A Native American culture named for this river constructed the mounds at Cahokia.

A culture named for this river built the Cahokia Mounds in Illinois. name this river which ends in Louisiana, the longest in the United States.

The ship La Belle intended to reach this river, though it sank at Matagorda Bay.

An attempt to set up a colony at this specific location lost a ship in Matagorda Bay, roughly 400 miles to the southwest; that attempt was led by Robert de La Salle, whose men mutinied and killed him in 1687 while searching for this location.

"Cooking balls" were uncovered near this feature at a site whose semicircular embankments extended out from a central plaza, called Poverty Point.

A memoir titled Life on [this body of water] was written by Mark Twain, who set many of his novels along this waterway. name this long U.S. river, on which Jim and Huckleberry Finn float in a raft.

Nearly 2,000 people died when the Sultana exploded in this river, but John Wilkes Booth died the day before, so the tragedy received shockingly little press coverage.

Monks Mound was built on the eastern banks of this river, which names a civilization that built the city of Cahokia.

The first Europeans to map this river were Louis Jolliet [[zhol- YEH]] and Jacques Marquette, though its first documented crossing by a European was by Hernando de Soto.

Part of the Anaconda Plan was an assault up this river, which David Farragut did between Vicksburg and New Orleans. name this river.

That attempt to build a colony at this river's mouth resulted in a mutiny and the death of the Sieur [] de La Salle.

This river briefly ran backward as the result of a series of earthquakes in New Madrid.

Many downriver parishes in Louisiana were destroyed during the 1927 "Great Flood" of, what major U.S. river that enters the Gulf of Mexico near New Orleans?

Hernando de Soto was the first European to cross this river.

A control structure was built to reduce its flow into the Atchafalaya River. name this American river whose source was identified in 1832 as Minnesota’s Lake Itasca, from which it flows to the Gulf of Mexico.

Epidemics of smallpox and cocoliztli are major complications in trying to estimate the early modern population of this broad region. :Name this region whose history is divided into “pre-Columbian” and “Columbian” eras, which likely had 90 to 95 percent of its population killed by smallpox. The earliest estimates of this two-continent region’s pre-contact population hovered around 2 million.

The Kelp Highway Hypothesis attempts to explain the pre-Clovis sites in this region.

The exploration of this region is the subject of the Solutrean hypothesis.

Martin Waldseemüller (VALHD-see-moo-lur) was the first cartographer to use this word in maps as the name of a landmass, following explorations by a 15th-century Florentine merchant.

A questionable book by Gavin Menzies claims this region was first visited by the Chinese.

The population of this region is widely believed to have occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum using the Bering Land Bridge. name this region that was long said to have been discovered by Christopher Columbus.

The settlement of Vinland by Leif Erikson is generally accepted to have occurred in this region.

Gaspar Gorricio helped this man compile the Book of Prophecies.

Alfred Crosby outlined a form of biological diffusion started by this person.

An opera about this man written on the 400th anniversary of his most famous undertaking was composed by Alberto Franchetti and premiered in the Teatro de Felice in this man's birthplace.

In 2000, Carl A. Anderson was elected leader of an organization named for this man and founded by Michael McGivney.

Italian explorer landed in the Caribbean in 1492?

Abandoned the Santa Maria on Christmas Day, 1492, after it ran aground during his first voyage?

This man was granted royal titles and a tenth of the riches he discovered in the Capitulations of Santa Fe.

This subject of the Capitulations of Santa Fe was replaced by Francisco de Bobadilla as governor of the Indies.

Discovered the New World in 1492?

led an expedition to the new world on the Santa Maria.

A Paul Claudel play inspired the libretto of another opera about this man that was composed by Darius Milhaud.

This man forced the Taino to pay him tribute after colonizing their home, which was later named Hispaniola. name this Italian explorer whose voyages, funded by Ferdinand and Isabella, led to Spanish colonization in the New World.

This native of Genoa was denied any funds by Henry the Navigator of Portugal, but he was given the ships Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria by Spain. identify this explorer who was funded by Isabella I and Ferdinand II and discovered the New World.

