This city’s Gauleiter for two decades was Joseph Goebbels, and a famous photo taken by Yevgeny Khaldei shows a soldier raising a Soviet flag over this city’s Reichstag.

Due to his actions in this city, Colonel Gail Halvorsen gained the nicknames “Uncle Wiggly Wings” and “The Chocolate Flier.” Supplies were given to this city’s residents during Operation Little Vittles by Americans, who flew planes over this city during a 1948 Soviet blockade. name this European capital city that was divided by the Allies following World War II.

The communist Marinus van der Lubbe was convicted of arson in this city in 1933.

The Four Power Agreement concerned this city, where the Basic Treaty was signed.

German city where that chancellor held an 1878 congress to address the Balkans.

The once-divided German capital city?

In 1963, JFK claimed that it was the “proudest boast” of a free person to be a citizen of this city.

Lucius D. Clay led relief during Operation Vittles which was known as this city’s “Airlift”. name this capital of Germany.

A structure in this city contains the mural “My God, Help Me to Survive This Deadly Love;” that structure was once crossed at Checkpoint Charlie.

One event in this city was codenamed Operation Vittles and was overseen by General Curtis LeMay.

This city was the site of a 1948 airlift which sought to relieve a blockade of it by Soviet forces.

The Herero genocide was an event in the Scramble for Africa, which started after an 1884 conference in this European capital.

Ronald Reagan asked Mikhail Gorbachev to “tear down” a structure in this European capital city that was divided by a namesake wall.

“Checkpoint Charlie” was a notable crossing point at this city’s namesake “Wall,” which was torn down in 1989. name this city, the capital of Germany.

name this city which became divided by a namesake wall, which is the capital of Germany.

The United States clashed with a minister from this country during the XYZ Affair.

The U.S. signed the 1800 Treaty of Mortefontaine with this country, ending the Quasi-War.

Emmanuel Macron, who defeated Marine le Pen in 2017.

Modern-day country south of Belgium that was the site of the wars.

In 1962, this country signed the Évian Accords granting independence to its colony Algeria. name this country whose Fifth Republic was first led by Charles de Gaulle.

In 1975, this country made divorce easier and legalized abortion with the Veil Law, a few years before its anti-immigration Pasqua laws.

Three members of the GIGN, this country’s special forces and counter-terrorism unit, advised the raid on the Grand Mosque.

Country she supported against England in the Hundred Years” War.

After the 1958 Algiers Crisis, this current government of France came into power with Charles de Gaulle as its first president.

This country authorized Operation Satanic, the secret bombing of a Greenpeace ship protesting its nuclear policy, the Rainbow Warrior.

Substantial funding was provided by this country for Bokassa’s coronation. The Central African Republic gained independence from this country whose other African colonies included Cameroon and Algeria.

This nation was also the site of the medieval battle of Tours {TOO-UR}, in which Charles Martel stopped an Umayyad {OO-MY-YAHD} invasion force.

This country is home to cave paintings in Lascaux.

This officially Catholic country persecuted the Huguenots after the Edict of Fontainebleau.

Louis Philippe was a member of the House of Bourbon, which ruled this country. Following the overthrow of Louis Philippe, Napoleon III was elected the first President of this country.

A politician from this country reportedly held up a copy of The Constitution of Liberty by Austrian thinker Friedrich von Hayek and stated “This is what we believe.” Another economist from this country used wine from Portugal and cloth from this country to define comparative advantage in trade.

One of these two countries refused to use force to put down the revolt of Colonel Ahmed Urabi, prompting the other to intervene militarily.

A historian from this country was told, “Your criticism of me would damage your reputation as a historian, if you had one” during a 1961 debate.

This country clashed with the U.S. during the Venezuelan crisis of Grover Cleveland’s presidency.

This nation's stance in the 1860s was satirized in Joseph Webster's popular, contemporary tune titled "Our Neutral Friend." Two Confederate diplomats, James Murray Mason and John Slidell, were seized from a ship of this nation in the Trent Affair.

Country that faced the Blitz and employed the Royal Air Force.

Cogidubnus was a Roman client king in this modern-day country, where the Roman governor Agricola won the battle of Mons Graupius.

Country that colonized Australia who also colonized South Africa and the American colonies F

Country for which she was the first female Prime Minister

Another incident between these two countries featured a territorial dispute in Sudan and ended with a troop standoff in Fashoda.

Country that leased Hong Kong from the Qing [ching] Dynasty.

The U.S. and this country feuded over borders in the San Juan Islands during the Pig War.

European country that ruled Zimbabwe prior to independence.

Historians believe the late 19thcentury was the time of the “Great Rapprochement” between this country and the U.S. After the U.S. Civil War, this country resolved the Alabama claims with the U.S. and signed the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty. name this European country which, as a result of actions like these, began forming the “Special Relationship” with the U.S.

These two countries later worked with David Ben-Gurion in Operation Musketeer, deploying paratroopers to thwart Gamel Abdel Nasser’s nationalization of a waterway. name these two European powers that joined forces in the Suez Crisis.

This country underwent a religious schism known as the “Raskol” when Patriarch Nikon attempted to change the number of fingers used to make the sign of the cross, leading to the split of the Old Believers.

Successor state to the Soviet Union whose capital is Moscow.

The country whose Baltic Sea ports include Kaliningrad and St. Petersburg?

More than one million citizens of this country were killed in a civil war between the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. In the midst of the civil war, this country signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers to withdraw from World War I.

A culture based in this modern-day country created the first known chariots.

This country, whose navy employed Scottish-born Samuel Grieg, won the Battle of Chesme to force the Treaty of Kuchuk Kaynarca. Sailors in its navy mutinied in the Kronstadt Rebellion.

Peter ruled as Tsar of this country, which he led into the Great Northern War with Sweden.

This country was the home of the People’s Will, a revolutionary group that, in 1881, assassinated the leader of this country.

César Cui joined those two composers in the "Mighty Handful," a group of five composers that celebrated this country's music. Name this country where Pictures at an Exhibition was composed by Modest Mussorgsky and edited by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.

Was the first-ever U.S. ambassador to what country, where he presented credentials at St. Petersburg?

During another hostage crisis, this country was criticized for indiscriminately flooding a theater with poison gas.

British fishermen were killed in the Dogger Bank incident when what country’s navy accidentally fired on them, thinking they were Japanese?

Battle of Borodino, which was depicted in War and Peace.

country whose delegation was led by Tsar Alexander I.

