A resident of this city named Joshua Norton issued his own money and declared himself Emperor of the United States.

This city housed the headquarters of the Peoples Temple, and in the 1960s it was the site of Compton’s Cafeteria Riot.

This city's Beyond Shelter anti-drugs program was created by its mayor, Art Agnos, and Lawrence Ferlinghetti co-founded this city's City Lights bookstore.

This city’s mayor, George Moscone, was killed by disgruntled city supervisor Dan White, who used the controversial “Twinkie defense” at his trial.

This city was the site of the 1966 Compton's Cafeteria Riot, which involved members of the Vanguard organization.

Mayor Eugene Schmitz declared martial law in this city after looting in 1906.

The “Albion Hall Group” organized a strike in this city that culminated in Bloody Thursday.

city in which Harvey Milk, self-proclaimed “Mayor of Castro Street”, became America’s first openly gay elected official?

In this city, a community at Haight Ashbury signalled its end with a mock funeral called “The Death of the Hippie.” Dan White murdered this city’s first openly gay public official, Harvey Milk.

Immigrants were often subjected to racial discrimination at this city’s Angel Island facility.

Alcatraz Island is located offshore from what California city, whose other landmarks include the Golden Gate Bridge?

Overcrowding of this city's Haight-Ashbury neighborhood led to the development of the Castro as a gay neighborhood in this city.

George Moscone was a mayor of this city who was assassinated together with Harvey Milk, its first openly gay elected public official.

A large Finnish community used to live in this city's Castro district, and this city was the location of the Summer of Love in its Haight []-Ashbury district. name this city in northern California.

Alcatraz Prison lies in a bay north of this California city that was struck by a 1906 earthquake and fire.

In June of 1943, American servicemen in this city targeted Mexican-American youth wearing the title garb in the Zoot Suit Riots.

In a series of “Water Wars,” Owens Valley farmers attempted to sabotage this city’s namesake aqueduct, which was built by William Mulholland.

The 1964 repeal of the Rumford Fair Housing Act flared tensions in this city, as did Marquette Frye’s arrest for drunk driving a year later, culminating in 34 deaths in a week of rioting in 1965.

Daryl Gates oversaw one organization in this city’s Operation Hammer and collaborated with one city's Rotary Club to create the D.A.R.E Program.

An event in this city was partially fueled by a store owner receiving probation for the murder of Latasha Harlins over the suspected theft of a $1.79 bottle of orange juice.

This city’s police department was led by Daryl Gates, who popularized the use of SWAT teams and resigned in 1992.

The McCone Commission investigated a set of riots in this city that were sparked by the arrest of Marquette Frye.

The only African-American mayor of this city was Tom Bradley, who later lost two gubernatorial elections to George Deukmejian [dook-may-zhun].

This city saw the founding of the modern Pentecostal movement by William J. Seymour in 1906 as host of the Azusa Street Revival.

This city’s police captain William H. Parker compared rioters to “monkeys in the zoo” during a major upheaval that began after the arrest of Marquette Frye.

Clarence Darrow defended the ironworkers J. J. and J. B. McNamara for dynamiting a building in this city owned by Harrison Otis, who bought up land in this city with Harry Chandler.

Returning servicemen assaulted Latinos wearing the titular outfit during this city’s Zoot Suit Riots.

The 1965 Watts Riots struck this city where the beating of Rodney King and acquittal of the policemen responsible led to a 1992 riot.

For the points, identify this city where the Watts and Rodney King Riots were fought by its namesake police department.

In this city, the question “can we all get along?” was asked by Rodney King after he was beat up by police. the 1992 South Central riots took place in what largest city in Southern California?

Country that conquered the islands in 1898 after a war with Spain.

A composer from this nation was inspired by a Henry A. Wallace speech to create Fanfare for the Common Man.

Country that occupied Japan after World War II.

Modern-day Belzoni in this country is near the former center of the "Poverty Point" culture, while the Hopewell Exchange system arose here during the Middle Woodland period.

Japan signed the Convention of Kanagawa with this country, a leader from which would later win the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for brokering the Treaty of Portsmouth.

A standoff between this nation and Germany ended when a cyclone wrecked all the warships in Apia harbor.

This nation’s 1871 military expedition to Korea called Shinmiyangyo [“SHEEN-mee-yang-yo”] was a diplomatic failure.

During a visit to this country, one psychologist stated that his only goal was to “catch sight of a porcupine;” that trip led Sigmund Freud to conclude that this country “was a mistake.” A psychologist from this country developed the ideas of habit, will, and stream of consciousness in his book Principles of Psychology; that man also wrote the book Pragmatism. name this home country of William James, who was a professor at Harvard.

Non-European country that gained the Philippines from that country and controlled it until 1946.

Non-European power which aimed to protect the autonomy of Liberia.

Country that held power over the Philippines until after World War II.

This modern-day country contains Monks Mound, the largest earthen structure found in the prehistoric city of Cahokia.

In a story from this country, a companion of Sourdough Sam bestows the name “Babe” on a massive blue ox that he finds and adopts. name this country that developed folklore about John Henry and Paul Bunyan.

Nixon in China is from this country where many musicians were inspired by the 9/11 terrorist attacks.

The requiem On the Transmigration of Souls was created to honor those killed during an event in this country.

Bull Connor was a notorious city commissioner in this state, where the Stand in the Schoolhouse Door was organized by its Governor George Wallace.

State where the Union Admiral Farragut shouted “damn the torpedoes, full steam ahead!” and captured the port of Mobile.

The civil rights era in this state included the deaths of Denise McNair, Carole Robertson, and two others in the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church.

William Yancey spearheaded a platform named for this state that held that the Federal government could not restrict slavery in territories.

A black man named James Wilson was sentenced to death for stealing $1.95 from a white woman in this state, although Governor “Big Jim” Folsom commuted the sentence.

This state’s aforementioned platform was written by congressman William Yancey.

Gayle ruled against this state’s segregation laws, and the Anniston police looked the other way while the Ku Klux Klan attacked the Freedom Riders in this state.

Four black girls were killed after the 16th Street Baptist Church was bombed by white supremacists in this state’s most populous city.

This state was the site of the “stand in the schoolhouse door” in which black students were prevented from attending its flagship university.