Ferdinand and Isabella sponsored the voyage of this Genoese explorer who first sailed to America aboard the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria in 1492.

This man used Zacuto's charts to predict a February 1504 eclipse in Jamaica. :Name this Genoese explorer who left Spain for the New World in 1492.

This Englishman sponsored the Roanoke Colony, though he never actually sailed there.

This man led an expedition up the Orinoco River, which he described in his book The Discoverie of Guiana.

Christopher Marlowe was a member of this figure's counter-cultural circle known as the "School of Atheism." This Governor of Jersey was tried and imprisoned in the Tower of London for his involvement in the Main Plot, an attempt to depose James Stuart.

Roanoke was founded by this explorer and friend of Queen Elizabeth who had lead expeditions up the Orinoco river in search of El Dorado.

While on his quest to find the city of El Dorado, what explorer possibly became the first European to view Angel Falls?

This man failed to heed a pardon for trying to overthrow King James I in the Main Plot, which later cost him his life.

Thomas Harriot explored the New World on behalf of this patron, who hired him as a tutor and accountant.

Earlier this English statesman founded the failed colony of Roanoke.

This English gentleman financed the Roanoke Colony, but never visited North America, although he went looking for El Dorado in South America. This onetime favorite of Queen Elizabeth popularized tobacco in England.

This half-brother of Sir Humphrey Gilbert gained the charter and financed the Roanoke Colony. He’s the namesake of the capital of North Carolina.

Harriot and this man discussed the cannonball problem, whose solution states that the only perfect square integers that can represent the number of cannonballs stacked in a square pyramid are 1 and 4900.

In 1595, this Englishman searched for El Dorado in Guiana, having left on the pretense of trying to find the lost colonists.

The word "Croatoan" was etched in a tree near the lost colony of Roanoke, which was founded by this man. name this Elizabethannoble who is the namesake of the capital of North Carolina.

After returning from a second expedition to find El Dorado, this man was executed for plotting to overthrow James I. His favor in the royal court soured following his marriage to Elizabeth Throckmorton. name this British explorer who sponsored the settlement of the Lost Colony of Roanoke in the state whose capital bears his name.

James threw this man into the Tower of London after the “Main Plot” by English Catholics to overthrow him failed. This favorite of Queen Elizabeth founded an unsuccessful colony at Roanoke.

Conquistador, the first European to cross the Mississippi, who spent time in the Chiaha village.

On one voyage, this explorer stumbled upon a lost member of the Narvaez expedition named Juan Ortiz, who became this man’s translator.

This explorer’s most famous action is thought to have occurred in the town of Sunflower Landing in 1541 and allowed him to reach areas like Arkansas and Texas. name this Spanish explorer who was the first to Mississippi River.

John Swanton was put in charge of a committee that researched this man's route 400 years after the fact, attempting to settle the question of where he went after the Battle of Mabila.

Following his demise, about 300 of his followers successfully arrived at modern-day Veracruz after creating makeshift pinnances to sail down a river.

During this man’s expedition, he gave the name Esp´ıritu Santo to an area south of modern Tampa and released the ancestors of modern razorbacks into the wild.

This man's expedition reported on the mysterious Quigualtam [[kwee-GWAHL- tahm]] culture, which has not been conclusively identified.

explorer who arrived in Florida before becoming the first European to cross the Mississippi River?

This explorer became the first Spaniard to explore Georgia and Florida.

Early in his career an aide in Darien, he was soon named governor of Cuba and Florida, and was joined by Juan Ortiz and his aide Luis de Moscoso in the first European expedition to see the Mississippi River.

Razorbacks, a form of wild pig, were brought to present-day United States by this explorer who served as captain of the horse in Francisco Pizarro's conquest of Peru. This conquistador died while cavorting around Louisiana in search of gold in 1542.

While the route he took is under debate, this man was the first European to cross the Mississippi River, on whose banks he would perish due to fever.

While serving as Governor of Cuba, this man launched an expedition based on the stories of Cabeza de Vaca. This man befriended Atahualpa while serving under Francisco Pizarro.

This explorer’s forces were the first westerners to encounter the Mississippian culture. name this Spanish explorer whose expedition was the first to cross the Mississippi.