That pamphlet was written by an author from this country who traveled from Switzerland in a sealed boxcar and delivered the April Theses upon his return to Petrograd. name this home country of Emma Goldman and Vladimir Lenin.

A standing mercenary army called the Black Army was established for this kingdom by Matthias Corvinus.

Olympians from this country participated in the “Blood in the Water”, a violent water polo match with Soviet athletes. name this country whose 1956 revolution concluded with Soviet forces occupying Budapest.

The Golden Bull of 1222 declared all nobles in this kingdom to be equal.

Country the Árpád Dynasty ruled with its modern capital at Budapest.

To prevent this country from surrendering, the son of its leader was kidnapped in Operation Panzerfaust by Otto Skorzeny.

Ferenc Szálasi's“International Ghetto” was opposed in this country’s capital by the Swedish-born Raoul Wallenberg.

This country was supported by Germany and Italy in the First Vienna Award which revised the Treaty of Trianon.

European country where Imre Nagy’s [im-reh nazh’s] 1956 revolt was violently crushed by the KGB.

In the interwar period, this country was threatened by the fascist Arrow Cross Party and was governed by the "regent" Miklos Horthy (HOR-tee).

Suleiman the Magnificent captured this country at the Battle of Mohacs [moh-hotch].

This country was defeated by Otto the Great at the Battle of Lechfeld, and it also saw a 1848 revolution led by Lajos Kossuth.

Bela Kun and Janos Kadar [yah-nosh kadar] led Communist governments in this country, whose first king was Saint Stephen of the Arpad Dynasty in the first century AD.

Janos Kadar was given control of this country after Nikita Khrushchev ordered the destruction of Imre Nagy’s government.

Following the Compromise of 1867 or Ausgleich, this country formed a dual monarchy with Austria. name this country with capital at Budapest.

This country’s first ruling dynasty was founded by Arpad and converted to Christianity during the rule of Saint Stephen. name this kingdom created by the Magyars whose capital joined with its eastern sister-city to form modern Budapest.

Recep Erdogan [aird-oh-wan] accused this country of “Nazi practices” after pro-Erdogan rallies were cancelled in Frechen and Cologne. name this country led by the Christian Democratic Union under Chancellor Angela Merkel.

An archaeologist from this country discovered the Mask of Agamemnon in his search for a historical Troy.

This country’s early 20th century star athletes included cyclist Willy Arend and long jumper Luz Long.

Tanzania was colonized by this country. Namibia was once part of this country’s Southwest Africa colony, which it extended by acquiring the Caprivi Strip.

It was united after an 1871 war and led by Kaiser Wilhelm I and chancellor Otto von Bismarck. name this European country formerly led by Adolf Hitler.

Astor moved to the U.S. after the Revolutionary War, spending the first sixteen years of his life in Walldorf, which is today the home of the software company, SAP.

This country sent a gunboat to its rival’s territory in Morocco, causing the Agadir Crisis.

The Weimar [VYE-mar] Republic, which was formed after the defeat of this nation in World War I, suffered from hyperinflation after the Treaty of Versailles.

Operation Gunnerside was able to eliminate this country’s stockpile of heavy water, stopping its nuclear weapons program.

After this country was victorious at the Battle of Waterberg, Lothar von Trotha infamously marched the Herero people into the Kalahari desert, where they died of dehydration in this country’s colony of Southwest Africa. name this European country that possessed the Caprivi Strip in modern-day Namibia.

Kinjikitile Ngwale [kin-jee-kit-ee-lay n-WAH-lay] convinced the Matumbi tribe that the bullets of soldiers from this country would turn to water during the Maji Maji rebellion.

European country that sent the Zimmermann Telegram to Mexico during the revolution, trying to trigger an invasion of the US.

Jesse Owens won the 100 meter dash at the 1936 Olympics in this country, shattering myths of Aryan supremacy. name this country that hosted Olympic Games in Munich and Berlin.

This country’s holdings included Togoland and the Caprivi Strip in Namibia, which was then named South West Africa. name this country that sparked the Scramble for Africa by hosting the Berlin Conference.

Wunderwaffe, or wonder weapons, were produced during World War II by this country, for whom Wernher von Braun designed the V1 and V2 rockets.

This country was the site of the 1970 “Hot Autumn” riots.

Settlements in this modern-day country included one ruled by the tyrant Telys, Sybaris, which was conquered by Croton.

In order to downplay a defeat, this country’s Gothic Line was renamed to the Green Line by Albert Kesselring.

This country was home to a Masonic lodge called P2, which collaborated with a NATO stay-behind program called Operation Gladio to combat Communist influence.

The life of a miller in this modern-day country is depicted in Carlo Ginzburg’s The Cheese and the Worms.

A leader of this country signed the Osimo Treaty with Yugoslavia before joining a “Historic Compromise” with his country’s communist party.

This European country lost the 1896 Battle of Adowa, ending its first attempt to conquer an East African country.Name this country that re-invaded Abyssinia in 1935 under Benito Mussolini.

During one of this country’s independence struggles, Jean-Henri Dunant established the International Red Cross after witnessing the Battle of Solferino. In 1860, the Spanish Bourbons were ousted by the Expedition of the Thousand, ensuring the success of this country’s Risorgimento. name this country that was unified under Victor Emmanuel II after the 1870 capture of Rome.

Magna Graecia lies in this modern-day country, where the Pyrrhic War took place.

Country in which the Years of Lead took place, in which terrorists killed civilians in cities like Florence.

“Il Duce,” [eel doo-chay], Benito Mussolini, during World War II.

A long-time socialist prime minister of this country was investigated for corruption as part of the so-called “clean hands” investigation.

A leader of this country, Aldo Moro, was kidnapped and killed by the Red Brigades as part of the Years of Lead [led].

One former Prime Minister of this country founded the company Mediaset and was known for his extravagant “bunga bunga” parties. name this country currently led by Matteo Renzi and recently led by Silvio Berlusconi.

Nicias and Alcibiades led a failed expedition to an island now owned by this country.

In this modern-day state, British forces fought the Battle of Bloody Marsh as part of the War of Jenkins” Ear.

During fighting in this state, Joseph Johnston was removed from command for his failure at Kennesaw Mountain.

Braxton Bragg won the first major battle in this state against William Rosecrans at Chickamauga, but a strategic setback for the Confederates at Kennesaw Mountain left the path to this state's capital open.

