, a propaganda machine.

He ran for president in 1916 with the slogan “He Kept us Out of War.” :Name this president who resisted the 19th amendment and who entered the United States into World War I.

Under this president, child labor was made illegal by the Keating-Owen Act, which was struck down two years later.

This president initially viewed the "Preparedness Movement" with skepticism and dismissed Cabinet secretary Lindley Garrison for being too supportive.

Before becoming the Governor of New Jersey, this politician served as Princeton University’s president.

This man’s Postmaster General, Albert S. Burleson, spearheaded the segregation of federal offices.

The Fourteen Points speech was given by this twenty-eighth US president. After this president suffered a stroke in his second term, his wife Edith took over many of his responsibilities.

This president screened Birth of a Nation at the White House, making it the first American film to be screened at the White House.

During a political convention, this man outmaneuvered Champ Clark to earn the presidential nomination.

This President was called “a man of high ideals but no principles” by his own Secretary of War Newton Baker.

U.S. president who attended the Treaty of Versailles, forming the Big Three with David Lloyd George and Georges Clemenceau [[cleh-mehn-SOH]].

The United States was led through World War I by this President who proposed his Fourteen Points during negotiations for the Treaty of Versailles.

U.S. president who intervened by occupying Veracruz and led the US during World War I.

During one election, this man used the slogan “he kept us out of war.” William Jennings Bryan resigned as this man’s Secretary of State after his response to the sinking of the Lusitania.

In George Orwell’s proposed preface to Animal Farm, entitled “The Freedom of the Press,” he claimed that the British Communist Party, who had the copyright to this work, published a bowdlerized version of it, with the introduction removed.

Notes for this book's publication were collected on assignment for the periodical The Masses, and its author had previously published a book of poems entitled Sangar: The Mad Recreant Knight of West.

This work begins by discussing accusations levied by the Sisson Documents, which were the subject of a previous study, before the author devotes a chapter to the "Committee for Salvation." The end describes a meeting of the Congress of Peasants, after having documented the fall of the Provisional Government.

Bryant was married to John Reed, who drew from his articles for The Masses to write this book-length account of the Russian Revolution, which wasn’t published until well after Bryant’s.

This book lends its name to the full title of Sergei Eisenstein’s film, October. name this first-hand account of the Bolshevik Revolution by American socialist John Reed.

Archduke of Austria-Hungary who was shot in Sarajevo in 1914.

One participant in this event failed to commit suicide after eating expired cyanide and jumping in a river that was only six inches deep.

The Guns of August's chapter “Outbreak” describes the assassination of this Austrian Archduke by Gavrilo Princip, which led to the start of World War I.

This man was forced to cede his descendants’ right to the throne in order to marry Sophie Chotek.

One participant in this event tried to commit suicide by ingesting expired cyanide and jumping into a river, but the river was only a few inches deep.

Habsburg Archduke, husband of Sophie, whose killing helped spark World War I.

The Balkan Wars increased the Serbian nationalism that led to the assassination of this archduke by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand. His death was the immediate cause for World War I.

Austro-Hungarian Archduke whose assassination by Serbian nationalists kicked off the war.

A false turn by Leopold Lojka [[LOY-kuh]] resulted in this event, which was preceded by a failed attack with a hand grenade.

That ill-fated nephew was this man, whose assassination in Sarajevo precipitated World War I.

One participant in this event failed to kill himself after ingesting expired cyanide and jumping into a river 13 centimeters deep.

People accused of planning this event were tried three years after it occurred in the Salonika Trial, which condemned to death the planner of this event, codenamed Apis.

This event led to the July Ultimatum and was perpetrated by a member of the Black Hand named Gavrilo Princip. name this event, the killing of an Austrian Archduke that is considered to have sparked World War One.

Gavrilo Princip assassinated this archduke whose 1914 death led to an invasion of Serbia and the First World War.

Gavrilo Princip carried out this 1914 assassination that sparked World War One.

Within the first few days of a battle in this city, forces led by Erich von Falkenhayn captured Fort Douaumont.

An 843 AD treaty named for this city split the Carolingian Empire into Francia, Germania, and Lotharingia.

A treaty named after this location formally ended a conflict that included fighting at the Battle of Fontenoy; that treaty dividing power among Lothair, Louis the German, and Charles the Bald.

A rallying cry at this battle, which echoed a similar cry from the 15th century, translated to "we’ll get them." At this battle, Sylvain Raynal’s exhausted troops surrendered Fort Vaux [].

answer the following questions about World War One battles:The attack of this French fortified city in February 1916 was initially a success for Falkenhayn’s German forces. However, the French under Petain mounted a heroic defense of the city, whose only remaining supply line was called the “Sacred Way.”

One battle that occurred in this location saw intense fighting over Hill 304 and constant shelling on the “Sacred Way.” One treaty was signed here as a result of the Oaths of Strasbourg, and split Louis the Pious’ empire.

With Metz and Toul, this location formed the Three Bishoprics, and during the War of the First Coalition, this town fell on September 2nd, 1792 to the Prussians, just weeks before their loss at Valmy.

Marshal Petain declared that “They shall not pass!” in this site of a ten-month long World War I battle.

Longest battle of the war, fought in 1916 over the Meuse Heights.

The bloody nature of this battle led it earn such nicknames like “the Cauldron” and “the Meat- Grinder.” Robert Nivelle used the phrase “they shall not pass” at this battle, where over 4 trucks a minute passed along the “Sacred Way.” Erich von Falkenhayn lost this battle, at which the Second Army was commanded by Philippe P´etain.