This state’s peonage laws were overturned in a 1911 13th Amendment case, Bailey v. this state.

A ship named for this state was sunk at Cherbourg while under the command of Raphael Semmes and was the subject of a series of claims in which the United States demanded restitution from Great Britain.

Fred Shuttlesworth and James Bevel co-led a campaign in this state that was opposed by Bull Connor's firehoses.

Civil rights marchers were attacked on this state's Edmund Pettus Bridge while walking from Selma to its capital. name this state where racial unrest was centered in Birmingham.

Protestors marched from this state’s city of Selma to a city where Rosa Parks refused to give up a bus seat. name this state where civil rights efforts were organized in its capital of Montgomery.

In this state, Rosa Parks refused to move to the back of a bus leading to a massive boycott. name this state where protesters marched from Selma to Montgomery.

The United States used Agent Orange in this conflict.

One side in this war intensified its involvement after the USS Maddox was attacked during the Gulf of Tonkin incident.

This war’s Strategic Hamlet Program largely failed, and William Calley was convicted of a massacre investigated by Seymour Hersh in this war.

John Paul Vann’s actions during this war are the subject of Neil Sheehan’s A Bright Shining Lie.

Following the invasion of Cambodia, four students protesting this war were fatally shot at Kent State.

Westmoreland was in command of U.S. military operations in this conflict, which escalated after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident in 1964.

The leader of one side in this conflict gave out firearms to Catholic villages as part of the Strategic Hamlet Program.

Operation Rolling Thunder was a long-term air bombardment during this war in Southeast Asia.

This conflict featured the Strategic Hamlet program which aimed to isolate rural communities from the National Liberation Front’s influence.

In 1973, the prize went to Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho, whose work on the Paris Peace Accords helped end this Southeast-Asian conflict.

One ongoing campaign of restricted aerial bombardment in this conflict was known as Operation Rolling Thunder.

Agent Orange was used aggressively in this war, which saw the Siege of Khe Sahn during the Tet Offensive.

Chemical weapons like Agent Orange were used in this Southeast Asian war that ended with Saigon being renamed Ho Chi Minh City.

Lyndon Johnson heightened American involvement in this 1960s and 1970s war in which American troops fought in Southeast Asia.

The Ho Chi Minh trail was bombed in this 20th century war in which the US failed to prevent the Communist takeover of a Southeast Asian nation.

During this war, Arthur Trudeau led members of the 7th Infantry division at a series of battles along Pork Chop Hill.

A “re-education movement” by one side after this war killed over 100,000 suspected collaborators in the Bodo League massacre.

During this war, pressure from the KPA forced one side to abandon Bloody Ridge.

Foreign intervention in this conflict prompted the battles of Outpost Harry and Pork Chop Hill.

In this war, the Wake Island conference was held before one side crossed the Yalu River.

A key strategic region for one side in this war was the Iron Triangle, which was successfully defended at the Battle of Triangle Hill.

The Hangang Bridge was destroyed during this conflict by one side to prevent an offensive, leading to the deaths of over 1,000 refugees.

The United States led UN forces to the 38th parallel in this war fought over an East Asian peninsula that is now divided into North and South countries.

During this war, Operations Killer and Ripper were ordered by Matthew Ridgway.

The MiG Alley was a region heavily contested by fighter planes in this conflict.

In this war, US F-86 Sabres fought over MiG Alley and an intervention by Chinese forces over the Yalu River led to the dismissal of Douglas MacArthur.

This war’s MiG Alley was contested by numerous jet fighters, and during this war, the popular Douglas MacArthur was relieved of command by President Truman.

The 38th parallel was set as a demilitarized zone at the end of this 1950 to 1953 conflict over the namesake Asian peninsula.

A boundary was set at the 38th parallel at the conclusion of this 1950s war fought over control of a namesake Asian peninsula.

United Nations troops were held beyond the Pusan Perimeter in this war during which General MacArthur was replaced in one post.

This president’s domestic welfare policies and so-called “War on Poverty” were collectively known as the Great Society.

The biography The Means of Ascent argues that this politician stole a Senate election from Coke Stevenson by 87 votes, earning him the nickname “landslide”.

During this man’s presidency, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution increased U.S. involvement in one conflict.

Was the President of the United States who did not seek re-election because of the unpopularity of the Vietnam War?

This man narrowly won a primary election with the help of a box of 202 ballots from Jim Wells County written in the same handwriting.

This man, whose “treatment” intimidated opponents by moving uncomfortably close to them, was mentored by Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn.

A namesake Texas law he helped pass allowed this man to win reelection to the US Senate and the Vice Presidency in the same election.

Robert Caro wrote that four-volume biography of what man who took the presidential oath on an airplane?

The Voting Rights Act was signed by this President who created a series of programs called the “Great Society.” name this 36th President of the United States who succeeded the assassinated John F. Kennedy.

This man used a helicopter called the "City Windmill" to take on Coke Stevenson in one race.

To protest the war, some chanted “hey hey, [this president], how many kids did you kill today?” This successor of John F. Kennedy declined to run for reelection in 1968.

The “Daisy” spot promoted the campaign of this incumbent president over Barry Goldwater. This man took over after John F. Kennedy was assassinated.

This president signed the Voting Rights Act and the Social Security Act as part of his Great Society. name this successor to John F. Kennedy.

This man created Medicare and Medicaid as part of his “War on Poverty.” The Great Society was sponsored by, what president who succeeded John F. Kennedy?

President who signed the 1964 Civil Rights Act into law.

This politician paraphrased John Galbraith in a speech by stating “Let us never negotiate out of fear.

In a 2 AM speech at the University of Michigan, this man announced the creation of the Peace Corps.

During one election, fourteen Democratic electors chose to vote for Harry F. Byrd instead of this politician.

U.S. President who inspired the race to the Moon with a 1962 speech at Rice University.

This man asked, “why does Rice play Texas?” to illustrate that “we choose to go to the Moon in this decade” because it is difficult.

He wrote the book Profiles in Courage and was known for commanding PT-109.

Lee Harvey Oswald shot this president in Dallas. The Warren Commission claimed Oswald was this man’s only assassin, but conspiracy theorists claim that a second shooter was present on the Grassy Knoll.