Benjamin Ingham and the Wesley brothers landed in this colony, where Tomochichi of the Yamacraw and Mary Musgrove helped mediate peace.

Central Asian nation which has breakaway regions in Abkhazia and South Ossetia and shares its name with a U.S. sate?

As a debtors’ haven by James Oglethorpe?

One ruler of this kingdom won the Battle of Didgori, defeating the Great Seljuk Empire, thus initiating his country’s Golden Age.

The death of this state’s governor-elect, Eugene Talmadge, sparked the Three Governors controversy.

The subject of Sherman's March to the Sea which ended in Savannah

Henry Wirz was executed for war crimes for running this state’s Civil War-era Andersonville Prison.

The 1964 Civil Rights Act’s prohibitions on discrimination in private businesses was upheld after a challenge by, what U.S. state’s Heart of Atlanta Motel?

In a court case involving this state, William Wirt was hired by a Native American tribe that was declared a “domestic dependent nation.” A 1972 case involving this state started a nationwide moratorium on the death penalty; another case four years later, also involving this state, ended it.

James Oglethorpe founded this US colony that served as a southern buffer between the English colonies and Spanish Florida.

In this state, William Tecumseh Sherman led the March to the Sea which culminated in Savannah.

William Tecumseh Sherman’s March to the Sea ended with the capture of this southern state’s city of Savannah.

were repealed in part to relieve the potato famine in this country.

The Invincibles operated from this country where they committed the Phoenix Park Murders during a period called the Land War.

One hero from this island gained wisdom by sucking his thumb after burning it on a magic salmon.

This island was the site of an independence movement during which Bobby Sands’ died after a lengthy hunger strike.

Wolfe Tone led an unsuccessful rebellion in what is now this country, and this modern-day country is where the Croke Park massacre was perpetrated by the Black and Tans.

A rebellion in this polity involved the takeover of the General Post Office and resulted in the execution of Roger Casement.

Island where Oliver Cromwell brutally suppressed Royalist soldiers from his base in Dublin.

In May 2015, this country became the first to pass a referendum legalizing same-sex marriage, and it is considering another referendum to repeal the abortion-forbidding Article 9 of its constitution.

This country’s Home Rule movement was advocated for by William Gladstone in the House of Commons.

The unification of two regions into what country was the goal of a “Provisional” Republican Army associated with the political party Sinn Fein [shin fayn]?

Leaders from this country include Eamon de Valera and Patrick Pearse.

One early ruler on this island won the Battle of Clontarf and was named Brian Boru.

The Easter Rising occurred in this country, which also saw Charles Parnell advocate Home Rule during the 1800's.

Roger Casement was executed for treason as a revolutionary for this country that was led by Eamon de Valera, who fought during the 1916 Easter Rising.

The Good Friday Agreement ended the direct rule of a portion of this island in the hopes of ending the Troubles.

Torkild Rieber’s Texaco company was fined 22,000 dollars for illegally supplying oil on credit to a side in this war.

This conflict saw the coining of the term “Fifth Column.” Manuel Azaña was the prime minister of one side at the end of this conflict.

In this war, the first African American to command an American military unit, Oliver Law, was killed at the Battle of Brunete.

During this conflict, Italy’s mass use of submarine warfare against merchant ships prompted the Nyon Conference.

One faction in this conflict that adopted the "Twenty-Seven Points" ideology merged with the Traditionalist Communion.

In support of freedom fighters in this war, U.S. folk group the Almanac Singers, led by activist Pete Seeger, wrote an album of songs such as "Jarama Valley" from a U.S. battalion which fought in this war.

The CNT attempted to overthrow one government during this conflict in the so-called “May Days” after Anarcho-Syndicalists allegedly gained control of Telefonico.

Emilio Mola coined the term "fifth column" during this conflict, which included the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.

Robert Capa is credited with taking the possibly faked photograph The Falling Soldier in this war.

Americans in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade fought for this war’s losing side, and Ernest Hemingway covered this war as a reporter, which inspired his novel For Whom the Bell Tolls. name this late 1930s war in which the Republican forces lost to the Nationalists of Francisco Franco.

Jose Sanjurjo died in a plane crash in this war.

The Abraham Lincoln Brigade was one of the International Brigades to join this conflict, and Nazi Germany supported one side in this conflict with the Condor Legion.

In this war, the Abraham Lincoln Brigade fought alongside republicans and the German Condor Legion bombed Guernica. name this 1936 to 1939 war that ended when Francisco Franco captured Madrid.

During this conflict, the Condor Legion killed hundreds of Basque civilians in an air raid, many of whom lived in Guernica. name this 1930s conflict in which the Republicans lost to the Nationalists under Francisco Franco.

The Condor Legion’s bombing of a town inspired Pablo Picasso to paint Guernica during this war that led to the rise of Francisco Franco.

Answer the following about some infamous headlines in The Sun, .The Sun ran the headline “Gotcha” after the sinking of the General Belgrano during this 1980s war.

One side in this war launched Operation Paraquet [“parakeet”] to retake an island on which the other side had illegally raised their flag at Leith Harbour.

Margaret Thatcher and her War Cabinet quickly recaptured South Georgia during this conflict.

During this war, hospital ships collaborated to treat patients in an area known as “Red Cross Box.” A famous photo of a “Yomper” in this war was taken after commandos navigated “Bomb Alley” to land at San Carlos.

A Newsweek cover about this conflict depicts the Hermes with the caption “The Empire Strikes Back.” Mount Tumbledown was captured in this war, which included landings at San Carlos Water and fighting at Goose Green.

This conflict began on the orders of Leopoldo Galtieri, who lost power as a result.

In this war, Vulcan bombers were ordered to carry out 8000-mile long raids in Operation Black Buck.

The Battle of Goose Green occurred as part of this conflict in which one side was led by Leopoldo Galtieri.

Exocet missiles helped sink the Sheffield in this war, in which the General Belgrano was also sunk.

This war included a nuclear-powered submarine sinking an enemy ship when the Conqueror fired upon the General Belgrano. During this war, one side made landings at San Carlos Water before winning the Battle of Goose Green.

Herbert Jones led forces at the Battle of Goose Green in this war but died before its conclusion.

the war where the Sheffield was sunk.

Operation Rosario, ordered by Leopoldo Galtieri [[gahl-TYEH-ree]], began this war, which included an engagement between the General Belgrano and the HMS Conqueror.

Leopoldo Galtieri was removed from power after Stanley was recaptured in this conflict. name this war between the UK and Argentina.