Following the dismissal of Langle de Cary, command was taken successively by Charles Mangin, Henri Petain, and Robert Nivelle, who wrenched out a Pyrrhic victory despite the first German use of phosgene gas. name this French city where over eight hundred thousand troops died in 1916.

Auguste Thin chose his country’s unknown soldier on the site of this battle, which was supplied from Bar-le-Duc by the Sacred Way.

General Nivelle issued the order “they shall not pass” during this battle, and General Falkenhyn sought to “bleed France white” in this battle. name this extremely bloody 9-month-long battle during World War I at a French fortress town.

This battle was conceived as an effort to “bleed” a certain country “white,” and the defenders at this battle were resupplied by a route called “the sacred way.” Erich von Falkenhayn [FALL- kun-hine] was dismissed after losing this battle, which made victorious commander Philippe Petain [Pay-TAHN] a national hero. name this months-long 1916 battle for a town in northeast France.

We will get them,” while Robert Nivelle declared here, “they shall not pass.” name this 1916 battle at a French fortress town which made Phillipe P´etain temporarily a hero.

This artist depicted a line of men clutching one another as they stumble forward after a chemical attack in Gassed!.

Earlier, this artist included two guitars hanging on the wall of a room in which a gypsy dances El Jaleo [hah-LAY-oh].

He is also known for intimate portraits, such as one of two girls hanging paper lanterns.

When commissioned as a war artist, this man painted wounded soldiers walking to a dressing station.

He painted an American president resting his hand on a stair railing in his Portrait of Theodore Roosevelt.

This artist created an image of a subject resting his hand on a bannister in the White House, the official presidential portrait of Theodore Roosevelt.

This painter of El Jaleo [ha-lay-oh] caused controversy with his depiction of Virginie Gautreau wearing a revealing black dress. name this American painter of the Portrait of Madame X.

This American artist caused a scandal at the 1884 Salon de Paris with his Portrait of Madame X.

who is this man, considered the leading portrait painter of his era?

During this ruler’s coronation, a stampede led to the death of over a thousand people in the Khodynka Field tragedy.

The forces of this ruler violently cracked down on a demonstration led by Father Gapon, leading to Bloody Sunday.

Due to fear that there was not enough beer and pretzels, a stampede killed over one thousand people during this ruler’s coronation feast.

On the advice of Sergei Witte, this man curbed his own power in the October Manifesto to appease the people.

Sergei Witte advised this man to enact legal reforms in order to stay in power, even though this man’s popularity had plummeted when his soldiers fired on father Georgy Gapon’s protesters on Bloody Sunday.

A human stampede occurred during this ruler’s coronation at the Khodynka fields.

As a child, this ruler was attacked by Tsuda Sanzo in the Otsu incident.

This man’s daughter Anastasia was rumored for decades to have survived the execution of her family at Yekaterinburg.

This man was advised to promise social reforms in the October Manifesto by Sergei Witte.

What Tsar of Russia sent a series of telegrams to his cousin, Kaiser Wilhelm II, affectionately dubbed "Nicky," in a half-hearted attempt to avert World War One?

After being relocated to Yekaterinburg, this man and his family were executed although rumors that his daughter Anastasia survived persisted for decades.

This ruler was executed in Yekaterinburg with his family to prevent them from falling into the hands of the White Army.

The 1917 October Revolution caused the resignation of this final Romanov ruler, the last Tsar of Russia.

This tsar oversaw the mishandling of the Russo-Japanese War and World War One. name this Russian tsar who was deposed in the February Revolution and killed by the Bolsheviks.

The February Revolution ousted this final Tsar of Russia.

These weapons were banned in the Geneva Convention.

An inventor of these types of weapons learned his wife Clara Immerwahr had killed herself after he returned from watching their first use.

A “Framework for the Elimination” of these objects was established after several hundred people died in Ghouta, and they were utilized in a 1988 massacre in Halabja ordered by Saddam Hussein to eliminate the Kurdish population.

Hugo Stolzenberg supplied weapons of this type for use in Spain's conflict with Abd el-Krim during the Third Rif War.

The 1899 Hague Convention regulated this technology which was illicitly used by Spain during the Third Rif War.

The Second Battle of Ypres [“EEP-ruh”] saw the first mass use of a type of this technology.

In the 1930s, the company IG Farben developed a new weapon of this type codenamed GA.

Fritz Haber helped to develop this type of technology that was first used by Germany at the 2nd Battle of Ypres [[EE-pruh]].

The Second Battle of Ypres is where the Germans first used this kind of weapon. Fritz Haber is considered the father of this kind of weapon.

The 2013 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the Organization for the Prohibition of these things, which were confirmed to have been used to kill civilians in Damascus during the Syrian civil war. identify this type of munitions, which include sarin and mustard gas and have been banned along with biological weapons.

Some of these types of weapons make use of blister agents and were dispersed through the wind. name this type of weapon that might choke soldiers in trenches not wearing masks.

During the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Italy broke the Geneva Convention by using this weapon against Ethiopians. Another use of this weapon in a colonial conflict was against the Berbers during the Rif War.

Fritz Haber is considered to be the father of this deadly weapons, examples of which are Agent Orange and mustard gas.

The United States used weapons of this type such as Agent Orange during the Vietnam War. name these weapons that include products made from chlorine.