The Whiz Kids were part of his Department of Defense led by Robert McNamara, and his administration executed the unsuccessful Bay of Pigs invasion.

Just prior to his assassination, this president opened a new section of Interstate 95 along the Mason-Dixon line in one of his last public appearances.

Speaking in a Houston football stadium, this man compared one goal to the question "Why does Rice play Texas?" name this man whose 1962 address is often named “We Choose to go to the Moon.”

The youngest person ever elected president was this Massachusetts politician.

This politician claimed that we wish for “not merely peace in our time but peace for all time” in his “A Strategy of Peace” speech, which he gave as the commencement address for American University.

The line “ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country” was spoken by this US president who delivered his inaugural address in 1961.

After defeating Lyndon B. Johnson in the Democratic Primaries, this man asked Johnson to be his Vice President. name this Massachusetts politician who defeated Richard Nixon to win the Election of 1960.

This man declared “we shall pay any price, bear any burden... oppose any foe... to assure the survival of liberty.” This President established a hotline between the Kremlin and Washington D.C. He agreed to remove Jupiter missiles from Turkey while working with Nikita Khrushchev to resolve the Cuban Missile Crisis. identify this Catholic president who was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald.

The Hart-Scott-Rodino Act was passed during the tenure of what president this person who once claimed that "there is no Soviet domination of Eastern Europe".

This politician, who encouraged fiscal responsibility to combat inflation in the Whip Inflation Now campaign, signed the Helsinki Accords to improve relations with communist Europe.

Lynette Fromme and Sara Jane Moore both attempted to assassinate this man over a span of three weeks.

This man denied a federal bailout to Abraham Beame, prompting a newspaper headline where this man told New York City to “drop dead.” Forty-one Marines died in an operation ordered by this President to retake the Mayaguez.

Donald Rumsfeld served as his Chief of Staff.

This president’s press secretary resigned after he issued Proclamation 4311, a decision this man made after considering the case Burdick v.

As part of his attempted political comeback, this man wrote the autobiography A Time to Heal and criticized the incumbent's SALT TWO negotiations before proposing a "co- presidency" with Ronald Reagan.

In The Age of Turbulence, Alan Greenspan lambasted this President for his “Whip Inflation Now” campaign.

Vice President who replaced Spiro Agnew, then became president after the scandal.

Nelson Rockefeller was vice president under this president that pardoned his predecessor Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate Conspiracy.

Which vice president of Richard Nixon later pardoned him during his own two-year presidential term, a deal often dubbed a "corrupt bargain"?

This president was mocked for suggesting carpooling and vegetable gardens to “whip inflation now.” This man promised an end to “our long national nightmare” after his inauguration, but instead angered the public when he controversially pardoned his predecessor.

This president declared “our long national nightmare is over” after taking office in 1974. name this US president who pardoned his predecessor, Richard Nixon.

This man’s decision to pardon his predecessor helped Jimmy Carter win the Election of 1976. name this man who became President after Nixon resigned.

This man, who pledged to "Whip Inflation Now," was targeted by two former Manson Family members in two failed assassination attempts within three weeks after taking office under the terms of the 25th Amendment. name this Michigan native who succeeded to the presidency in 1974 on the resignation of Richard Nixon.

This man was opposed by “Snow White and the six dwarfs” and was nicknamed “Pepsi-Cola kid.” Millard Tydings investigated this man’s claims, which sparked Margaret Chase Smith’s “Declaration of Conscience” speech.

This man’s claims were investigated by the Tydings Committee, which denied them along party lines.

Margaret Chase’s Declaration of Conscience Speech criticized this man, whose speeches were broadcast on See it Now by Edward Murrow.

A famous Herblock cartoon shows a barrel with this man’s name on it resting on paint buckets, with the Republican elephant refusing to stand on it.

During one election, this man touted his war service with the slogan “Congress needs a tail gunner,” helping him defeat Robert M. LaFollette, Jr..

Joseph Welch attacked the “cruelty” of this man, who gave a speech in Wheeling, West Virginia, where he claimed to hold a list of 205 names.

This man replaced Robert M. La Follette, Jr. in the Senate after a primary campaign in which he accused La Follette of war profiteering.

The Tydings Committee investigated this man’s claim, made in a Lincoln Day speech in Wheeling, that he held a list of 205 names of State Department members with questionable loyalties. name this Wisconsin senator known for hunting communists during the Red Scare.

This man and Roy Cohn caused the firings of many gay government employees in the Lavender Scare.

Edward R. Murrow said this man repeatedly crossed the line between investigation and persecution in an episode of See It Now.

This man used the slogan “Congress needs a tail-gunner” to unseat Robert LaFolette as his state’s senator.

The Tydings Committee formed to investigate claims by this man made to the Republican Women’s Club.

In a speech in Wheeling, West Virginia, this man claimed to have a list of 205 names of workers in the State Department. name this Wisconsin senator who started a 1950s witch hunt for hidden Communists.

This man’s notoriety came to an end during a series of hearings on the Army, where Joseph Welch asked him “have you no sense of decency?” name this Wisconsin senator who fueled a 1950’s Red Scare.

During a set of hearings, Joseph Welch asked this man "Have you no sense of decency, sir?” name this US Senator from Wisconsin who led Communist witch hunts in the 1950s.

A speech given in support of this politician advocated "peace through strength." This subject of Ronald Reagan's "A Time for Choosing" claimed that "extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice" in his acceptance speech for the Republican presidential nomination.

In response to the Packard Commission, this man worked with William Flynt Nichols to create a bill that increased the power of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

F. Clifton White led the movement to “draft” this politician, during which time this man led a committee at Suite 3505.

This politician said that “Every good Christian ought to kick” Jerry Falwell in support of Sandra Day O’Connor.

This man wrote The Conscience of a Conservative in 1960, becoming a leading figure of modern conservatism.

This politician was endorsed by the Suite 3505 Committee in an election in which he hammered Nelson Rockefeller’s infidelity to win his party’s nomination.

In The New Yorker interview, this politician said that he had asked his friend Curtis LeMay about UFOs at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.

Nominee who alienated voters by noting “extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice.”

This man's primary campaign against the "Eastern Establishment" was the subject of Phyllis Schlafly's book A Choice Not an Echo.

