A poem about this war describes headstones positioned “row after row with strict impunity.” The Robert Gould Shaw Memorial is discussed in a Robert Lowell poem addressed to those who died in this war.

Timothy O’Sullivan photographed The Harvest of Death during this war, during which Mathew Brady photographed many battlefields.

In one story set during this conflict, Peyton Farquhar discovers that his escape from a summary execution was a dream, and in another story set during this conflict, Henry Fleming eventually earns self-respect after falsely gaining the title mark.

The historical fiction novel The Last Full Measure by Jeff Shaara ends a trilogy about this war that began with his father’s more famous work, The Killer Angels.

Throughout this conflict, ballroom dance instructor Edward Ferrero served as a general, despite being born in Spain to Italian parents.

The musicians Stobrod and Pangle are deserters from this war in a film that focuses on the love of Ada for carpenter W.P. Inman, who enlists in it.

Jerome Connor created a tribute to the more than 600 nuns who nursed soldiers during this conflict, and Loreta Janeta Velázquez likely masqueraded as a male soldier during this conflict.

Because most of one side’s ships were illegally built in London, the victor of this conflict received damages from the British government in the Alabama claims.

Frank Lawrence Owsley’s “The Irrepressible Conflict” in I’ll Take My Stand revolved around this war.

Michael Shaara's The Killer Angels takes place during a battle in this war, a deserter from which is the subject of Charles Frazier's Cold Mountain.

Richard Kirkland’s assistance to the wounded at a battle in this war earned him the nickname “The Angel of Marye’s Height.” The Christian Commission and the Sanitary Commission were founded during this war.

Alexander Stephens and Robert Toombs served in the F losing side’s Cabinet in this war, one side of which is glorified in the “Lost Cause” school of historiography.

In a short novel, Henry Fleming overcomes his cowardice by seeking the title injury during this war. name this war, the setting of The Red Badge of Courage.

Nurses who served during this war included Dorothea Dix and a woman who founded the American Red Cross. name this war in which Clara Barton served as a nurse at battles like Fredericksburg.

One side in this conflict utilized units such as the 6th Regiment, European Brigade, in addition to receiving prisoners who fought against the Expedition of the Thousand, led by Chatham Wheat. name this conflict in which Italian immigrants fought in the Union and Confederate armies.

During his time with Ohio’s 23rd Regiment in the Civil War, this man was wounded at the Battle of South Mountain and served alongside another future president, William McKinley.

This politician told his wife “I am ashamed to say, who is Wheeler?” shortly before William Wheeler was nominated as his running mate.

After this man arbitrated for Paraguay to receive what is now sixty percent of the nation, a department in Paraguay was named in his honor.

This President chose to break the Great Railroad Strike.

This man vetoed the Bland-Allison Act in order to preserve the gold standard.

This man was elected president in 1876 in a heavily-contested race.

This man sent Federal troops to guard railway installations, breaking the Great Railroad Strike.

This president, whose wife was known as “Lemonade Lucy” for banning alcoholic beverages in the White House, won the election of 1876.

A city and department in Paraguay are named for this man because he arbitrated the end of the War of the Triple Alliance.

name this president who won election due to the Compromise of 1877.

The back-door compromise that assured him the presidency promised the effective end of Reconstruction.

A department in Paraguay is named for this President, who awarded Gran Chaco to Paraguay after the War of the Triple Alliance.

The Compromise of 1877 determined that Samuel Tilden lost the presidency to this US President who ended Reconstruction.

This president advocated for the gold standard and vetoed the Bland-Allison Act.

He was the first man to win three elections as Governor of Ohio but required a little assistance from Congress to win election to higher office. who ended Reconstruction upon becoming President after the Compromise of 1877?

This man, who served in the Senate after leaving the White House, lost support after comparing himself to Jesus Christ in his “Swing Around the Circle” speeches.

During one speech meant to honor George Washington, this politician instead accused Thaddeus Stevens of plotting to assassinate him.

This president lost support after a speaking campaign known as the Swing Around the Circle.

This politician used the line "it is not for the purpose of making speeches that I now appear before you" when beginning his speeches.

This Democrat shouted “Why don’t you hang Thad Stevens and Wendell Phillips” at a heckler during the debacle that was his “Swing Around the Circle” speaking tour.

President who was impeached during the Reconstruction Era?