Sarin is a type of this technology that was used by Japanese terrorists in a 1995 attack on the Tokyo subway.

Holiday held on April 25th to commemorate a pair of national forces that fought at Gallipoli.

This holiday commemorates an event that saw fighting at locations such as “Baby 700” and “400 Plateau,” by forces led by William Birdwood.

Traditions during this holiday include a “gunfire breakfast” of coffee and rum, as well as an annual soccer match between Essendon and Collingwood.

Oceanic troops who fought, particularly at Gallipoli, are remembered on April 25.

This holiday’s origin lies in a World War I campaign sponsored by Winston Churchill, which ultimately failed to defeat Ottoman forces at Gallipoli. name this day of remembrance that commemorates past military servicemen in Australia and New Zealand.

In a book focusing on this event, Rosa Luxembourg described it as a “complete failure.” John Reed’s reporting on this event provided the basis for his book Ten Days that Shook the World.

The beginning of an event during this period was signaled by a blank shot fired from the cruiser Aurora.

This event coincided with the Red Guard of Finland overthrowing the White Senate during the Finnish Civil War.

Kerensky’s government was overthrown in this revolution which saw Lenin’s Bolshevik party seize power.

British military officer Alfred Knox observed the capture of an important building in this event.

A blank was fired by the Aurora during an attack on the Winter Palace during this event, which occurred months after a Provisional Government was established following a similar event in February.

“Peace, Land, and Bread” can sound very appealing, especially to peasants. :That phrase was used as a slogan by the Bolsheviks in this 1917 revolution that put them in power. It took place in the same year as the February Revolution.

This event, preceded by an attempted coup in the Kornilov Affair, involved participants shouting "Peace, Land, Bread." The provisional government of Alexander Kerensky was toppled during this event.

The participants in this event used the slogan "Peace, Land, Bread," and toppled the provisional government of Alexander Kerensky. name this Russian coup led by Trotsky and Lenin late in 1917.

Alexander Kerensky’s cadets in Petrograd failed to hold the Winter Palace near the beginning of this event.

Recorded in Ten Days That Shook the World, this event was motivated in part by a general’s attempted coup in the Kornilov Affair and resulted in a precursor to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

Mostly bloodless, the only military action to occur was the Aurora firing on the Winter Palace.

The Bolsheviks planned this autumn 1917 Russian revolution.

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was negotiated with Germany following this event. name this 1917 event that saw the Provisional Government under Kerensky fall to the Bolsheviks under Vladimir Lenin.

The Kadets, led by Alexander Kerensky, had succeeded in the February Revolution months before this one, and failed to hold the Winter Palace from the advancing forces of the Directorate. name this late-1917 Bolshevik uprising led by Vladimir Lenin.

During his early service, this man captured Datu Amil in the Moro Rebellion and fought with the Buffalo Soldiers of the 10th Cavalry, granting him his nickname.

While deployed to Fort Bliss, this man’s wife and children tragically died in a fire in San Francisco.

Donald Trump claimed this man executed 49 “Muslim terrorists” with bullets dipped in pig’s blood.

This man was appointed to a command after the death of his superior, Frederick Funston.

This man served as Professor of Military Science and Tactics at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln for four years, during which time he formed a highly successful drill team.

In that post, this man placed the 92nd and 93rd Infantry divisions under French command, and this man previously taught the African-American school in Laclede, Missouri.

In 1914, Woodrow Wilson ordered this man to lead the expedition to capture Pancho Villa.Name this General of the Armies, nicknamed "Blackjack."

As a West Point instructor, this man was ridiculed for his time leading the 10th Cavalry, an African American regiment.

Patton first saw combat in an expedition led by this man to capture Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa. This man would later lead US troops during World War I.

Charles Stanton, this man’s personal aide, recorded him as saying “Lafayette, we are here” during a visit to Lafayette’s tomb in Paris.

This man agreed to allow Americans to be placed in foreign control for the first time when he worked with Australia at the Battle of the Hamel.

After an attack on the town of Columbus, New Mexico, this general was sent to lead the Punitive Expedition to capture Pancho Villa.

General nicknamed who commanded the American Expeditionary Force during World War One.

Along with George Washington, this man is the only holder of the rank “General of the Armies.” name this leader of American troops in World War I.

Future commander of the American Expeditionary Forces in World War One who fought on Kettle Hill R

The Irreconcilables opposed the signing of this treaty and were supported by Henry Cabot Lodge, who specifically opposed its Article 10.

The provision of this treaty that gave territory in the Shandong Peninsula to Japan sparked the Chinese nationalist movement called the May Fourth Movement.

Faisal delivered a speech in favor of Arab independence at the Paris Peace conference, which culminated in the signing of this Treaty ending World War I.

The diplomats that negotiated this treaty included Lords Sumner and Cunliffe, the “Heavenly Twins.” This treaty included global recognition of the International Opium Convention and the establishment of the Free City of Danzig.

A negotiator of this treaty, Edward House, was recalled from the Council of Ten for taking unsanctioned liberties.

This treaty was followed up in the United States by the Knox-Porter Resolution, and it was vehemently opposed by the “Irreconcilables”.

A requirement to join the League of Nations was the death knell of this 1919 treaty ending World War I that was never ratified by the United States.

Treaty that he helped negotiate at the Paris Peace Conference

As part of this treaty’s Article 231, Germany accepted responsibility for causing World War I. This treaty is named for the palace in which it was signed.