This man served as a captain under Pizarro during the Incan conquest. This first European to sight the Mississippi is perhaps lesser-known as Atahualpa’s chess instructor.

A burial site in this city contains the body of a man on a bed of 20,000 decorative beads arranged in the shape of a falcon.

A circular wooden “henge” once sat on what is now a burial site south of this city; that site contained the grave of a man who was buried atop beads arranged to resemble a falcon.

The Wulfing Cache artifacts may have originated at a site in this city that housed several workshops specializing in copper pieces.

The largest mound, Monks Mound, was built in this prehistoric city in Illinois. Inhabitants of this city on the Mississippi river played the game chunkey.

While building an Interstate Highway, Warren Wittry discovered a series of timber circles near this site, now dubbed "Woodhenge." The terraced Monks Mound was likely this city's center, and is named for its occupation by Cistercian monks after European colonization.

A copper workshop at this site was rediscovered in 1998, decades after their study by Gregory Perino. It's not in Britain, but this site contains an arrangement of wooden poles used to mark the sun's movements termed Woodhenge.

A supposedly important individual was found buried here on top of a platform made of thousands of beads; that corpse was found in this site's Mound 72.

The largest of the mounds at this location is Monks Mound. what site in southern Illinois was the greatest city in the Mississippian culture?

A so-called “woodhenge” located west of Monks Mound has been found at this ancient Mississippian site where the sport of chunkey likely originated.

Home to Monk’s Mound, name this center of the Mississippian culture and the only Pre-Columbian city north of Mexico.

Once the largest indigenous city north of Mexico, what is this Mississippian culture archaeological site across the river from St. Louis?

Earthworks are the signature features of this other Pre-Columbian settlement and UNESCO World Heritage site. This city dominated the Late Woodland Period and was home to Woodhenge.

Birdman artifacts typical of this city’s Mississippian culture have been found in excavations of this city’s Mound 72. name this pre-Columbian city in modern Illinois, east of St Louis.

A series of timber circles is known as this city’s “Woodhenge.” This city’s largest structure is called Monk’s Mound, and it was the center of the Mississippian culture. name this mound complex near modern St. Louis, perhaps the largest pre-Columbian settlement in North America.

Monks Mound is one of the many remaining mounds at this site, which was once the center of the Mississippian culture. This site lies just east of modern St. Louis.

Athabaskan migratory people such as the Navajo and Apache called these people the "Ancient Enemies" due to frequent clashes for land and resources.

Christy Turner’s controversial study asserted that this culture practiced ritual cannibalism, citing evidence of “pot polishing” from Cowboy Wash.

A sub-group of these people named the Hohokam built the largest canal system in North America to provide water to settlements like Snaketown.

In 1929, these people’s site of Scorpion Hill was discovered by Bertha “Birdie” Parker, who is widely considered to be the first female Native American archaeologist. :Name these people whose early divisions are called Basketmaker eras in Alfred Kidder’s Pecos Classification. These people used core-and-veneer masonry at sites like Casa Rinconada in the San Juan Basin.

The people of this culture migrated away from Chaco Canyon during prolonged periods of drought in the 12th and 13th centuries. :Name this ancient culture that inhabited the Four Corners region of the American Southwest, and who are also known for their cliff dwelling buildings. Those buildings of this culture often had rooms called kivas for ceremonial purposes.

The history of these peoples date from the Basket Maker period (A.D. 100 to 500) up to the present Modern Pueblo era. For fifteen points, name this civilization of Native Americans living near the Four Corners of Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado, whose name is “Ancient Ones” in Navajo.

An exonym for these people provides the name for carved moki steps that can be found around Lake Powell. :Name these people who used core-and-veneer walls to build "great houses" in the San Juan Basin. These people's pithouses evolved into modern-day kivas.

These people, whose name comes from the Spanish for "village," built adobe brick homes at sites in Chaco Canyon.

ruins from what pre-Pueblo people in Mesa Verde National Park?

A well-studied site of this culture has a name meaning “beautiful town” and contains two “great” kivas. identify this culture, the ancestor to modern peoples like the Hopi and Zuni, which is named after the Spanish for “village.”