He replaced Hannibal Hamlin in one office after serving as governor of Tennessee.

This president claimed that the passage of a Civil Rights Bill would be an act “against the white race.” Landowners with property valuations exceeding $20,000 were surprisingly pardoned after being barred from giving oaths of allegiance under this man’s presidency.

This man was chosen for the position of running mate on the National Union Party due to his status as a leader of the War Democrats.

The Radical Republicans impeached this President who succeeded Abraham Lincoln.

This, according to the Senate, was a violation of that Tenure of Office Act and led to his impeachment.

That leader of the Tennessee unionist movement was this man, who became president after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. His disagreements with Congress led to his impeachment.

This man was impeached for violating the Tenure of Office Act after suspending Secretary of War Edwin Stanton.

The first president to be impeached was this man who succeeded Abraham Lincoln.

This man violated the Tenure of Office Act after the attempted removal of Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, and which led to him being the first president to be impeached.

While a cadet at the United States Military Academy, this man was placed under house arrest for his role in Eggnog Riot.

Answer these questions about the presidency of Franklin Pierce, .Pierce’s Secretary of War was this Mississippian, who later served as President of the Confederacy.

This man was defeated by Henry S. Foote for the Mississippi governorship after returning from a foot wound at the Battle of Buena Vista.

After only seven months in office, this president was forced to shake-up his cabinet, firing Leroy Walker as Secretary of War and Robert Toombs as Secretary of State.

Gossip columnists reported on this man's appearance on a train with Virginia Clay, with whom he exchanged a three-year correspondence after being imprisoned with her husband, Clement, at Fort Monroe.

In 1855, this politician imported 33 camels and hired eight expert camel herders in order to create the experimental U.S. Camel Corps.

His vice president, Alexander Stephens, stated that this man’s government was founded “upon the great truth” of racial inequality.

This man, who served as Secretary of War under Franklin Pierce, assembled a group of advisers including Robert Toombs and Judah Benjamin in his highest post. name this man who resided in the Richmond White House as the Confederate president.

In contemporary political cartoons, this man was often depicted in a petticoat because of the rumor that he was captured while wearing his wife’s clothing.

As Secretary of War under Franklin Pierce, this man promoted the Gadsden Purchase of southern Arizona from Mexico.

Later, this man governed another country from Richmond. name this politician who served as president of the Confederacy.

With his wife, Varina, this person adopted the black orphan Jim Limber, who later ran away.

Command of the Army of Northern Virginia was given to Robert E. Lee by this only president of the Confederate States of America.

Alexander Stephens served as the only Vice President of this President of the Confederacy.

As Secretary of War, this person pushed for the use of camels in the American southwest (+) when horses and mules died of dehydration.

This author worked with Charles Dudley Warner on an 1873 book satirizing political corruption called The Gilded Age.

Author who wrote To the Person Sitting in Darkness criticizing the Philippine-American War

This author wrote a semi-fictional account of his travels out to the Wild West in the book Roughin’ It.

This writer’s opposition to the collection of indemnities by William Ament after the Boxer Rebellion prompted him to write an essay “To the Person Sitting in Darkness.” This author made a chronicle of a westward stagecoach journey with his brother Orion.

What American writer of travel books like Roughing It and A Tramp Abroad was both born and died in the years in which Halley's Comet was visible from Earth?

This author presented a fictionalized account of the USS Quaker City’s post-Civil War use in his travel book The Innocents Abroad.

This man's poor investments in ventures such as the Paige Compositor led to his bankruptcy, which he overcame with the help of Henry Huttleston Rogers.

Southern antebellum society inspired this author to write The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

This author, whose birth and death coincided with the arrival of Halley’s Comet, wrote about Tom Canty switching places with Prince Edward.

This man's publishing company, Charles L. Webster & Company, produced many of this man's works such as Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc. This man accurately predicted he would "go out with it" when referring to Halley's Comet as he died the day after its 1910 appearance. name this author who chronicled his travels in memoirs such as The Innocents Abroad and Roughing It.

This author of Roughing It also wrote about his early years as an apprentice to a steamboat captain in Life on the Mississippi, in which he explained the genesis of his pen name. name this author, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, famous for his Adventures of Tom Sawyer.

While mining at Angels Camp, this man was inspired to write a story about a jumping frog from Calaveras County.

This author described his time traveling the American West in his semi-autobiographical work, Roughing It.