Thatcher was Prime Minister during this 1982 war between the United Kingdom and Argentina over a namesake island group.

Dictator who led the Soviet Union during World War II.

This man’s cult of personality was criticized by his successor, Nikita Khrushchev.

This man presided over the Holodomor famine in the Ukraine as well as the creation of kolkhoz collective farms in the First Five Year Plan.

Established under the influence of this World War Two Soviet leader

The Holodomor was likely organized by this leader to reduce the population of the Ukraine.

The end of this man’s rule included the Night of the Murdered Poets, and he invented the fictitious Doctor’s Plot.

This man, who ruled with the aid of Lavrentiy Beria’s secret police, was given pretext to remove his political enemies during the Doctors’ Plot.

This man ordered the NKVD to carry out the “Great Purge,” which left the Red Army unprepared to deal with an eventual German invasion. name this “man of steel” who led the Soviet Union through World War II.

The New Economic Policy was rejected by this leader, who instead implemented five-year plans.

This man was denounced by his successor in an oration known as the “Secret Speech.” The Holodomor was a forced famine that occurred during this man’s rule.

This leader accused “saboteurs” of trying to overthrow him in a fabricated scheme he blamed on Jewish physicians, known as the Doctor’s Plot.

A poem about this ruler mentions his “thick fingers” that are bulky and “fat like live-baits” as well as his wide “Ossetian torso.” His secret police ordered the execution of Osip Mandelstam for writing a satirical epigram.

The theory of “Socialism in One Country” was propagated by this successor to Vladimir Lenin. name this Soviet Leader during World War II.

As opposed to an opponent’s idea of “permanent revolution,” this ruler promoted “socialism in one country.” This man frequently purged Old Bolsheviks in show trials and eventually had Ramon Mercador murder his rival, Leon Trotsky. name this Soviet dictator who succeeded Vladimir Lenin and ruled during World War II.

In Operation Barbarossa, Nazi Germany invaded this leader's country. name this brutal Soviet dictator who led the USSR during World War II.

This man’s visit to the home of Iowan farmer Roswell Garst inspired him to begin a series of land reforms in the Virgin Lands Campaign.

A visit by this leader to Roswell Garst’s farm in Iowa sparked an obsession with planting corn in his country, despite its unsuitability.

This man was inspired by a visit to Roswell Garst’s farm to launch the Virgin Lands Campaign.

On a foreign visit, this man angrily asked if he had to commit suicide before he could visit Disneyland.

This leader unsuccessfully attempted to increase the agricultural output of his country by sending pioneers to Kazakhstan and Siberia in the Virgin Lands Campaign.

This man defeated an attempted coup by the Anti-Party Group, led by former premier Georgi Malenkov.

This man was refused admittance to Disneyland during his visit to America, during which he visited corn farmer Roswell Garst.

This leader attempted to improve his country’s agricultural output with the failed Virgin Lands Campaign.

“We will bury you” to Western ambassadors?

This leader decried the use of secret police, poor economic policies, and a cult of personality in his Secret Speech.

Those rivals of his would come to be known as the “Anti-Party Group”, which included Lazar Kaganovich and Grigory Malenkov.

The most powerful explosion on Earth, the Tsar Bomba test, was carried out at the beginning of the premiership of this Soviet premier who visited the United States six years after succeeding Stalin.

He denounced the cult of personality of his predecessor in the “secret speech”. name this Soviet premier during the Cuban Missile Crisis, who succeeded Stalin.

In a namesake “thaw’, man denounced the “cult of personality” of his predecessor in his “Secret Speech.” This man coaxed the United States into removing Jupiter weapons from Turkey after he attempted to arm a Caribbean nation. name this Soviet premier who faced the Cuban Missile Crisis as Stalin’s successor.

In a namesake “thaw,” this man gave the “Secret Speech” to denounce the cult of personality of his predecessor. name this successor of Joseph Stalin as head of the USSR.

Both SALT I and II were attended by this Soviet leader, whose rule is known as the Era of Stagnation. His namesake doctrine justified the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia during Prague Spring.

This leader jumped into the arms of Chuck Connors, the star of his favorite TV show, The Rifleman, one of the few American programs aired in this man’s country.

This man shared power with Nikolai Podgorny and Alexander Kosygin in the early years of his leadership, and his poor economic planning led to the beginning of the Era of Stagnation.

This leader’s best-selling trilogy of memoirs, beginning with The Minor Land and Rebirth, was likely ghostwritten, since his health was rapidly declining when they were published.

In his fifth year in power, an assassination attempt was made on this man by Viktor Ilyn, who disguised himself as a policeman and wounded five cosmonauts with gunfire.

This leader nearly started a war over the Zhenbao [jen-bow] Islands and survived an assassination attempt while he was honoring four astronauts.

In one speech, this man declared an “alliance of the working class with science” to oppose the reform program of Aleksei Kosygin.

Despite instituting the Kosygin Reform, this man presided over a namesake “Era of Stagnation.” Along with Richard Nixon, this leader signed the SALT I treaty.

This leader kissed Erich Honecker in a “fraternal embrace” that was depicted on the graffiti painting My God, Help Me Survive This Deadly Love.

Despite reforms attempted by Premier Alexei Kosygin, this leader’s emphasis on military spending led to the Era of Stagnation.

Prague Spring was crushed by this Soviet premier who justified his invasion based on the earlier invasion of Hungary in 1956.

This leader shared power with Nikolai Podgorny and Aleksey Kosygin, and he negotiated SALT II and initiated détente.

This leader began a failed ten-year invasion of Afghanistan, and justified the suppression of the Prague Spring and invasion of Czechoslovakia with a namesake doctrine. name this leader of the Soviet Union throughout the 1970s.

The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan began under this Soviet Premier, who signed the Helsinki Accords.

This leader signed both SALT treaties, but that did not stop him from authorizing an invasion of Afghanistan. name this Soviet leader who succeeded Nikita Khrushchev.

This man’s testimony at a parliamentary commission in 1919 fueled the conspiracy theory that Germany had lost World War One due to a “stab in the back” from disloyal elements.

Wilhelm II appointed this man Chief of the General Staff in the second half of World War I. He later served as president of the Weimar Republic.

After Marinus van der Lubbe was caught attempting to set fire to government buildings, this leader suspended civil liberties in the Reichstag fire decrees.

This leader was promoted to Field Marshal after the Battle of Lodz and succeeded Friedrich Ebert in his highest post.