This man was endorsed at the convention by the “A Time for Choosing” speech, given by Ronald Reagan.

Lost to Lyndon Johnson in a landslide in 1964, he was the Republican and received only 52 electoral votes while Johnson took 486

This politician narrowly defeated Majority Leader Ernest McFarland for one senate seat.

The “Daisy” ad targeted this Arizona Republican who lost in a landslide to Lyndon Johnson in 1964.

This man’s opponent declared that “in your guts, you know” that this man’s “nuts,” and criticized this man’s nuclear policy with the “Daisy” ad. name this conservative Republican who lost in a landslide to Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1964 election.

Succeeded by John McCain after retiring, what five-time senator from Arizona lost in a landslide to Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1964 U.S. presidential election?

The Saturday Night Massacre was caused by this President’s attempt to remove special counsel Eliot Richardson.

What U.S. Vice-President engaged in the "Kitchen Debate" with Nikita Khruschev in 1959?

In 1952, this politician lost to Pat Brown in a California gubernatorial election.

This politician delivered a speech about “a little cocker spaniel dog in a crate” which his daughter named Checkers.

This man was said to have been "embalmed before he even died" by Richard Daley.

In 1950, this politician distributed a “Pink Sheet” attacking the voting record of his opponent, Helen Gahagan Douglas.

This man co-sponsored a bill with Karl Mundt to force members of the Communist Party to enter a government registry.

Vice President under Eisenhower during both of his terms.

Gave the “Checkers” speech following a campaign fund controversy.

The Watergate Scandal affected the presidency of what man this person who resigned in its aftermath.

He claimed that his wife wore a "respectable Republican cloth coat." This man vigorously debated Nikita Khrushchev in the "Kitchen Debate." In a speech, this man said he would not return "a little cocker spaniel" and defended the use of a slush fund. name this man who gave the 1952 "Checkers speech" and who was Vice-President under Dwight Eisenhower.

Despite being a Democrat, Connally served as Secretary of the Treasury for this Republican president, who resigned following the Watergate scandal.

Dwight Eisenhower’s Vice President was this politician who resigned as President after the Watergate scandal.

During a press conference, this President dubiously claimed that “I am not a crook.” name this President who resigned due to the Watergate Scandal.

Former Vice President who participated in the first televised debate with John F. Kennedy.

During an unsuccessful assassination attempt on this president, Leslie Coffelt killed and was killed by Griselio Torresola, a Puerto Rican nationalist.

This president fired his Attorney General, J. Howard McGrath, when McGrath refused to cooperate with a corruption investigation.

Griselio Torresola and Oscar Collazo attempted to assassinate this man to promote Puerto Rican nationalism.

President’s veto was overridden by Congress to pass the union-restricting Taft-Hartley Act?

Blair House, when Puerto Rican assassins tried to kill him?

This man chaired a 1941 committee that investigated war profiteering.

This President signed Executive Order 9981 which desegregated the armed forces.Name this successor to Franklin Roosevelt whose namesake doctrine provided aid to Turkey and Greece.

The Conservative Coalition opposed this architect of a “Fair Deal,” whose veto of the Taft-Hartley Act was overridden by Congress.

As president, this man vetoed the Taft-Hartley Act and desegregated the armed forces.

This U.S. president participated in the later Potsdam Conference. He authorized the use of the atomic bomb against Japan after succeeding FDR.

Puerto Rican nationalists attempted to assassinate this president at Blair House. He won a surprise victory over Thomas Dewey in the 1948 presidential election.

This man attacked the “Do-Nothing” Congress after they overrode his veto of the Taft-Hartley Act, and he desegregated the military with Executive Order 9981.

During the Election of 1948, the Chicago Daily Tribune mistakenly stated that Thomas Dewey defeated this man. name this man who took office after the death of Franklin Roosevelt in 1945.

This man, who desegregated the American armed forces, was the reason the US Presidential Pension was established.

Was re-elected despite an erroneous Chicago Tribune headline?

Who defeated Jimmy Carter to become President?

One speech by this man mourned heroes who had touched “the face of God.” This man gained national prominence with his “A Time for Choosing” speech supporting Barry Goldwater.

This man yelled, “I’m paying for this microphone” when a debate moderator tried to mute him.

Was inaugurated minutes before the end of the Iran hostage crisis.

After an attack on American soldiers at a Berlin nightclub, this man ordered the bombing of air defense networks and barracks in Libya.

In one speech, this man sought to render “nuclear weapons impotent and obsolete.” This politician urged the National Association of Evangelicals to “beware the temptation” to ignore “the aggressive impulses of an evil empire.” Although his staff denied that “evil empire” was a pop culture reference, weeks later, this man announced the Strategic Defense Initiative, which was nicknamed “Star Wars” by the press. name this politician who, when The Empire Strikes Back was released in 1980, was in the midst of his first successful Presidential campaign.

An inaugural address delivered by this U.S. president relates the story of soldier Martin Treptow, who died in World War I. Yellow ribbons were worn to celebrate the inauguration of this president.

This politician rose to national attention with the “A Time for Choosing” speech.

The U.S. President who broke the air traffic controllers’ strike in August 1981?

This President ordered Operation Urgent Fury to unseat Communist leader Maurice Bishop from power.

This man’s press secretary, James Brady, received wounds that contributed to his death 33 years later when, due to his fixation on Jodie Foster, John Hinckley Jr. fired six shots at this man. name this Republican President who was the target of an assassination attempt in 1981.

This man ran a successful advertisement proclaiming it was "morning again in America." name this man who defeated Walter Mondale in 1984 to win re-election as President.

John Hinckley Jr. carried out an assassination attempt on this president who called for Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall.

This man somehow obtained his opponent's briefings with the help of James Baker in an event dubbed "Debategate." This man's Attorney General, Edwin Meese, resigned over the Wedtech bribery scandal, and his Secretary of Defense, Caspar Weinberger, was pardoned for an attempt to siphon money from an Iran arms deal to Nicaraguan Contras. name this Republican president who governed for most of the 1980s.

The Iran-Contra affair tainted the presidency of this former actor who led the United States through much of the 1980s.

This leader argued that "the prospect of domination of the nation's scholars by Federal employment [...] is gravely to be regarded." This man delivered a "message of leave-taking and farewell" that explained "American makers of plowshares could [...] make swords as well" and warned against the military-industrial complex. Name this 20th century President whose advice regarding the defense industry derived from his service as Allied Commander in World War II.