In a novel, this author wrote about a boy who encounters the Duke and the Dauphin [[doh-FAHN]] while traveling down the Mississippi with an enslaved man named Jim.

Characters created by this author include Becky Thatcher, Widow Douglas, and the slave Jim. name this American author, who depicted life along the Mississippi River in novels such as Tom Sawyer.

This man and Emile Berliner each developed a carbon transmitter which improved on Alexander Graham Bell’s principles and was used in all subsequent pre-digital telephones.

worth golden rod to increase its latex output, this man operated a film studio called the Black Maria.

This man produced almost 1200 films including The Great Train Robbery and Frankenstein at his Black Maria [[muh-RYE-uh]] film studio.

The son-in-law of Nathaniel Hawthorne, George Lathrop, finished this man’s planned sci-fi novel titled Progress.

Two of this man's children were named "Dot" and "Dash". :Name this inventor who pioneered the phonograph and the motion picture camera. A prolific inventor, he was known as the "Wizard of Menlo Park".

While serving as head of the Naval Consulting Board during World War One, this man sought to discover a domestic source of rubber.

George Westinghouse feuded with this man, who participated in the “War of the Currents” against his former employee, Nikola Tesla.

This “Wizard of Menlo Park” was a proponent of direct current which differed from the alternating current of his rival, Nikola Tesla. name this inventor of the light bulb.

This man founded the Black Maria studio in West Orange and used the kinetoscope to shoot many early films, including one of Fred Ott sneezing.

This man may have created the world’s first industrial research lab at a site in West Orange, New Jersey.

This man organized an event to discredit a rival’s theory that involved an elephant named Topsy.

This man developed the Universal Stock Printer for a company that would become a subsidiary of his onetime employer Western Union.

This man, who had over 1,000 patents, created the Menlo Park Laboratory. name this inventor of the phonograph and incandescent light bulb.

Nicknamed the "Wizard of Menlo Park," this is this man who invented the phonograph and the first mass-market incandescent light bulb.

Often called “the Wizard of Menlo Park,” who was this prolific inventor with 1,093 patents, including one for the light bulb?

A speech given at an institution named for this man contains historical analysis of which Founding Fathers voted to restrain slavery in the territories.

This man convinced the owners of the B&O railroad that steam power was effective by demonstrating his own steam-powered locomotive, called the Tom Thumb, in a wildly successful trial in 1830.

Patents owned by this man relating to gelatin were named by his wife as “Jell-O.” At age 85, this man ran with Samuel Fenton Cary for president.

De Witt Clinton approved of an endless chain this man invented to pull boats on the Erie Canal.

At one of this man's iron mills, he created the process for puddling iron using anthracite coal.

The notable quotations of this man include his advice "give a man a gift, but do not endorse his note" and his motto that "there must be no fee paid...for education ought to be as free as air and water." His sons Edward and Abram Hewitt both became mayors of New York.

This industrialist, who was one of Field’s collaborators in the Atlantic Telegraph Company, built an innovative steam locomotive called Tom Thumb for the B&O Railroad, and founded a namesake engineering and art school in Manhattan.

Shortly before his death, this man compiled his political speeches and letters into the collection Ideas for a Science of Good Government, which strongly advocated for fiat currency and condemned usury.

At the Canton Iron Works, this man built the Tom Thumb steam locomotive for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

Abram Hewitt helped this man found an institution that offered free tuition to all students until 2014. name this man who ran in the 1876 Presidential Election with the Greenback Party, the namesake of a “Union” school in New York City.

The Greenbacks also made their debut in the election of 1876 by nominating this polymath and inventor, who patented a method of making gelatin and the first steam locomotive in the U.S.

This inventor and owner of an epic beard manufactured the first American locomotive and ran for president with the Greenback party in 1876.

He's also the namesake of a certain union set up in New York for the advancement of science.

In 1825, this inventor built the Tom Thumb, the first steam locomotive in America. In 1876, this opponent of the gold standard became the first presidential nominee of the Greenback Party. identify this founder of a long tuition- free arts and engineering school in Manhattan known as his "union."

He established an “open and free” college where Abraham Lincoln affirmed his opposition to the spread of slavery. name this industrialist, who founded a namesake “Union” in New York City.

On the day that this man said “Let us have faith that right makes might” in the Cooper Union speech, he was photographed at Mathew Brady’s studio in New York.