This winner at Tannenberg became joint commander of the German forces with Erich von Ludendorff, and appointed Adolf Hitler to succeed him as Chancellor after the war. He names a zeppelin.

This conservative signed the Enabling act of 1933, officially handing power to Hitler. :Name this German Field Marshal who was the namesake of a zeppelin that crashed in 1937.

This man served as the commander of the eighth army along with Erich von Ludendorff at the Battle of Tannenberg, at which he destroyed a Russian army.

Falkenhayn was replaced by a pair of leaders: Erich Ludendorff and this officer, who appointed Hitler Chancellor of Germany in 1933 and is the namesake of a zeppelin that crashed in New Jersey in 1937.

What President of Germany this person who appointed Hitler Chancellor in 1933, was the namesake of a zeppelin that caught fire above New Jersey in 1937.

This last president of the Weimar Republic signed the Enabling Act of 1933, which gave Hitler the power to enact laws without the Reichstag. This man won at the Battle of Tannenberg.

The day before this man died in 1934, his cabinet passed a decree eliminating his country’s presidency and giving its powers to an appointed chancellor.

This man implemented his namesake program to increase industrial production after the firing of Erich von Falkenhayn.

As President of the Weimar Republic, this man appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor. name this German hero who, during World War I, won the Battle of Tannenberg.

For the points, identify this German field marshal who was elected president of the Weimar Republic.

German President and World War I field marshal who aided in the Nazi dictator’s rise to power by appointing him chancellor.

Politician who served as Prime Minister for four years in between his first and current terms as President.

This leader appointed Akhmad Kadyrov to one post, and one scandal early in this leader’s career was the Kursk submarine disaster.

This politician's handling of the Moscow apartment bombings helped him succeed Boris Yeltsin as head of the Russian state. He is the current President of Russia.

This leader called for a crackdown on alternative forms of alcohol after over 60 people died by drinking bath essence containing methanol.

A critic of this leader was mysteriously shot to death while crossing the Bolshoy Bridge; that man was Boris Nemtsov.

This leader lost popularity when he refused to call off a vacation after the sinking of the submarine Kursk.

Current world leader who once served as a KGB agent.

In recent years, Dmitri Medvedev has traded positions with this man, who, in 2014, sent armies to forcibly seize the Crimea from Ukraine. name this current president of Russia.

This leader dealt with hostage crises at the Dubrovka theater and a school in Beslan, and he ordered the arrest of Yukos CEO Mikhail Khodorkovsky.

US intelligence officials have accused this leader of being personally involved in November’s U.S. Presidential election. name this current President of Russia.

This leader ordered special forces to indiscriminately gas the Dubrovka Theatre during a hostage crisis, killing 170 civilians.

Russian leader who annexed Crimea in 2014 before invading parts of eastern Ukraine

Although this person called communism a “blind alley, far away from the mainstream of civilization,” he lamented the collapse of the his country of birth as the “greatest geopolitical tragedy of the 20th century.” He was stationed in Leningrad before being transferred to Dresden during his time as a KGB agent, and he served as Prime Minister to his predecessor and successor, Dmitry Medvedev.

This politician was also involved in the Second Chechen War. name this predecessor of Dmitri Medvedev, the current Prime Minister of Russia.

A former KGB officer and President from 2000 to 2008, name this Prime Minister of Russia.

As the first Deputy Prime Minister, he received the Beveridge Report, which he followed by creating the National Health Service.

This man won an election on the slogan “Let Us Face the Future” and subsequently passed the National Insurance Act on the advice of the Beveridge Report.

replaced his predecessor as the new Labour PM at the 1945 Potsdam Conference?

This leader’s party was split between supporters of Chancellor of the Exchequer Hugh Gaitskell and Health Secretary Aneurin Bevan.

During his prime ministership, many non-African portions of the British Empire became independent countries, such as India and Pakistan.

This author of The Social Worker saw his Fuel and Power Minister Emanuel Shinwell resign when coal mines froze.

This leader’s slogan was “Let us face the future together.” His tenure saw the decolonisation of Mandatory Palestine and the appointment of Aneurin Bevan as Minister for a new welfare system.

Five months after the Yalta Conference, this Labour prime minister replaced Winston Churchill at the Potsdam Conference.

Another notable khaki election occurred in 1945, when this Labour Party politician won a landslide victory against Winston Churchill. Nye Bevan served as this Prime Minister’s Minister of Health.

Labour Party leader who defeated him in 1945 and 1950 elections.

His administration oversaw the creation of the National Health Service and he led the Labour Party through what became known as the “Bevanite” quarrel.

He oversaw the failure of the Tanganyika Groundnut Scheme and for his first period in government he served in a role created specifically for him; that role was Deputy Prime Minister.

The National Health Service was created during the tenure of this Labour Prime Minister who lost a 1951 election to a man he had stunned in 1945, Winston Churchill.

The Potsdam Conference was attended by this Prime Minister who replaced Winston Churchill at the end of World War II.

The British railroad system was finally nationalized in 1948 under this Labour Prime Minister, who led the UK after World War II.

This guy ruled Albania with an iron fist from 1944 until 1985 as the First Secretary of Albania's Communist Party of Labor.

Zog’s hopes of regaining his throne were dashed by the rise of this bunker-loving Communist dictator, who ruled Albania from 1944 until his death in 1985.

Leader of Communist Albania whose move toward Maoism caused a full break with the Warsaw Pact.

In a diary entry, this leader judged foreign pressure on his country to be purely “economic,” declaring “politically and ideologically they have never made us yield and will never be able to make us yield.” :Name this postwar European leader whose regime’s relations with China broke down due to Deng Xiaoping’s promulgation of the Three-Worlds Theory.

This man called the three worlds theory counterrevolutionary and chauvinist in a 1978 book that claimed that China was attempting to become a superpower through an essentially capitalist strategy, Imperialism and the Revolution, while he attacked the democratic strategy of the Carrillo revisionists in the speech Eurocommunism is Anti-Communism.

He presided over his country's 1976 constitution that outlawed borrowing and promoted self-reliance; earlier, after executing Koci Xoxe, he had overseen a massive increase in literacy and the implementation of state-sponsored atheism.

FTPE, answer the following about some of those seemingly ubiquitous European secret police groups.The Sigurimi, established in 1943, was the creation of this dictator, whose right hand man was Mehmet Shehu.