It’s not on Easter Island, but Jared Diamond’s Collapse recounts how this culture may have left during a “Great Drought” in the 1200sfor Mesa Verde.

Modern groups in the U.S.’s southwest may be linked to this culture due to its houses centering on kiva rooms. name this culture that built massive structures in a New Mexico canyon.

A likely depiction of a supernova visible in 1054 AD is found near this culture’s “White Bluff” settlement.

The term Anasazi once referred to this Native American culture of the American Southwest which includes the Zuni and Hopi.

These people, also known as the Ancient Pueblos, lived in cliff-dwellings, such as Mesa Verde and Canyon de Chelly. Their common name is Navajo for "ancient enemy".

This civilization’s artifacts and culture are connected by the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex.

A force from this civilization destroyed the Spanish settlement of Cuenca that was founded by Juan Pardo in 1567.

The long-nosed god was a common motif in maskettes from this civilization that were often made from lightning whelk shells.

The art of these people prominently features falcon warriors in a non-Chilean Birdman cult that formed part of a “Ceremonial Complex.” These people were succeeded by the Woodland culture, and they succeeded the Hopewell people.

In order to mark the passing of solstices, these people built a timber circle that archaeologists dubbed Woodhenge.

Members of this civilization played a ball game called “chunkey,” part of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex.

Thiscivilization’sParkinsitemayhavebeenthecityofCasquithatwasdescribedbyvisitingforeigners.

Culture which lived in the Mountains and built mound cities like Cahokia.

The mounds at both Cahokia and Etowah were built by this culture, named for a large North American river.

It was not based on Easter Island, but copper plates from this civilization depict a figure known as the birdman.

Frost-resistant maize supported this Woodland Period civilization’s extensive monuments, like the Woodhenge and Monks Mound. the city of Cahokia was likely a pilgrimage center for what civilization named for an American river?

Tribes that were a part of this civilization created dozens of raised earth mounds at Moundville and Cahokia. name this civilization named for the long river whose run approximately traces its scope.

These people erected a series of cedar posts dubbed Woodhenge and constructed an earthen pyramid at Cahokia. name this pre-Columbian Native American culture that inhabited land around a namesake river.

These people constructed the pyramidal Monks Mound at an urban center near modern St. Louis. name this Pre-Columbian Native American civilization that inhabited the Cahokia site by a namesake river.

The Cahokia mounds were built by this culture, which also built the Angel Mounds in Indiana and Moundville in Alabama. It is named for a river whose tributaries include the Ohio and Missouri.

LANS-oh Meadows) site as a settlement in what he called Vinland. name this Viking, the first European to make landfall in North America.

This founder of a settlement at Vinland was the first European to reach America, doing so before Columbus.

Olaf Tryggvason [[TRIG-vah-sun]] converted this man who is considered by some to be the first Christian missionary to the Americas, although his encounters with the skraelingi [[skray-LING-ee]] were unsuccessful.

This man converted his mother to Christianity, leading his mother to refuse to sleep with this man’s father if he didn’t convert as well.

This explorer encountered the Skraelings [[SKRAY-lings]], who killed his brother Thorvald in a skirmish outside of L'Anse aux Meadows [[LAHN see MEH-doh]].

The tale of the lost merchant Bjarni Herjólfsson [[BYAR-nee hare-YOHLF-son]] inspired this man to travel west.

After converting to Christianity, this man was sent by King Olaf Tryggvason to spread the faith to Greenland.

The region of Vinland was discovered by this Norse explorer and son of Erik the Red.

Explorer who established a Viking settlement, possibly in Newfoundland, around 1000 AD.

This man, sometimes known as “the lucky,” had multiple conflicts with people called Skraelings.

This one-time hirdman under King Olaf earned the epithet "the Lucky" for rescuing a shipwrecked crew.

Norseman who founded Vinland in North America well before Columbus’ voyages.

This man may have founded L'anse aux Meadows [[lants-oh-meh-DOH]] in modern Newfoundland. identify this Norse explorer, likely the first European in North America.