This president’s group of advisers were dubbed “eight millionaires and a plumber’.

This president’s “New Look” policy led to the overthrow of Guatemalan Jacobo Arbenz.

Later, this man ordered the 101st Airborne Division to ensure the integration of Little Rock Central High School.

This President’s doctrine pledged support to Middle Eastern governments, including military support for Camille Chamoun of Lebanon.

During this man's term, Surgeon General Leroy Burney became the first public official to identify the link between cigarettes and cancer.

During this man’s service in Panama, he was mentored by Fox Conner, whom he considered “the ablest man [he] ever knew.” This man prophetically stated that the Vietnam War would “absorb our troops by divisions,” and he alluded to William Jennings Bryan in his “Chance for Peace” speech.

This man signed the interstate highway act and ended the Korean War. name this former Allied commander and president during the 1950's.

During this man’s presidency, the CIA overthrew Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran and Jacobo Arbenz [yuh-KOH-boh ARR-benz] in Guatemala.

Supreme Allied Commander during the battle who later became President of the United States

Board of Education overturned the doctrine of “separate but equal.” This president sent members of 101st Airborne Division to escort the Little Rock Nine. name this president and former World War II Supreme Allied Commander.

That operation was the culmination of this man’s namesake doctrine, penned by John Foster Dulles. name this president of the United States, who previously served as a five-star General of the Army.

John Foster Dulles was Secretary of State under this man whose vice president was Richard Nixon. name this U.S. president for most of the 1950s.

This president compared military spending to theft in a speech given after the death of Stalin, and warned of the danger of the "military-industrial complex" in his farewell address.

The Interstate Highway System was devised and implemented by what US President this person who was inspired by the Autobahn in Germany.

This man hurt his reputation in one election after a Playboy interview in which he confessed to “adultery many times” in his heart.

During his term, this President oversaw the evacuation of Love Canal and the passing of the Superfund law.

This President spoke of the “moral equivalent of war,” and of “a crisis of confidence” in what would later be called the “malaise” speech.

An organization founded by this man led efforts to eradicate Guinea-worm disease without medicine.

1976 Democratic nominee who noted that he had “committed adultery many times in his heart.”

This politician published the autobiography Why Not the Best? shortly before declaring to run in the primary elections.

A 1980 Boston Globe article about this man had the accidental, but humorous, headline “Mush from the Wimp.” The Washington Post created a political cartoon parodying Jaws, creatively named PAWS, to mock this man after he was “attacked” by a swamp rabbit.

This man faced an economy known by a term that means “a combination of stagnation and inflation.” This president’s National Security Advisor, Zbigniew Brzezinski [ZBIG-nyef bruh-ZIN-skee], clashed over foreign policy with his Secretary of State, Cyrus Vance, who pushed for SALT II talks with the USSR.

After signing a treaty with Omar Torrijos, this man agreed to return the Panama Canal.

This president delivered the “malaise” speech during an energy crisis. name this president who lost his re-election bid in 1980, a Georgian peanut farmer.

U.S. President who signed the treaties returning the Panama Canal to Panama.

This President ordered the disastrous Operation Eagle Claw, a failed attempt to end the Iran-Hostage Crisis. name this oft-mocked President who only served one term after being elected in 1976.

This president negotiated with Omar Torrijos to return the canal zone to Panama and mediated peace talks between Egypt’s Anwar Sadat and Israel’s Menachem Begin at Camp David. name this president whose handling of the Iranian Hostage Crisis probably cost him the 1980 election against Ronald Reagan.

This president failed to resolve the Iran Hostage Crisis which may have contributed to his defeat in the 1980 election. name this Democrat who preceded Ronald Reagan.

After his political career, this man became an activist with Habitat for Humanity. name this former President who won the Nobel Prize in 2002.

This influential leader of the Nation of Islam served as mentor to Malcolm X and founded Temple No. 2 in Chicago.

Mentor to Malcolm X who claimed Malcolm “got just what he preached.”

After Wallace Fard Muhammad mysteriously disappeared, this man took over the Nation of Islam and later served as Malcom X’s mentor.

King sent a sympathetic telegram to Malcolm’s widow after Malcolm’s assassination, but did not comment on whether he believed that this leader of the Nation of Islam at the time of the killing was involved in the murder.

Ralph Nader’s book Unsafe at any Speed was primarily about this company’s Corvair model. name this car company founded in Flint, Michigan, which has such brands as Chevrolet.

Alfred Sloan began the practice of positioFning brands of this company to specific socioeconomic demographics.

In 1985, this company purchased Hughes Aircraft and merged it with Delco Electronics.

Erwin Wilson, a former executive of this company who served as secretary of defense, said “what is good for” [this company] “is good for America." The government spent $50 billion to bail out this company in 2009, forcing out CEO Rick Wagoner.

This company, which was co-founded by C.S. Mott and William C. Durant in 1908, survived the 2008 financial crisis by being partly owned by the U.S. government.

In a film primarily about this company, the song “Wouldn’t It Be Nice?” plays as employees are laid off and rats infest a city.

Edward Welburn, the head of Global Design of this company, is the highest-ranking African-American in the automobile industry.

Secretary of Defense Charles Wilson claimed that “what is good for [this company] is good for America”. name this car company based in Flint, Michigan, whose brands include Chevrolet and Cadillac.

A 1937 sit-down strike launched by the UAW was ended when this company came to an agreement with its workers.

Founded in Flint, Michigan, name this American car manufacturer whose brands include Buick and Chevrolet.

In 1953, Charles Erwin Wilson, this company’s president, was named as Secretary of Defense; during the confirmation hearings, Wilson famously claimed that “what’s good for (this company) is good for the country.” This company first surpassed Ford Motor Company in sales in the late 1920s. name this automobile company whose brands include Buick and Chevrolet.

This company convinced a different city’s first African-American mayor to make use of eminent domain for a project termed Factory ZERO, which failed to revive the neighborhood of Poletown.

In Ralph Nader's book Unsafe at Any Speed, he described the dangers in this company’s Corvair product. name this automobile company whose brands include Buick and Chevrolet.