A 2005 biography of this president reportedly inspired Barack Obama to name Hillary Clinton as Secretary of State. name this president, the focus of Doris Kearns Goodwin’s Team of Rivals, in which he appoints men like Salmon Chase and William Seward to his Cabinet before the Civil War.

A speech by this man notes “Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away.” In that speech, this man advocated for a policy of “malice toward none with charity for all.” This man noted that a “government by the people... will not perish from this earth” in a speech that began “Four score and seven years ago...” name this President who delivered the Gettysburg Address.

Doris Kearns Goodwin wrote a work about this man’s cabinet titled Team of Rivals.

This man delivered the Peoria speech in opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

James Buchanan was succeeded as president by this man. He declared "A house divided against itself cannot stand" and delivered the Gettysburg Address.

This president’s only military service came as a militiaman in the Black Hawk War. Before becoming president, he debated Stephen A. Douglas.

At a speech at the capitol in Springfield, this man stated a “house divided against itself cannot stand.” name this Illinois politician who won the Presidential Election of 1860.

Near the start of his 2nd term, this President was assassinated while at Ford’s Theater by John Wilkes Booth. name this 16th President of the United States.

A brigade of international volunteers in the Spanish Civil War was named after this namesake of Nebraska’s capital city.

Another depiction of this man was carved by the Piccirilli brothers and designed by Daniel Chester French for his seated memorial, which is located opposite the Washington Monument. name this president, whose memorial and image are featured on the American penny.

Hank Thompson was the only person to ever throw this man, whom he fought while a soldier in the Black Hawk War.

This leader gave the "House Divided" speech, and he engaged in a series of debates with Stephen Douglas during the 1858 Senate election.

During the Civil War, this man suspended the writ of habeas corpus three times, to much controversy. :Name this man who signed the Emancipation Proclamation.

Stephen Douglas engaged in a series if debates with this man in 1856 for control of a Midwestern Senate seat.

This politician was inspired by the Quakers to appoint Ely S. Parker as his Commissioner for Indian Affairs.

During this man’s Presidency, Oakes Ames was caught overcharging the Union Pacific Railroad as part of the Credit Mobilier scandal.

This man’s Secretary of War appointed Caleb Marsh to be a trader at Fort Sill for a bribe; that man was William Belknap.

This man’s treasury secretary, Benjamin Bristow, exposed widescale bribery involving taxes on alcohol.

This man’s personal secretary, Orville Babcock, was implicated in the Whiskey Ring scandal.

While dying, this President wrote his memoirs with the assistance of Mark Twain.

As Union general-in-chief received Confederate surrender at Appomattox?

This man’s brother-in-law, Abel Corbin, provided inside information to Jay Gould and Jim Fisk as they tried to corner the gold market.

This man’s private secretary, Orville Babcock, helped St. Louis distillers create an infamous Whiskey Ring.

This man gained the nickname “unconditional surrender” after capturing Fort Donelson.

Benjamin Bristow resigned as Secretary of the Treasury after a conflict with this man’s personal secretary.

Answer some questions about controversial Secretary of War William Belknap {BELL-NAPP}. …Belknap was appointed as Secretary of War by this President, who succeeded Andrew Johnson in 1869.

The Whiskey Ring and Crédit Mobilier scandals plagued the administration of this 18th US president and prominent Civil War general.

This man accepted the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, under the command of Robert E. Lee, at Appomattox Courthouse. name this Civil War general who led the Union Army.

During this man’s re-election campaign against Horace Greeley, his opponents railed against his vice president, Schulyer Colfax, and others for taking bribes from a railroad construction company. name this U.S. president whose administration was plagued by the Whiskey Ring and Credit Mobilier [moh-beel-yay] scandals, but whose reputation as a Union general earned him re-election.

The only usage of this amendment's Section Three was against the Socialist Victor Berger, who was convicted of violating the Espionage Act.

Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote that this amendment “does not enact Mr. Herbert Spencer’s Social Statics” in the case Lochner v.

Extends the guarantee of due process and equal protection to all persons, and grants citizenship to “all persons born... in the United States.”

In explaining his support for this text, Thaddeus Stevens claimed he voted for it “because [he lived] among men and not angels." This text was originally rejected by Georgia.