He kept himself in power and suppressed opposition with the Sigurimi police force. :Name this Albanian communist leader, who led Albania through a period of industrialization in the latter half of the twentieth century.

Communist who was dictator from 1944 to 1985?

For most of the Cold War, Albania was ruled by this Communist. His criticism of Krushchev led to Albania’s withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact.

From 1944 to 1985, Albania was led by this Communist dictator, who set up 750,000 one-man bunkers across the country to serve as gun emplacements.

Another Balkan leader who quarreled with the Soviets was this Party Secretary and leader of Albania from 1944 to 1985. During his tenure, Albania was excluded from the Warsaw Pact.

The son of a Muslim cloth merchant, he ruled Albania with an iron hand for 40 years after World War II.

Succeeded by Ramiz Alia, name this leader of the PLA, a communist dictator of Albania.

Although never technically holding office as head of state, this communist led Albania from 1944 to 1985, after forging an anti-Italian alliance with the Balli Kombetar.

This leader of the Christian Democracy party both followed and was succeeded by Giovanni Leone. FTPE:Name this Italian prime minister, who was notably kidnapped and executed by the Red Brigades in 1978.

Christian Democrat and prime minister who was assassinated following his 1978 kidnapping.

As an academic, this man refuted Nazism in his home country in by writing articles for the periodical Pensiero e Vita, As a politician, he was called the "red fish that swam in holy water" and his meeting with Giuseppe Dossetti would cause him to sponsor Catholicism in his home country when he joined Civitas Humana.

After leaving power, the UCIGOS special operations force executed Plan Zero in an effort to find this man, though the search was undermined by the DIGOS investigators failing to realize that an anonymous tip was referring to a street rather than a village.

Conspiracy theories regarding this man were popularized by such men as Robert Katz in a book entitled Days of Wrath, as well as by Sergio Flamigni, who suggested that this man may have offended a secret Masonic lodge known as Propaganda 2.

In 1983, this former prime minister from Andreotti's party was kidnapped by the Red Brigades on the day of a confidence vote in a new Andreotti government. This politician was killed after a papal mediation mission failed and his ransom was not paid.

Early in his career, this man lead the student organization F.U.C.I. while later tried to end a left-wing, right-wing split through the Civitas Humana organization.

He was the leader of the Dorothean faction that deposed Christian Democrat leader Fernando Tambroni, setting the stage for his five terms as Prime Minister.

The Red Brigades kidnapped and murdered this former Italian Prime Minister in 1978, ending the "Historic Compromise" between the Communists and Christian Democrats.

Christian Democrat prime minister who was kidnapped and killed in 1978 following a failed papal mediation mission.

As a symbol of Italian Capitalism, Agnelli was the target of attempted kidnappings by Communists, similar to that which resulted in the death of this Italian prime minister during the Years of Lead.

Despite police searches and a psychic séance, his body was found two months later in the trunk of a car on the Via Caetani.

He was leader of the Christian Democratic party, and with his home country Communists, he sponsored the Compromesso Storico.

Mario Moretti was the man behind this man's death, which was initially thought to have been perpetrated by Antonio Negri. name this Italian Prime Minister who was killed and kidnapped by the Red Brigades.

The most notable event during the Years of Lead was the kidnapping and murder of this former Italian Prime Minister by the Red Brigades.

This politician replaced his old friend Selwyn Lloyd and seven other cabinet members within 24 hours in what became known as Britain’s Night of the Long Knives.

This politician’s demands for strong nuclear growth contributed to a fire at the Windscale Plant.

This Conservative Prime Minister from 1957 to 1963 signed the Partial Test Ban Treaty, but had his government rocked by the Profumo affair, in which his Secretary of State for War had an affair with the mistress of an alleged Soviet spy.

In 1960, this leader gave the “Winds of Change” speech at the Parliament of South Africa in which he criticized Apartheid.

Hendrik Verwoerd responded to this leader by saying that there must “also be justice to the white man.” This leader, who claimed his country “has never had it so good,” was scandalized after it was uncovered that Christine Keeler was in a relationship with Secretary of State for War John Profumo.

Though this politician began the Polaris nuclear project, he ended the National Service and joined the USSR and United States as the third major country to sign the Partial Test Ban Treaty.

This leader’s navy was damaged when John Vassall was blackmailed into being a Soviet spy.

This man’s disapproval of apartheid became clear in a pro-decolonization speech. name this Prime Minister who delivered the Wind of Change address.

Gave the “Wind of Change” speech in 1960, giving tacit approval to African independence movements.

The Profumo affair led to the defeat of the Conservative administration under this prime minister, who had won the 1959 election under the “you’ve never had it so good” campaign.

A scandal for this man’s government occurred after the homosexuality of John Vassall was used to get secrets from the Admiralty by the KGB.

Was nicknamed "Supermac" and oversaw Britain's first H-Bomb test, resigning following the Profumo affair.

This man’s cabinet was rocked by the revelation that Christine Keeler had an affair with the Secretary of State for War, John Profumo.

This Prime Minister’s sub-Saharan tour of Africa is credited with speeding up decolonization. name this Conservative Prime Minister of the UK who gave the 1960 “Wind of Change” speech in South Africa.

The Federation of Malaya became officially independent in 1957 during the administration of this British prime minister, a supporter of decolonization, who had succeeded Anthony Eden in January of that year.

The leader of the “Glamour Boys,” this man resigned his post of Foreign Secretary after the Munich Agreement.

Prime Minister of the UK whose administration collapsed following the bungling of the Suez Crisis

A “Law Not War” rally in Trafalgar Square against this leader led by Aneurin BevRan opposed Operation Musketeer.

Deputy and Foreign Secretary who succeeded him in 1955, leading Britain during the Suez Crisis.

This Englishman’s government faced questions after the disappearance of MI6 diver Lionel Crabb on a reconnaissance mission.

After the failure of the Hoare–Laval Pact, Hoare was replaced as Foreign Secretary by this youthful conservative, who held the post again in the Churchill ministry during most of World War II.

In his highest office, he began Britain’s collapse as a superpower in a bungled attempt to maintain influence in the Middle East against US and Soviet opposition.

According to John Colville’s The Fringes of Power, this politician rejected a French plan for Britain and France to enter into a political union.

This British Conservative Prime Minister and former Foreign Minister spearheaded the intervention, but its failure led to his resignation. He was succeeded by Harold Macmillan.

This Prime Minister was forced to resign amid allegations that he was colluding with France and Israel to seize the Suez Canal.