The treasury invested nearly $50 billion in this company through the 2009 TARP program. name this car company that creates the Buick line of vehicles.

William Durant founded this company, who launched a failed campaign to buy out Ford.

This newspaper was the first to publish the complete text of the Watergate tapes.

After winning a national design competition, Howells and Hood designed this newspaper’s neo-Gothic headquarters in 1911.

In 1947, Life magazine stated that this newspaper had “been made into a worldwide symbol of reaction, isolation, and prejudice by a man capable of real hate.” This newspaper championed simplified English spelling reforms, often spelling “although” as “A-L-T-H-O.” Franklin Roosevelt considered shutting down this newspaper after its front page revealed that the U.S. had broken Japan’s naval code.

This newspaper illegally obtained a copy of the Treaty of Versailles and gave it to William Borah to read on the Senate floor, and antagonized the government by announcing in 1942 that Japan’s naval code had been broken.

This company funded a 1929 trans-Arctic flight that ended in disaster when the plane was destroyed by ice and the crew was rescued by Canadians.

This newspaper’s self-description as the “World’s Greatest Newspaper” largely began under the leadership of its isolationist editor Robert McCormick.

This newspaper’s editor funded J. M. Near’s appeal to the Supreme Court, resulting in the court striking down prior restraint in Near v.

A black employee of this company named Roscoe Conkling Simmons advised Warren Harding on matters of race.

A correspondent for this paper, Stanley Johnston, was charged with leaking the fact that the US had cracked the Japanese JN-25 code.

The sports editor for this newspaper, Arch Ward, created the MLB All-Star game.

This newspaper’s mid-20th century conservative leanings were encouraged by editor Robert McCormick, who coined its motto “An American Paper for Americans”.

The acronym WGN, or “World’s Greatest Newspaper”, was coined in honor of this newspaper, whose parent company was briefly renamed to Tronc in 2016. name this Midwestern daily newspaper.

Gallup himself was embarrassed by failing to predict the result of the 1948 election. The most infamous organization to get the results of that election wrong was this newspaper, which ran the headline "Dewey Defeats Truman".

A photograph taken at St. Louis Union Station shows an issue of this newspaper printed on November 3, 1948, when it infamously ran the incorrect headline “Dewey Defeats Truman.” name this newspaper based in Illinois.

In his seminal text on this institution, Richard Neustadt declared that the title concept was “merely the power to persuade.” The growing powers of this institution allowed it to evolve into an “imperial” form according to a 1973 book by Arthur Schlesinger, who also analyzed this position in the “Ages” of some of its holders.

Fred Greenstein described one behind-the-scenes approach to this institution as its “hidden hand” form in a 1982 book.

Jeffrey Tulis analyzed this institution’s transition to public-oriented communication in a 1987 book on its “rhetorical” form.

An early 20th-century holder of this position lauded its agenda-setting opportunities as the “bully pulpit.” name this position held by the occupant of the White House.

This man organized the unsuccessful Albany Movement while serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

While at Mason Temple, this man gave his "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech.

Two years later, Izola Curry nearly killed this man with a letter opener while he was signing copies of his book Strive Toward Freedom.

This man ‟s "I have a dream" speech was delivered during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.This civil rights leader won the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize.

Answer the following about 1968, .In April 1968, this civil rights leader was assassinated while at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis to support striking sanitation workers.

This figure supported a strike of sanitation workers by giving the "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech.

This man drew on the work of Martin Buber in a letter addressed to clergymen who thought he was too radical, which was written while he was imprisoned in Birmingham.

This civil rights activist delivered the 1963 “I Have a Dream” speech during the March on Washington.

This influential leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference wrote his “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” and was assassinated in 1968 by James Earl Ray.

One organizer of the Montgomery bus boycott was this man, who founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference before he was assassinated in Memphis in 1968.

In this man’s final speech, he spoke of “public servants, who happen to be sanitation workers.” This man’s wife was nearly killed by a bomb in 1956 which targeted their Montgomery home. name this Civil Rights leader who was assassinated in 1968 by James Earl Ray.

This figure supposedly plagiarized his doctoral thesis from Boston University on the competing thoughts of theologians Paul Tillich and Henry Wieman.

In one speech, this man articulated the drive “to surpass others, to achieve distinction, to lead the parade,” and called that drive the “drum major instinct.” Shortly before his death, he declared “only the garbagemen have been feeling pain,” and explained, “longevity has its place [...] but it really doesn’t matter with me now, because I’ve been to the mountaintop.” In one speech, he imagined a day when his children will be judged “by the content of their character,” and powerfully repeated “let freedom ring!” name this civil rights leader who declared “I have a dream” at the March on Washington.

This pastor of Atlanta's Ebenezer Baptist Church was assassinated at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis. name this Black Civil Rights activist who delivered the "I Have A Dream" speech.

This author of a “Letter from Birmingham Jail” capped the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom by hoping his “four little children” will be judged “by the content of their character” in a speech given on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. name this African-American civil rights leader who delivered the “I Have a Dream” speech.

Woman refused to give up her seat on a bus, prompting the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

This woman’s rent was paid for by Mike Ilitch, the founder of Little Caesars, from 1992 until her death in 2005.

In 2005, this person became the first woman to lie in honor in the Capitol Rotunda.

This woman first clashed with James Blake after Blake drove off without this woman as she struggled to find her purse.

Edgar Nixon hired this woman as his secretary despite his belief that “women don’t need to be nowhere but in the kitchen.” While working for the NAACP, this woman was sent to investigate the rape of Recy Taylor.

At age 81, this woman was mugged by Joseph Skipper, and, while working as a secretary, this woman investigated Recy Taylor's rape and helped organize a "Committee for Equal Justice" for her benefit.

Following this woman's arrest, Jo Ann Robinson mimeographed 35,000 handbills to start a boycott, and Paul Stephenson was inspired by this woman's actions to do the same in Bristol, England.

This person is best known for an incident similar to one that occurred nine months earlier to Claudette Colvin.

A year-long public transit boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, was sparked by the arrest of this civil rights activist who refused to give up her bus seat to a white person.

This activist supposedly said “My feet are tired” during an event that sparked a year-long boycott in Montgomery. name this civil rights activist who was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a segregated bus.