A district court in Texas ruled in 2019 that male-only conscription was unconstitutional as it breached the equal protection clause of this Constitutional amendment.

John Bingham reworded one section of this amendment to remove language describing racial discrimination in favor of broader protection.

Nancy Pelosi tried to invoke a little-known section of this amendment that disqualifies people for office on the basis of insurrection.

Its fourth section refused to honor debts made by the Confederacy, and its first section notes that “[no] State shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.” The Equal Protection clause is contained in, what Reconstruction amendment that granted “all persons born [...] in the United States” citizenship?

Connecticut held that this amendment established a “right to privacy." name this Constitutional amendment that established the Equal Protection Clause.

The Supreme Court struck down restrictive covenants on the grounds that they violated the equal protection clause of this amendment to the Constitution.

The Chinese Exclusion Act led to the 1898 case United States v. Wong Kim Ark, which helped cement birthright citizenship as stated in this amendment, originally applied to freed slaves.

Ferguson created the doctrine of “separate but equal” to satisfy this amendment’s requirements. name this amendment, passed in 1868, which guaranteed due process to freed black slaves.

The Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses are found in, what second of the three reconstruction amendments that redefined citizenship.

It's not the Fifth Amendment, but this amendment’s Due Process Clause was used to apply the Bill of Rights to states.

Incorporation is typically justified by the “Equal Protection Clause” of this constitutional amendment, which was the second of three amendments passed after the end of the Civil War.

This executive order was called for in Horace Greeley’s “Prayer of Twenty Millions.” An early draft of this executive order was approved by Vice President Hannibal Hamlin.

Roughly sixth months before the issuing of this document, its author read a preliminary version to Gideon Welles and William Seward.

This document is labeled a hoax and part of an insidious scheme in Lerone Bennett Jr.’s book Forced Into Glory.

Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech opens with a reference to this policy, which had been signed “five score years ago.” This policy said a class of people should “labor faithfully for reasonable wages” and offered military service as an option.

It specifically excluded the area surrounding New Orleans and most of Tennessee. –Name this 1863 executive order that allowed for black troops and declared Confederate-owned slaves free.

According to its invocation, this ruling was “sincerely believed to be an act of justice warranted by the Constitution.” This ruling came with one hundred days’ notice and specifically exempted New Orleans and the land that was to become West Virginia.

This document specifically exempted the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth and it contained a window of three months during which targeted states could avoid its provisions.

The Thirteenth Amendment replaced this 1862 order by Abraham Lincoln issued to free slaves.

This edict was inspired by Horace Greeley’s “The Prayer of Twenty Million.” The Confiscation Act of 1861 served as a precursor to this executive order.

The preliminary version of this order was issued five days after the Battle of Antietam, and it did not apply to what would become West Virginia. name this 1863 order from Abraham Lincoln freeing all slaves in rebellious areas.

This 1863 speech freed all slaves in states under Confederate control.

The Second Confiscation Act and Militia Act preceded the issuing of this document.

Document that President Lincoln announced after the victory, pledging to free slaves in the New Year.

Horace Greeley advocated for this document in “The Prayer of Twenty Million.” A Union victory at Antietam emboldened the formulator of this document. name this executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln which freed the slaves in Confederate territory.

This document, issued after the Union victory at Antietam, only applied to civilians living in the “rebellious states” of the South.

Ely Parker was told, "I'm glad to see one real American here," at a house in this place to which Wilmer McLean had moved four years prior.

This village and national monument currently contains the Peers House, New County Jail, Sweeney Prizery, and the Bocock-Isbell House.

While residing in this village, Wilmer McLean supposedly said, “The war began in my front yard and ended in my front parlor.” :Name this village in central Virginia, where Robert E. Lee fled after losing the Siege of Petersburg.

An army aiming to retreat to North Carolina after the Battle of Five Forks was eventually trapped at this place two weeks after the Petersburg Campaign ended.

After moving to Virginia to escape the fighting, McLean moved to this three-word village where Lee’s surrender to Grant occurred inside his home.

After Petersburg fell in late March 1865, Lee fled to this building, where he made his last stand but later surrendered in April.

Henry Wise said, "There is no country," to urge an action taken at this place, which was followed by General Order No. 9 and a later meeting at Bennett Place.

Identify the following relating to courthouses in the Civil War, .This courthouse was the site of Lee’s official surrender to Grant at the end of the war.