Henry Cabot Lodge led a group of Congressmen who opposed this agreement that was negotiated by the Big Four.

Due to its unfavorability to one side, John Maynard Keynes described this agreement as a “Carthaginian peace”.

One of the negotiators of this treaty joked he was “seated between Jesus Christ and Napoleon.” William Borah, Robert La Follette, and the other “Irreconcilables” were staunchly opposed to this treaty.

Vittorio Orlando, Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd George, and Woodrow Wilson debated this problematic peace treaty that ended World War I for Germany.

Henry Cabot Lodge opposed ratification of, for the points, what treaty which officially ended World War One?

The League of Nations was created in response to this agreement, which built on the Fourteen Points of Woodrow Wilson. name this 1919 treaty ending the First World War.

This leader challenged Paul Déroulède to a duel after Déroulède accused this leader of involvement in the Panama scandal.

This man's links to Cornelius Herz may have cost him re-election when the Panama scandal broke, and while he was in office, he constantly feuded with Raymond Poincaré.

This man joked that his failed assassin should receive firearms training in prison.

One of the "Dreyfusards" who supported Major Dreyfus during his re-trial was this Minister of the Interior and later Prime Minister of France, nicknamed "The Tiger."

This man lived with a bullet between his ribs for the rest of his life after a failed assassination attempt by Emile Cottin.

This world leader controversially relieved Maurice Sarrail from command in one of his first actions as leader.

Name these politicians of the World War I era, :His first premiereship fell in 1909, after which he attacked French defeatism with his newspaper L’Homme libre; he returned to power in 1917 after succeeding Paul Painlevé as premier.

During the Dreyfus affair, this man published Émile Zola's J'Accuse letter on the front of his newspaper, L'Aurore. Name this "Tiger," a French premier who attended the Paris Peace Conference after World War I.

Emile Zola published J’accuse in L’Aurore, a newspaper published by this French politician.

This man’s newspaper L’Aurore [“low-ROAR”] was where Emile Zola’s “J’Accuse” [“jah-KOOZ”] was first published.

This man’s reputation fell after Ferdinand de Lesseps bribed him during the Panama Scandal.

Wet nursing’s persistence in France led this prime minister to give a 15-franc stipend to mothers who nursed their own children. This politician made a failed bid for president one year after codifying the eight-hour workday.

This Prime Minister of France, known as “the Tiger,” led the French delegation at the Paris Peace Conference. His insistence on harsh German reparations made it into the Treaty of Versailles.

Lloyd George was, of course, at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, where he ofen clashed with this French statesman known as the Tiger, who was another member of the Big Four.

Political cartoons often labeled this man as “The Tiger” to highlight his anti-German sentiments.

This man proposed the International Clearing Union to regulate foreign exchange markets during the Bretton Woods Conference.

This man gained fame for attacking the harsh reparations demanded of Germany through the Treaty of Versailles in his book The Economic Consequences of the Peace.

Thismandescribedandnamesatypeofbeautycontestwherethejudgesratebasedonhowtheythink other people will rate.

This philandering husband of dancer Lydia Lopokova, a non- philosopher who discussed philosophy with the Bloomsbury Group, proposed the underlying assumptions that Alvin Hansen used to make the IS/LM model.

This man introduced the ideas of the consumption function while denying that the economy would adapt to give full employment, instead believing in booms and panics.

The Chicago school of economics generally rejects the theories of this British economist, who advocated deficit spending to spur economies out of recessions.

This economist proposed a namesake beauty contest where participants make choices based on how they feel other’s will respond.

This man's wife was the Russian ballerina Lydia Lopokova, and his brother injected radium chloride to fight breast cancer tumors.

The economic philosophies of this British author of The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money were revived in the West after the global financial crisis of 2007-2008.

This man was opposed by the “Heavenly Twins” at the Paris Peace Conference.

This author of A Treatise on Probability was a prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group.

This conscientious objector described how “I work for a government I despise for ends I think criminal” in a letter to his lover Duncan Grant.

This man argued against harsh monetary reparations placed on Germany in the Treaty of Versailles in The Economic Consequences of the Peace.

This author wrote The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. name this English economist who opposed Classical Economics.

This man argued that demands for heavy reparations would cripple Germany's economy in The Economic Consequences of the Peace. name this Cambridge economist whose General Theory argued for government deficit spending during recessions.

An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court used a standard set in this case to argue in favor of the defendant in Abrams v.

Case in which the “clear and present danger” doctrine was created to uphold the conviction of a Socialist antiwar organizer

The precedent established by this case was altered in the case whose dissent introduced the marketplace of ideas, Abrams v.

The standard in this case was limited in Whitney vs. California, which replaced it with the nebulous “bad tendency” standard.

Ohio possibly overturned this case, whose central figure worked with Elizabeth Baer to pass out documents with advice like “Do not submit to intimidation,” trying to obstruct the draft.

Because a standard set in this case was not met, Jacob Abrams lost his Supreme Court case eight months later.

A week after this case was decided, Jacob Frohwerk had his similar conviction upheld as well.

The results of this case were ultimately weakened by the "bad tendency" test introduced in Patterson v.

Fifty years later, this decision was overturned in the case of Brandenburg v.

Elizabeth Baer was originally tried alongside the plaintiff in this case, which paved the way for the ruling in Abrams v.