She had, however, joined the movement in 1943 and was secretary of her local NAACP chapter. name the civil rights activist best known for her refusal to give up her bus seat.

Having declined to follow James F. Blake's orders this woman who refused to get out of her seat on a Montgomery bus.

In 1955, this civil rights activist’s refusal to move to the back of the bus sparked a boycott in Montgomery.

This woman lost her job as a seamstress after sparking an event that challenged segregation laws in Montgomery, Alabama. name this woman arrested for not giving up her set on a bus.

Activist commemorated in Detroit by bus seats reserved with black ribbons.

The "I Have a Dream" speech was delivered at the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which was organized by A. Philip Randolph and this other major Civil Rights leader who was forced to work behind the scenes for most of his career due to his homosexuality.

This man contacted Tom Kahn on the false belief that Kahn added a line to a speech referencing Sherman’s March to the Sea.

This man was called the “uncle” of the civil rights organization Congress of Racial Equality. :Name this civil rights and gay rights activist who planned the 1941 March on Washington Movement with Asa Philip Randolph. This man was once arrested in Pasadena for public indecency.

This person organized an event where the lines "Give us the ballot, and we will no longer have to worry the federal government about our basic rights" were spoken.

This person wrote an essay for Harper’s about the challenges of transitioning from desegregation to full equality titled From Protest to Politics.

This man called for “maximum possible” integration while leading a New York City school boycott.

This Quaker was the head of the AFl-CIO’s A. Philip Randolph Institute.

The March on Washington was organized by Asa Philip Randolph and this activist. This man, the subject of a 2023 film, was accused by Strom Thurmond of being a “Communist, draft-dodger, and homosexual”.

Along with Randolph and A. J. Muste, this man was a chief agitator for the 1941 Fair Employment Act. He organized the 1963 March of Washington but was outcast for his sexuality.

Strom Thurmond entered this man’s arrest record from Pasadena entered into the congressional record.

Strom Thurmond called this man a “communist, draft dodger, and homosexual.” name this civil rights activist who was the primary organizer of the 1963 March on Washington.

The chief organizer of the March on Washington was this SCLC executive, also involved in starting CORE, who kept out of the public spotlight due to his homosexuality and onetime membership in the Communist Party.

Former SNCC chair wrote the 2013 memoir March?

This man became chairman of SNCC [] in 1963, after which James Forman rewrote a speech by this man to read, "We support [the Kennedy civil rights bill] with great reservations.” This man was the first of the Freedom Riders to be attacked while at Rock Hill and accused Julian Bond of using cocaine en route to being elected to the House.

On March 29, 1960, the New York Times published a full-page ad seeking support for Martin Luther King and civil rights in the south called “Heed Their Rising Voices.”The ad was signed by dozens of activists, including this future Chairman of SNCC [“snick”] who was badly beaten on the Edmund Pettus Bridge in 1965. This man served in the House, representing Georgia, until his July 2020 death.

This current Georgia Congressman was another leader of SNCC. He was the first to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma and is the only living speaker from the March on Washington.

This current Representative from Georgia was the youngest to speak during the March on Washington and had originally planned to be more critical of the Kennedy administration.

Freedom Rider and Georgia congressman who helped organize the 1963 March on Washington.

Andrew Young credited this man with bringing him to Atlanta. This late Congressman served over thirty years as a Georgia representative, and worked with Young during the Civil Rights movement, during which this man suffered a head wound on "Bloody Sunday" in Selma.

Kelly argued that the demise of the Alabama Communist Party came from its absorption into the CIO, which was led by a man with this first and last name. A Georgia Representative with this first and last name who died in 2020 was the chairman of SNCC .

This group’s newspaper was the Final Call, and the Italian Muslim Association issued a fatwa against this group because it fails to advocate prayer five times a day.

The documentary The Hate That Hate Produced focused primarily on this group, which established headquarters at Mosque Maryam in 1972.

This movement’s founder spread his teachings door-to-door in Detroit and Chicago, and this organization holds its Saviour’s Day event on that man’s birthday.

Ernest McGee was a member of this movement, which was studied by Louis Lomax’s documentary The Hate That Hate Produced.

Erdmann Doane Beynon studied the founder of this movement, whom the FBI speculated was a “Turkish-born Nazi agent.” A national secretary of this movement caused the death of Maurice Williams in the 1977 Hanafi siege.

The beliefs of this group, collected in the book The Supreme Wisdom, tell of how Yakub created a race of evil people on the island of Patmos.

One member of this group taught his followers about the “Mother Wheel,” an alleged UFO found in the book of Ezekiel.

Elijah Muhammad was a leader of this political and religious movement whose adherents included Malcolm X.

A one-time member of this movement noted that John F. Kennedy’s assassination was a case of “chickens coming home to roost,” then was himself assassinated by members of this movement.

Chicago is also home to the Mosque Maryam, which serves as this movement’s headquarters.

The Beltway sniper attacks, which killed 10 people near Washington, D.C., was carried out by John Allen Muhammad, who was part of this organization. Malcolm X was a member of this organization before he repudiated it in 1964.

At the Audubon Ballroom, a former member of this group who left it after a hajj was assassinated on the orders of Elijah Muhammad.

In 1995, this group planned the Million Man March under Louis Farrakhan. name this African-American religious movement closely tied with the Muslim faith.

Louis Farrakhan currently leads this predominantly African-American religion whose members included the converted Cassius Clay and Malcolm X.

This movement was founded in 1932 by Wallace Fard Muhammad. name this Black religious movement, led after 2010 by Louis Farrakhan.

Unidentified figures in this event include the "Umbrella Man" and "Babushka Lady." During this event, James Tague was struck by concrete debris.

Seven months prior to this event, its perpetrator had attempted a similar action against General Edwin Walker.

A second investigation of this event was chaired by Ramsey Clark.

The perpetrator of this event had been a member of the New Orleans Civil Air Patrol and was the head of the New Orleans' branch of Fair Play for Cuba Committee.

James Tague was wounded as a result of this violent act, and Jim Garrison's investigation into it resulted in the prosecution of Clay Shaw, who was acquitted.

A controversial theory about this event devised by future Senator Arlen Specter was attacked by New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison.

James Tague was the only bystander of this event who was injured, and John Connolly may have been the true primary target of this event.