In 2000, Gunnar Eggertsson used the replica ship Islendingur to repeat a journey made by this man, a thousand years after this man established the settlement of L’Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland. name this son of a man called “the Red,” a Viking explorer.

Iceland was the birthplace of this son of Erik the Red, who led the first Viking expedition to North America.

The Adena built a large example of these structures at Grave Creek.

One of these structures named for its resemblance to a serpent is located near an impact crater in Ohio.

Charles McIlvane orchestrated a hoax that some of these structures contained the “Newark Holy Stones.” The oldest of these structures may be those at Watson Brake.

In one of these structures, the central object was surrounded by 20,000 marine-shell disc beads in the shape of a falcon.

The Ho-Chunk people are the primary visitors to the “effigy” types of these structures, Dwhich are built in the shape of stylized animals.

One complex of these things is Watson Brake, a man-made structure in modern-day Louisiana that predates the pyramids, and pre-nineteenth-century theories erroneously identified their creators with Vikings or the Ten Tribes of Israel. :Name these large-scale ceremonial architectures that provide a collective term for the pre-Columbian peoples of the central and eastern United States.

A type of these structures called kurgan is the namesake of a hypothesis that the Indo-European languages first emerged between the Black and Caspian seas. :Identify this type of structure exemplified by the Devil's Humps of West Sussex and the mamoa of northern Portugal. In Germanic mythology, a type of draugr called the haugbui haunted this type of site.

Some of the oldest of these structures are found in Poverty Point, and the Hopewell and Adena people built these structures.

These keyhole-shaped burial mounds lend their name to a subdivision of the Yamato era beginning in the 3rd century CE. Some contain clay sculptures called haniwa.

At the Medora site, “platform” examples of these structures were built by the Plaquemine culture.

Many of these structures surround one called "Monks" at the Cahokia site. name these structures that were created by indigenous cultures of the Eastern U.S., which are collectively known as their "builders."

Woodland cultures such as the Adena and Hopewell were known for their constructions of the platform variety of these places, including a famous one shaped like a Great Serpent. name these elevated earthworks that were used for multiple purposes by various pre-Columbian civilizations.

Stones called fukiishi and clay figures called haniwa are characteristic of these places, many of which are shaped like keyholes. what megalithic burial mounds name the era between the Yayoi and Asuka periods?

Henry Brackenridge named the largest “platform” type of these structures called “Monks” in Collinsville, Illinois.

“Builders” of these structures constructed over 100 at Cahokia and a “Great Serpent” one in Ohio. name these piles of earth often used by Native Americans for burial purposes.

The first English child born in the New World, Virginia Dare, lived in this colony.

This colony was first settled by Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlow who were sent to establish relations with the Secotan.

People who were part of this colony supposedly left messages on Dare Stones, and this colony was headed by John White.

Thomas Harriot wrote a "Brief and True Report" of this place, where a group led by Ralph Lane clashed with the Secotan led by Wingina.

This island colony was led in its second iteration by John White, the grandfather of Virginia Dare, who left it to gather supplies from England. On his return, this colony had no people and the word Croatoan carved into a tree.

Upon its discovery, the Kendall Ring was believed to have been worn by a resident of this location; recent testing suggests that ring is brass instead of gold.

A fleet that established a colony at this location had earlier burned the town of Aquascogoc [[ah-KWAH-skoh-gohk]] in search of a missing silver cup.

After returning to this location, John White discovered the word "CROATOAN" carved into a palisade. name this island, the site of a colony founded by Sir Walter Raleigh which mysteriously disappeared.

When John White did not find the shape of a Maltese Cross upon his return to this location in 1590, he was baffled.

It was the birthplace of Virginia Dare, the granddaughter of governor John White.

This settlement may have relocated to Hatteras Island.

With the establishment of Jamestown, John Smith led search parties for survivors from this colony. name this "Lost Colony" of present-day North Carolina, intended as the first permanent settlement in North America.

Walter Raleigh founded this colony in North Carolina whose populace mysteriously disappeared.

Walter Raleigh attempted to found what English colony in America, whose colonists would disappear?

John White returned to this colony with supplies but discovered only the word Croatoan carved into a tree.