The defendant in this case was jailed for distributing documents which quoted the 13th Amendment before stating “Do not submit to intimidation.” A standard set by this case was superseded after Brandenburg v.

It arose when the general secretary for the Socialist party challenged his conviction for distributing pamphlets designed to obstruct the draft. what was this 1919 case in which Justice Holmes issued his famous opinion containing the “clear and present danger” test and the analogy to a person yelling fire in a theater?

The metaphor of “shouting fire in a crowded theater” was used in this 1919 Supreme Court case concerning the Espionage Act in which Oliver Wendell Holmes outlined the “clear and present danger” test.

The Rosenbergs were convicted under the Espionage Act, whose constitutionality was upheld by this 1919 Supreme Court case. In his decision on this case, Oliver Wendell Holmes introduced the concept of “clear and present danger” as a limit on First Amendment rights.

The plaintiff in this case violated the Espionage Act by distributing leaflets that stated that “a conscript is little better than a convict.” In the unanimous opinion of this case, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. wrote of a “man falsely shouting fire in a theater.” name this 1919 Supreme Court case which established the “clear and present danger” test.

Man who preceded Stalin as leader of the Soviet Union.

After returning from exile in Switzerland on a sealed train, this man led the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution of 1917. name the first leader of the Soviet Union.

This man was inspired by Nikolai Chernychevsky’s novel of the same name, and argued for a socialist political party in his pamphlet What Is to Be Done?.

This man integrated capitalism into his New Economic Policy to fulfill the promise of “land, peace, and bread” that fueled his support.

This first leader of the U.S.S.R. fittingly wrote the introduction to the second edition of Ten Days That Shook the World.

Answer the following about the name ‘Stalin’. :Josef Stalin succeeded this Bolshevik Leader as the head of the USSR. The city of St. Petersburg was renamed in his honor after his death.

Give these figures from the Revolutionary period in Russia, .This man rode the “sealed train” into Petrograd and wrote the April Theses.

What is to be Done? was written by this man whose New Economic Policy advocated for a state-run free market.

He issued a series of “April Theses” after riding through Germany on a sealed train.

This leader’s writings include Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism, and a work in which he argues for the creation of a vanguard, What is to be Done?

This man condemned the government in his April Theses and began a series of economic reforms called the New Economic Policy.

He composed his revolutionary April Theses on a sealed train from Germany to his homeland. :Name this man who led the October Revolution.

The Provisional Government was overthrown by this Bolshevik leader who led the first Soviet government.

Though he designated Leon Trotsky as his successor, this man was ultimately replaced by Joseph Stalin. name this first leader of the Soviet Union.

Alexander Kerensky’s government was overthrown in the October Revolution by this man’s forces, who defeated the White Army in the resulting civil war. name this leader of the Bolsheviks and founder of the Soviet Union.

This disease failed to hit American Samoa after John Poyer implemented a quarantine.

This event, which may have been sparked by rail transport of the Chinese labor corps in the US, caused encephalitis lethargica and cytokine storms in its victims.

This event particularly affected the Inuit community of Brevig Mission, Alaska which lost 72 of its 80 residents.

Historian Mark Humphries suggested that this event may have begun with the mobilization of Chinese laborers.

Camp Devens in central Massachusetts was the site of the deaths of over 800 soldiers from this illness, and, along with the Boston Navy Yard, was responsible for spreading this pandemic’s second wave. name this deadly global pandemic, which started during World War One.

It is not polio, but some of the notable survivors of this illness were Walt Disney, Mahatma Gandhi, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

Heavy newspaper coverage of an illness experienced by Alfonso XIII [[the thirteenth]] led to the most common name for this event.

Woodrow Wilson nearly died in this event, which was first reported in the United States at Camp Funston in Fort Riley, Kansas.

The common name for this event was coined when King Alfonso XIII (the thirteenth) was affected by it in a country that lacked wartime press censorship.

The outbreak of this disease prompted a children’s song about opening the window to receive a bird named Enza.

This event may have begun in Camp Funston, Kansas, and was exacerbated by a Liberty Loans parade in Philadelphia.

This event, which killed about five percent of the world’s population, was spread across the globe by soldiers near the end of World War I. name this 1918 pandemic, commonly named for an Iberian country that didn’t censor the high death toll.

A Metropolitan Life study found that 3.28% of American industrial workers died during this event, which got its name due to false reporting about its strength in a nation ruled by King Alfonso XIII. 100 million people were killed worldwide by a strain of H1N1 during this pandemic that overlapped with the end of World War One.

Scientists unearthed victims from the Arctic permafrost to create a genomic sequence of the H1N1 virus that caused this pandemic that killed five percent of the world’s population near the end of World War I.

Up to 8% of Tonga’s population died as a result of this global pandemic caused by the H1N1 virus. It is commonly named for the country that first reported it.

Identify these items in Australian history .In 1997, Ted Matthews died, leaving no survivors of this April 1915 World War I battle on a Turkish beach involving Australian and New Zealand troops.

Answer the following about a World War I battle, :This Allied operation aimed to seize the namesake peninsula and capture Istanbul, but failed in part due to von Sanders' defense.

During this campaign’s bloodiest day, an attack on Hill 60 was launched simultaneously with Beauvoir de Lisle’s assault up Scimitar Hill.

In this campaign, William Scurry was able to use weights and water tins to invent a self-firing rifle.

A group of Russian Jewish emigres formed the Zion Mule Corps during this campaign which included the Battle of Scimitar Hill in its August Offensive.