Churchill was succeeded after his second Ministry and retirement by this man. He had earlier resigned as Foreign Secretary to protest Chamberlain’s policy of appeasement.

This Earl of Avon became Prime Minister after Churchill’s last resignation and decided to use armed force to intervene at the Suez Canal in October of 1956.

He compared Gamal Abdel Nasser to Benito Mussolini and joined with France and Israel to invade Egypt. name this Prime Minister in power during the Suez Crisis.

Guy Mollet and this man lost their highest offices after a conflict with Gamel Abdel Nasser. name this British prime minister who resigned after the Suez Crisis.

British Prime Minister who resigned in its wake.

With Leo Szilard [zee-LAR], this scientist wrote a letter to FDR that inspired the Manhattan Project. name this scientist who formulated general and special relativity.

The first X-ray telescope put into space was named for this scientist, who wrote a letter with Leo Szilard [seh-LARD] warning about the dangers of atomic bombs.

In 1946, this figure noted “there is a somber point in the social outlook of Americans” in a lecture against racism at the historically black Lincoln University.

This figure is the alphabetically-prior namesake of a manifesto that inspired the Pugwash anti-WMD conference; that manifesto is named after this man and Bertrand Russell.

This man’s willingness to testify as a character witness convinced a judge to drop an anti-Communist trial against W.E.B. Du Bois.

This man’s paper, On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, helped fully end belief in a luminiferous aether.

This man and Willem de Sitter name a flat solution to the FLRW metric. A relation named for this man and Smoluchowski models diffusion.

David Ben-Gurion tried to make this man the first President of Israel, a post he refused.

This figure’s literary rights were bequeathed to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which he helped establish.

In a speech at Lincoln University, this man called racism "a disease of white people," and he criticized capitalism's "crippling of individuals" in his essay "Why Socialism?" With Bertrand Russell, this man penned a manifesto against nuclear weapons, although he had earlier co-signed a letter with Leó Szilárd (“Sea” lard) that led to FDR's creation of the Manhattan Project.

This man won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his study of the photoelectric effect, published the same year as his work on Brownian motion, mass-energy equivalence, and special relativity. name this German scientist who discovered the relationship e equals mc squared.

This scientist explained Brownian motion using a molecular-kinetic theory of heat in “On the Movement of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid.” Another of this scientist’s papers, called “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies,” modifies Maxwell’s equations in the limiting case when speeds approach the speed of light. name this scientist who, during his “Annus Mirabilis” in 1905, proposed the theory of special relativity.

This scientist's namesake field equations can be used to calculate spacetime geometry and includes the cosmological constant, which is referred to as this scientist's "biggest blunder." In 1952, this scientist was offered the presidency of Israel. For ten points, name this scientist who developed the theory of relativity and the equation E equals m c squared.

This man won the Nobel Prize for his explanation of the photoelectric effect, which was among the four papers published in 1905, a year known as his “Annus Mirabilis.” name this scientist who formulated a mass-energy relation commonly written as E equals m c squared.

After this man's 1955 death, Thomas Stoltz Harvey infamously stole his brain for study. name this former patent clerk, a German physicist known for his theory of relativity and "E equals m-c-squared."

This scientist may have committed suicide by injecting cyanide into an apple.

Computers capable of mimicking human speech are said to “pass” a test named for this man, who worked at Bletchley Park during World War II.

A finite set of user instructions, an infinitely long memory tape, and a symbol reader make up a theoretical machine conceived by this man; if a problem is computable, that device can solve it, according to a hypothesis named for this man and Alonzo Church.

This man developed a sequential analysis technique in statistics that measures evidence using “bans.” The highest prize that the ACM offers is named for this man, whose namesake test determines if a machine is sufficiently intelligent.

This man asserted a reaction-diffusion theory of morphogenesis in his namesake patterns, which explain why nature has stripes, spots, and spirals.

British namesake of an abstract computing “machine” and artificial intelligence test, and who committed suicide in 1954.

This man worked with Donald Bayley in producing the Delilah system of portable voice communications.

This scientist names a 2017 law that retroactively pardons British men convicted of homosexuality.

With Alonzo Church, this man outlined the possibilities of lambda calculus, and in his most famous role, he improved upon the Polish bombe system while working in Hut 8 at Bletchley Park.

This scientist's namesake machine is an idealized computer which reads symbols from an infinite tape. name this computer scientist who names a test that distinguishes between humans and machines.

This thinker names a modern British law that retroactively renders convictions of men for homosexuality null.

The German Enigma code was broken with the help of, what English “father of modern computer science?”

He was assigned to lead Hut 8 of Bletchley Park to help decipher navy signals during World War II.

This man was posthumously pardoned after he was prosecuted for homosexuality in 1952. name this British scientist who helped break the Enigma code and is considered the father of computer science.

This man developed a bombe device to decrypt the Enigma machine. name this British mathematician who modeled computation with his namesake machine.

The Amur River Bridge extended this project.

In the early years of World War Two, this route was used to transport natural rubber from Southeast Asia to Europe, and Kurt Gödel [[GUR- duhl]] and Bette Erlich Lowenstein took this transportation line during their escape from Nazi Germany.

Finance Minister Sergei Witte oversaw its construction, which included a section that circled around Lake Baikal and was inspired after Nicholas II traveled to Vladivostok.

Alexander Kolchak's government was weakened when parts of this structure between Chita and Krasnoyarsk [[krass-nuh-YARSK]] were destroyed by partisans.

During the early years of this route’s existence, ice-breaking ferries like the SS Angara provided a linkage over a large lake.

Until the completion of the Circum-Baikal Railway, a train ferry was used to connect two parts of this route.

Along this structure, a dispute over the repatriation of Magyar POWs led in part to the Revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion.

Railroad that connects Moscow and Vladivostok and was finished in 1916.

Major cities on this route include Yekaterinburg [[yeh-KAT-eh-rin-burg]] and Novosibirsk [[noh-voh-see-BEERSK]]. name this longest railway in the world, stretching from Moscow to Vladivodstok.

World War II supplies were sent from the Eastern European theater to the Pacific theater by this transcontinental railroad that traverses the large, sparsely populated majority of Russia.

Precursors to this railway included steamboat travel on the Ob as well as the Irkutsk-Chita line.

This project, which was largely the brainchild of Sergei Witte , provided the main supply line of the Czechoslovak Legion and the land-based supply chain of the Pacific Route under Lend-Lease. what infrastructure project spanned Russia with a massive railroad?