Governor John Connally was wounded during this event, which was captured on the Zapruder film and took place at Dealey Plaza in front of the Texas School Book Depository. identify this November 1963 event carried out by Lee Harvey Oswald.

John Connally was seriously wounded during this event, which was performed from the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository.

Following this event, policeman J. D. Tippit was killed.

A woman nicknamed the Babushka Lady is visible in a film of this event shot by Abraham Zapruder.

This event was captured on film by Abraham Zapruder.

The Texas Book Depository was used as a vantage point by Lee Harvey Oswald during this event. name this November 22nd, 1963 event in Dallas in which the 35th President was killed.

John Connally was injured in this attack which took place as a motorcade drove through Dealey Plaza.

This event was investigated by the Warren Commission which was aided by the film of Abraham Zapruder.

This Warren Court case was argued by Thurgood Marshall and overruled the "separate, but equal" doctrine of Plessy v.

This Supreme Court case was analogous to the Sweatt v.

Belton was one of the five cases combined into this case that reaffirmed the ruling in Bolling v Sharpe.

Those vouchers were part of Harry Byrd’s plan of “massive resistance” against this Supreme Court ruling, which was decided unanimously.

A follow-up decision to this case ruled that a process should begin “with all deliberate speed.” The final opinion in this case relied heavily on Kenneth and Mamie Clark’s “doll” study, showing the harmful effects a policy had on children. name this first major case of the Warren Court, a 1954 decision declaring public school segregation to be unconstitutional.

This case’s ruling, which was to be implemented with “all deliberate speed,” overturned the doctrine of “separate from equal” from Plessy v.

Elliot, which introduced experiments with children on reactions to different dolls, carried out by Kenneth and Mamie Clark.

Ferguson. name this 1954 case that declared “separate but equal” segregation of public schools unconstitutional.

This case’s second decision was ordered to be carried out with “all deliberate speed.” name this case that ruled against the concept of “separate but equal” in schools.

This man wrote the book The Enemy Within about his efforts fighting the Teamsters in court.

This man sharply criticized the Teamsters Union and Jimmy Hoffa in a book that drew on his work as chief counsel on the McClellan Committee, The Enemy Within.

This person called for "an effort to understand with compassion and love" during an improvised speech, delivered from the back of a pickup truck, after Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated.

From Jameson Hall, this American politician gave the "Day of Affirmation" speech likening the youth struggle of Apartheid to the that of African-Americans in the American South.

Future Attorney General and victim of Sirhan Sirhan who served as an aide for Stevenson on the 1956 presidential campaign.

This man rose to prominence as chief counsel to the Senate Labor Rackets Committee for his questioning of Jimmy Hoffa.

Eugene McCarthy conceded California to this politician shortly before Sirhan Sirhan shot this man in 1968. name this U.S. Attorney General and member of the Kennedy family.

Democratic candidate assassinated after winning the California primary

ESK-uh-liss) quote about "wisdom through the awful grace of God" while standing in the bed of a truck in Indianapolis, where he prevented rioting by announcing the death of Martin Luther King, Jr. He was himself killed two months later at the Ambassador Hotel by Sirhan Sirhan. name this Attorney General in his brother's administration and leading Democratic Presidential candidate prior to his death in 1968.

A partly improvised section of this speech was prompted by a cry from singer Mahalia Jackson.

This speech was interrupted by Mahalia Jackson, after which its speaker made a series of impromptu remarks.

This speech presents a metaphor between an island of poverty and an ocean of prosperity and claims that the government’s promissory note has been returned with an “insufficient funds” stamp.

This speech was preceded by Mahalia Jackson singing “How I Got Over.” This speech, which describes a “bad check” that has been “marked insufficient funds,” uses the phrase “Five score years ago” to refer to the Emancipation Proclamation.

Speech delivered by King during the 1963 March on Washington that ends with a line from the spiritual “Free at last.”

The final section of this speech proclaims “Let freedom ring” in places all across the country, and concludes “Great God a-mighty, We are free at last.” name this speech delivered during a 1963 March on Washington by Martin Luther King, Jr.

This speech, which describes a “sweltering summer” of “legitimate discontent,” gained its name from a section that was partially improvised after Mahalia Jackson shouted “Tell them [...] !” The spiritual refrain “Free at last!” ends this speech, which includes a hope for the speaker’s “four little children.” name this speech given in 1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial by Martin Luther King.

This speech expresses hope that the speaker’s children will be judged by the “content of their character” rather than by the “color of their skin.” name this speech given during the March on Washington by Martin Luther King Jr.

Delivered at the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, name this speech given by Martin Luther King Jr.

Before this event, Walter Fauntroy threatened “Do you want a fight here tomorrow?” after a $16,000 sound system was sabotaged.

This event was called a “circus” in the “Message to the Grassroots.” Strom Thurmond called the organizer of this event “ Communist, a draft dodger, and a homosexual;” that man, Bayard Rustin, worked with Asa Philip Randolph to plan this event.

Prisoners were moved to different prisons before this event because police believed there would be mass arrests.

Senator Olin D. Johnston declined to attend this event, noting “criminal, fanatical, and communist elements” would attend.

A. Philip Randolph and Bayard Rustin organized, what event calling for “Jobs and Freedom” for African-Americans, at which Martin Luther King Jr. gave the “I Have A Dream” speech?

A speech delivered at this location ended with the words, "Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!" and asked "from every mountainside, let freedom ring." name this 1963 event that saw the "I have a Dream" speech.

One speech given at this event declared that “100 years later, the Negro is still not free.” name this massive gathering in the nation’s capital, at which Martin Luther King delivered the “I Have a Dream” speech.

This event centered on a speech about the “table of brotherhood.” name this 1963 demonstration “for jobs and freedom” at which the “I Have a Dream” speech was delivered by Martin Luther King, Jr.

Josephine Baker gave an opening address and the “Queen of Gospel,” Mahalia Jackson, performed at this event.

This politician was selected as Thomas Dewey’s running mate for the Election of 1948, the only election he ever personally lost.

This man increased gas taxes to fund highway construction through the Collier Burns Act as Governor of California, a position he held a record three consecutive terms.

This man wrote the majority opinion for a Supreme Court decision that built on Escobedo v.