The August Offensive failed during this campaign after attacking forces failed to link up in the heights above Suvla Bay.

This battle led to the sacking of Ian Hamilton after numerous unsuccessful attempts to capture Scimitar Hill during the August Offensive.

Winston Churchill planned this 11-month campaign of World War I in which Ataturk’s Ottomans successfully defended the Dardanelles Strait.

The Zion Mule Corps were used in this campaign to carry water to troops on Cape Helles.

Churchill had to resign as First Lord of the Admiralty after British and Allied forces retreated from a campaign on this Turkish peninsula in World War I.

Australians, along with New Zealanders, belonged to the ANZAC corps that were massacred at this WWI battle. Ataturk commanded troops here.

Failed World War I campaign he organized as First Lord of the Admiralty, in which over 8,000 Australians died.

Winston Churchill resigned as Lord of the Admiralty after this campaign, which resulted in the creation of ANZAC Day.

Australia and New Zealand celebrate their citizens' participation in this campaign as part of (*) ANZAC Day.

Great Britain’s forces were defeated in this World War One attempt to seize the Dardanelles Straits from the Ottoman Empire.

It also saw attempts to capture High Wood during fighting at Bazentin Ridge, as well as an attempt to drive German forces out of Thiepval during an assault on the Mouquet Farm.

The Royal Newfoundland Regiment was nearly wiped out during this battle in which the South African Brigade fought at Delville Wood.

Nearly 20,000 British soldiers died on the first day of this battle, the bloodiest day in British military history.

During the early stages of this battle, Henry Rawlinson led a successful attack on Bazentin Ridge but was unable to capture High Wood.

More than 125,000 British soldiers were killed during this offensive on a namesake French river which lasted from July to November of 1916.

The tank and the “creeping barrage” tactic were first employed during this World War I battle. Douglas Haig suffered over 60,000 casualties on this battle’s first day.

One side in this battle saw almost 20,000 of its troops die on its first day, despite preceding its attack with seven days of bombardment.

Ferdinand Foch and Douglas Haig failed to make significant breakthroughs in the German line during this battle during the winter of 1916.

An explosion at Hawthorne Ridge during this battle was filmed by Geoffrey Malins.

In his book The World Crisis, Winston Churchill described the dismissal of this battle's planners Ferdinand Foch [] and Joseph Joffree.

This battle began with advances upon Albert and Bazentin Ridge. 1.5 million shells were fired in the opening bombardment of this battle.

British losses here earned Douglas Haig the moniker “Butcher of [this battle].” The Mark I Tank was deployed for the first time at this battle.

The Mark I [] Tank was first deployed at this battle, which was launched to relieve pressure from Verdun. name this 1916 World War One battle named for a river in Picardy, France, at which the British sustained 420,000 casualties.

Tanks were first used at this 1916 battle that failed to break the German line along a French river.

Joseph Joffre and Douglas Haig planned this 140-day offensive, which proved to be the largest of the Western front. name this 1916 battle for a namesake French river.

name the following naval battles of World War I:Fought between the British Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet, this inconclusive battle near Denmark was the only major clash of dreadnoughts during the entire war.

David Beatty drew one fleet north during this battle, which resulted in a crossing of the T. The flagship of one side of this battle, the Iron Duke, heavily damaged the SMS Konig.

Sir David Beatty, fighting at this engagement, noted “There seems to be something wrong with our bloody ships today.” :Identify this 1916 battle between the High Seas Fleet of Germany and the Grand Fleet of Great Britain, which occurred in the North Sea.

This was the third naval engagement between steel battleships, after the Battle of the Yellow Sea and the Battle of Tsushima.

During this battle, a number of friendly ships nearly collided with each other in the Windy Corner.

In this battle, David Beatty’s battlecruisers took heavy losses and were forced to withdraw until John Jellicoe’s main fleet arrived.

This battle took place near Horns Reef thanks to Room 40’s success in decoding enemy messages.

In this battle, several ships were destroyed during the Run to the South before a reversal and a Run to the North.

A skirmish between Franz Hipper and David Beatty led to this battle, in which the Indefatigable and Queen Mary were sunk.

This battle resulted in one side returning to their “Fleet in Being” strategy for the rest of a war.

John Jellicoe’s victory over the Germans in the North Sea occurred in this 1916 battle, named for a Danish peninsula.

This battle occurred despite the fleet-in-being strategy of the German High Seas Fleet, which tried to avoid action against the superior British Grand Fleet. name this major 1916 battle, the largest naval battle of World War I.

Reinhard Scheer's forces clashed with those of John Jellicoe at this battle, which was nicknamed the "Clash of the Dreadnoughts." name this World War One naval battle in the North Sea, named for a peninsula that comprises most of Denmark's land.

During this battle, Admiral John Jellicoe achieved a strategic victory but suffered a tactical loss against the High Seas Fleet under Reinhard Scheer [sheer]. name this battle that took place off of the Denmark coast, the largest naval battle of World War I.

This was the largest naval battle in World War I. name this battle that occurred in the North Sea, just of the coast of a namesake peninsula.

The newly formed Sixth Army attacked over the Ourcq River during this battle.

Charles Lanrezac was relieved after his withdrawal from the Battle of Charleroi prior to this battle.

FTP, name this first major battle of World War I, in which German forces were barely turned back from marching on Paris at the namesake river.