"Green Ukraine" declared its independence near the terminus of this structure, and during fighting along this structure, the Czech Legion captured a reserve of gold held by a government based in Omsk. name this structure, the largest of its type, which runs from Moscow to Vladivostok.

For 15 points—name this six thousand-mile long route between Moscow and Vladivostok.

This railway is the longest in the world and connects Vladivostok with Moscow. identify this railway that spans an icy region of Russia.

One holder of this type of position in the United States faced a scandal when Harry Thomas Jr. was found to be embezzling funds.

A petition to the House of Lords was made by the guild of mercers in 1386 lodging complaints against one Nicholas Brembre over his actions of taking an office of this type by force.

Louise Schroeder, the first female member of the Weimar era Reichstag rose to one of these positions under Allied occupation.

An English holder of this position called St. Patrick’s Day a Leftist holiday and insinuated that taxpayers who funded it were supporters of Sinn Fein.

FreshPAC supported that holder, Muriel Bowser.

Jean Sylvain Bailly (Bah-Yee) went from presiding over the Tennis Court Oath to being named a first one of these after the National Assembly abolished the older post of Provost, although that particular post was mostly nonexistent until Jacques Chirac won that position when it was recreated in 1977.

Sadiq Khan now holds this position after succeeding a blonde Brexit-backer from the Conservative Party. name this position that Boris Johnson previously held during eight years in London.

Willy Brandt first came to fame as the holder of this sort of position in West Berlin. name this sort of political position that London confusingly sort of has two of.

The position of president of Austria is largely ceremonial, as the holder of this position has power over the government. In Germany, this position is currently held by Angela Merkel.

This man declared that the “great issues of the day” would be resolved with “blood and iron.” name this Iron Chancellor of Prussia who unified Germany.

This man was killed after he was accidentally shot by friendly forces at the Battle of Chancellorsville. name this Confederate General nicknamed “Stonewall.”

One of the numerous arrests of this suffragette inspired Mary Richardson’s slashing of the Rokeby Venus.

This leader's efforts resulted in the passage of three Conciliation Bills and the Representation of the People Act.

This woman married a feminist who wrote The Married Women’s Property Rights Act of 1870 and 1882. :Identify this British suffragette who founded the Women’s Franchise League and engaged in numerous hunger strikes in support of suffrage.

The Bodyguard society was formed to protect this activist, who protested H. H. Asquith’s failure to pass a Conciliation Bill in a demonstration assaulted by police on Black Friday.

In 1918, women were granted limited voting rights in the United Kingdom, largely due to this leader’s activism. :This suffragette and agitator founded the Women’s Social and Political Union, but passed away in 1928 just before women were granted full voting rights.

This activist spoke out against prison conditions after being arrested for attempting to deliver a protest resolution to H. H. Asquith, whose refusal to meet this figure was called “Black Friday” and resulted in 200 protestors being assaulted by police.

While on a speaking tour with Cedomilj Mijatovic, this activist explained a particular form of civil war in a speech describing how the citizens of Hartford could easily throw out an unresponsive state legislature.

Force feeding during this activist and her followers’ hunger strikes in prison led to the passing of the Cat and Mouse Act.

The author of The Importance of the Vote, this militant and oft-imprisoned British suffragette founded the Women’s Social and Political Union along with her daughter Christabel.

This person gave her "Freedom or Death" speech in Hartford, Connecticut. :Name this British suffragette, whose hunger strikes were combated with the Cat and Mouse Act.

This woman broke with her activist daughters Sylvia and Adela, who disagreed with her tactics.

This person’s strong opposition to Germany during World War I helped pass the Representation of the People Act of 1918, extending to 8.4 million people the right to vote. name this leader of the British women’s suffrage movement.

This person founded an organization with the slogan “deeds not words,” the WSPU, which supported violent tactics like arson. name this activist who with her daughter Christabel led the militant faction of the British women’s suffrage movement.

This leader founded the WSPU, whose slogan was “Deeds not Words”.

The “cat and mouse” strategy of the British suffragettes was guided by this architect of the movement in that country, the founder of the Women’s Social and Political Union.

The Historic Compromise was formed during this period of political violence from the late 1960s to the 1980s. The Red Brigades kidnapped and murdered Aldo Moro during this period.

Name commonly given to the period of political violence from 1969 to the mid-1980s?

The Mitterrand Doctrine promised no extradition for convicts who fled during this period.

An organization that formed during this period called themselves the October 22nd Group; another organization kidnapped Brigadier General James Dolzier.

Aldo Moro was kidnapped during this period, in which a train station in Bologna was bombed. name this turbulent 20th century era of Italian history.

A series of strikes demanded pay raises during the Hot Autumn of this period.

In Italy, the violent period from the late 1960s to the early 1980s is known by this name. It included a bombing of a train station in Bologna.

During this period, Mario Moretti led the kidnapping of a Christian Democrat statesman, who was later killed by the Red Brigades and found dead in a car.

Opposition to a certain leader’s “Historic Compromise” led to his kidnapping during this period. name this two decade long period of unrest in Italy that saw the kidnapping of Aldo Moro by the Red Brigades.

Because of this event, GSG 9 was created and Ahmed Bouchiki was accidentally killed in Lillehammer, Norway.

This event led to the death of Ahmed Bouchiki during a case of mistaken identity in Lillehammer.

In retaliation for this event, a Moroccan waiter was murdered in the Lillehammer affair.

In response to this event, Mossad launched Operation Wraith of God and Operation Spring of Youth.

Israel launched Operation Wrath of God to target perpetrators of this event which Abu Daoud might have planned for Black September.

Led by Lutiff Atif, the planners of this event demanded that leaders of the Red Army Faction be released.

Andre Spitzer was clubbed in view of cameras during this event.

Members of Black September committed this 1972 crisis in which 11 Israeli athletes were murdered.

The aforementioned murder was conducted by the Mossad, while this event was conducted by Black September, a Palestinian organization. name this killing of Israeli athletes at the 1972 Olympics.

Sir Anthony Berry and four others died in this event, which blew a large hole in the Grand Hotel. name this October 1984 terrorist attack that failed to kill Margaret Thatcher.

The warning “We only have to be lucky once; you will have to be lucky always” followed this event.

Victims of this event were briefly brought to the Metropole, until it was evacuated for fear of a second attack.

Despite taking place at nearly 3 AM, the target of this event was awake and uninjured, giving a scheduled speech 5 hours later.