Prior to this battle, General Lanrezac was replaced by Franchet d’Esperey in command of the Fifth Army.

This battle began when Joseph Gallieni managed to block orders to evacuate.

This battle was followed by the First Battle of the Aisne.

It ended when the British Expeditionary force, bolstered by the 5th and 6th French Armies, forced a general retreat of all German armies on September 11th. :Identify this first major engagement of World War I which saved Paris from German capture.

Taxi cabs were used to transport troops to the front in this battle.

The Entente victory at this first battle at a namesake river near Paris led to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan and the removal of Helmuth von Moltke the Younger from command.

This battle took place a couple of weeks after the British were defeated at the Battle of the Mons and September 9th saw von Moltke order troops to retreat to the River Aisne during this battle.

That opened a large hole in enemy lines that the British Expeditionary Force attempted to exploit.

The winning side in this battle had turned to fight after a lengthy retreat from the Battle of the Frontiers.

September 1914 battle, a “miracle” for the French that turned the German advance into a stalemate.

The Schlieffen Plan went awry as a result of this battle. name this World War I battle that prevented Germany from conquering Paris and began trench warfare.

Marking a failure of the Schlieffen plan, a second battle of this name was an resulted in an allied victory in 1918.

Henry Cabot Lodge’s Reservations concerned the US’s obligations as part of this body.

Woodrow Wilson heavily promoted this international organization to promote peace that was created after World War I.

Organization proposed in Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points, the predecessor to the United Nations.

Diplomatic body that Wilson’s 14 Points called for after that conflict ended. It was replaced by the UN.

It did nothing in response to the Mukden incident, after which Japan withdrew from this organization.

The fourteenth point was the idea for this international diplomatic organization. The efforts of Henry Cabot Lodge and other “irreconcilables” ensured that the United States never joined this group.

While working for this organization, Enrico Tellini was assassinated, setting off the Corfu (KOR-foo) incident.

The creation of this body was called for in the Fourteen Points of Woodrow Wilson.

This organization was criticized as "very well when sparrows shout, but no good at all when eagles fall out" by Benito Mussolini, who was not stopped frominvading Ethiopia by this group.

This institution, which recused itself from the Corfu Incident, first issued documents promoted by Fridtjof Nansen to aid stateless refugees.

Intergovernmental body and predecessor to the United Nations which was created at Versailles.

The Winter War resulted in the Soviet Union being expelled from this international organization that preceded the United Nations.

The Lodge Reservations were voted down by the Senate shortly before the Treaty of Versailles was voted down, so the US never joined this organization.

Aiming to keep the peace after the First World War, name this predecessor to the United Nations.

Japan left this organization after it invaded Manchuria in 1931, and Henry Cabot Lodge prevented the United States from joining this organization.

A ship disguised as the SS Aud failed to deliver weapons to this event.

Michael Mallin led forces on Saint Stephen’s Green during this event, after which one side’s leaders were executed at Killingham Gaol.

The General Post Office was occupied in this 1916 insurrection that tried to establish an independent Ireland.

One member of the all-female Cumann na mBan [man] that participated in this event, Elizabeth O’Farrell, negotiated the end of this event.

The Aud, a German ship, was intercepted before it could aid participants in this event.

That participant, Patrick Pearse, was part of a group that took over locations such as Boland’s Bakery and Jacob’s Biscuit Factory, though it was centered in the General Post Office.

Attempting to secure German arms for the perpetrators of this event led to the execution of Roger Casement.

James Connolly lead a Citizen Army during this event, where its instigators had their headquarters at the General Post Office.

Patrick Pearse and James Connolly were among those executed in Killingham Gaol [”jail”] for leading this event, which began with the proclamation of an independent republic. name this 1916 uprising centered in Dublin on a certain holiday, which sought Irish independence.

Rebels seized the General Post Office in Dublin during this 1916 rebellion in Ireland that broke out on a Christian holiday.

This event began three days after the arrest of Sir Roger Casement, and was led by Tom Clarke and Patrick Pearse.

Patrick Pearse and James Connolly instigated this conflict after several failed attempts at Home Rule. name this Irish rebellion that occurred in April 1916.

Holiday that names a 1916 Rising led by Patrick Pearse.

At the start of this event, the “Proclamation of the Republic” was read on the front steps of the General Post Office by Patrick Pearse.

Pearse was made President of the Irish Republic during this 1916 revolt, which he led with the founder of the Citizen Army John Connolly.

Karl Radek argued against signing this treaty, arguing that revolutions would soon occur that would render it unnecessary.

This treaty was signed by one side after it received a final death blow in an eleven-day offensive named Operation Fist Punch.

In order to fulfill a promise of “Peace, Land, and Bread,” Leon Trotsky was sent to conclude this treaty. name this treaty that took Russia out of World War I.

The newly-formed Soviet Union negotiated with the Central Powers this treaty that allowed Russia to exit World War One.

One of the parties in this treaty pursued a policy of "no war, no peace" by stalling negotiations.

An initial phase of negotiations for this treaty resulted in one party declaring a policy of “no war, no peace,” but a few months later that party was forced to accept harsher terms.

This treaty stipulated that 25 percent of the output of the Baku oil fields must be given to one side to repay a debt of three million marks.

The Treaty of Rapallo finally annulled this treaty, which failed to set up an independent Ukraine state and ceded the Baltic States to Germany.

This treaty, whose terms were annulled in the Treaty of Rapallo, made the Kars Oblast an Ottoman territory.

This treaty was renounced by the latter Treaty of Rapallo, and it was negotiated between delegations led by Richard von Kuhlmann and Leon Trotsky. name this 1918 treaty which allowed the Soviet Union to exit World War I.

This treaty was later annulled by the Treaty of Rapallo.

Finland was cleared of Russian troops as part of this agreement between Bolshevik Russia and Germany, which withdrew Russia from World War I.

Demands for “peace, land, and bread” fueled one side to accept the harsh terms of this treaty, which included giving control of the Baltic States to Germany. name this 1918 treaty that took Russia out of World War I.

As Commissar of Foreign Affairs, Trotsky negotiated this "shameful" peace treaty, which pulled Russia out of World War One and ceded extensive territory to the German Empire in 1918.

Leon Trotsky accepted this treaty on behalf of the Bolsheviks. name this 1918 treaty that took Russia out of World War I.

This man, who survived a 1919 air crash at Rome-Centocelle airport, used the alias John Hume Ross in an attempt to join the RAF.

This man was captured at Dera’a while serving under the command of Edmund Allenby.

While in Dera’a, this man was captured by the Ottomans and sexually abused.

This man worked under the command of Edmund Allenby in a campaign where this man crossed the Nefud desert and successfully captured Aqaba.

Disillusioned by the Sykes-Picot Agreement, he refused the Order of Bath and served in the Royal Air Force under the name John Hume Ross.

This man's death by road accident in the Dorset countryside in 1935 led neurosurgeon Hugh Cairns to develop the motorcycle helmet. This intelligence officer proved vital in the capture of Aqaba [[AH-kah-bah]] by allied Hejazi [[heh-JAH-zee]] forces.

He shared his quarters with a boy named Dahoum, and declared his love for "S.A.," who may have been another man, in the dedication for his autobiography The Seven Pillars of Wisdom.

This man aided Auda Abu Tayi and Sharif Nasir to take the port city of Aqaba [[AH- kuh-buh]] and worked closely with the future Faisal I of Iraq.

This British officer, liaison in the Arab Revolt against the Ottomans, and author of Seven Pillars of Wisdom nearly died in the 1917 Battle of Aqaba when he accidentally shot his own camel in the head and fell.

This man described his experiences, including his victory at the Battle of Tafileh that earned him a Distinguished Cross, in Seven Pillars of Wisdom.

This British archaeologist and adventurer wrote his Oxford thesis on Crusader castles. This author of Seven Pillars of Wisdom returned to the Middle East during World War I to help with the revolt against the Ottomans.

This author of Seven Pillars of Wisdom, who died in a motorcycle accident, also wrote about their attempt to remain anonymous in the RAF in The Mint.

This man recounted his experiences in the Arab Revolt in the work Seven Pillars of Wisdom. name this British soldier of World War I who fought primarily in the Arabian peninsula.

In 1918, this man captured Damascus from the Ottoman Empire, an event recounted in his autobiographical Seven Pillars of Wisdom. name this British leader of the Arab Revolt during World War I.

name this British officer whose efforts in World War One inspired a film starring Peter O'Toole.

This man signaled his newfound status by changing his last name to include “Novyi.” Enemies of this man accused him of joining the Khlysty sect.

A follower of the priest Iliodor [[ill-YOH-dor]] attempted to assassinate this man by stabbing him in the stomach.

Scotland Yard retiree Richard Cullen claimed to have forensic evidence that this man was shot by Secret British Intelligence agent Oswald Rayner.

This man’s youth was spent with a group rumored to practice orgies and self-flagellation known as the Khlysty (klees-tee).

After being shot another two times and beaten with a blunt object, this man’s corpse was thrown into a distributary of the Neva.

The culprit most likely responsible for this man’s death was Oswald Rayner, who was carrying a Webley .455 revolver.

This man was nearly killed after he was stabbed by a mentally unstable follower of the monk Iliodor.

Mystic healer employed by Tsar Nicholas II to treat his son’s hemophilia.

This man was lured into the Moika Palace on the night of his downfall, and when he drank Felix Yusupov’s cyanide-laced wine without any effect, he was shot three times.

This Russian mystic exerted considerable influence on the family of Tsar Nicholas II before being assassinated by noblemen in 1916.

Khioniya Guseva stabbed this man in the stomach after reading about him in the paper and believing him to be the anti-Christ.

Nicholas II’s wife was obsessed with this Russian mystic who claimed he could heal their son of his hemophilia.

This man had gained royal influence due to his apparent ability to stop the bleeding of Alexei, the hemophiliac heir of the tsar. name this Russian mystic who advised Nicholas II.

This man entered the retinue of the Romanov family for his ability to “cure” Alexei’s hemophilia. name this Siberian mystic of Imperial Russia.

Russian mystic who was drugged, shot, and dumped in a river in 1916.

FTP, identify this man, who in 1917, had a brief role as leader of Russia’s provisional government.

The Women’s Death Battalion supported this man against a 1917 coup by his enemies.

The October Revolution overthrew the provisional government of this moderate that took over after the abdication of Nicholas II.

In his memoir The Catastrophe, this man recounted his final days in power at a palace in Gatchina.

A July 1917 operation named for this man was the last Russian offensive in World War One, commanded by Aleksei Brusilov.

Politician that headed the Provisional Government after the abdication of Nicholas and was overthrown by the Bolsheviks, beginning the October Revolution.