A battle in the U.S. Civil War was fought in this namesake Virginian village before Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant met at McLean House.

A president asked the Marine band to play "Dixie" after an event at this place, where the Army of Northern Virginia was disbanded days after the capture of Richmond. in what Virginia town did Ulysses Grant accept Robert E. Lee's surrender?

Lee surrendered to Grant at the McLean House near this Virginia town, whose name includes the appellation “Court House.”

The first shots fired from this location were overseen by Abner Doubleday, while Robert Anderson commanded its defense.

Abner Doubleday called himself the "hero" of this location for firing the first return shot, which completely missed.

The unarmed Star of the West was sent to resupply this location but was promptly fired upon.

Gustavus Fox’s attempt to relieve this location failed when the Powhatan was sent to Florida without his knowledge.

The ship Baltic was assigned to bring troops to this location under the command of Gustavus Fox.

The Star of the West attempted to reinforce this location but was stopped by heavy fire from the Citadel.

Abner Doubleday ordered a cannon salvo on Cummings Point to defend this location.

PGT Beauregard’s bombardment of this location began when Robert Anderson’s Union troops refused to vacate their defenses in Charleston harbor. name this South Carolina fort whose seizure in 1861 marked the beginning of the Civil War.

Robert Anderson was forced to surrender this location to P. G. T. Beauregard.

As South Carolina’s state inspector general, Gist helped secure arms in the run-up to an 1861 attack on this Charleston fort, which began the Civil War.

Confederate general from Virginia who surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse? ANSWER: Robert E Lee (3) South Carolina fort whose siege marked the start of the war?

Batteries at Fort Moultrie prevented the Star of the West from resupplying this location.

After James Buchanan refused Francis Pickens’s order to surrender this fort, a force led by P.G.T. Beauregard began its attack. name this fort in Charleston Harbor, the site of the first battle of the Civil War.

Students at the Citadel helped besiege this harbor fort in South Carolina where the first shots of the Civil War were fired.

In December 1860, Major Anderson sought to strengthen his position here, but Pierre Beauregard ordered fire upon it. —name this Charleston, South Carolina site which saw the start of the Civil War.

Congressman Oakes Ames was implicated in a scandal in this industry involving the sale of stock in the fraudulent Credit Mobilier Company.

Monroe Heath, then the Mayor of Chicago, recruited five thousand men to suppress this industry’s 1877 “Great Strike.” Leland Stanford was a member of the “Big Four,” a group that dominated this industry west of the Mississippi.

That merger in this industry was declared an illegal monopoly in a 1904 Supreme Court case named for Hill’s Northern Securities Company.

Seven people were killed in a shootout between a company in this industry and farmers in the San Joaquin Valley during the Mussel Slough Tragedy.

John MacDonald resigned as the first Canadian Prime Minister due to bribes from this industry.

A strike of this industry in 1877 was ended when Rutherford B. Hayes sent in federal troops to put it down.

Santa Clara County’s 1886 lawsuit against a corporation of this type was relied upon by the Supreme Court in the Citizens United decision.

The completion of a project in this industry was commemorated by Leland Stanford driving in a “Golden Spike” at Promontory Point.

Eugene V. Debs led a strike against this industry's Pullman Company. name this industry, which employed thousands of workers to construct a transcontinental route.

This industry's rapid growth in 1840s Britain led to a stock bubble that was dubbed its namesake "mania," and George Hudson was nicknamed the "king of [this industry]." Early pioneers of this industry include Isambard Kingdom Brunel and George Stephenson. name this industry responsible for the "Rocket" Locomotive.

The Interstate Commerce Commission was established to regulate this industry.

George Stephenson developed the Rocket, an early version of this technology.

The Union Pacific and Central Pacific built a Transcontinental system in this transportation industry commemorated by a Golden Spike at Promontory Point.

At the time, the British were also attempting to build one of these projects to connect Cape Town to Cairo.

A golden spike in Promontory, Utah marks the completion of the first Transcontinental one of these structures. name these infrastructure projects used by trains.

This project was originally endorsed by Asa Whitney who inspired the later efforts of Theodore Judah.

This project was proposed to Congress by Asa Whitney and funded by Collis Huntington, Mark Hopkins, and the rest of the Big Four.

Stanford's company built the western portion of this project, which was finally completed with the hammering of a golden spike at Promontory, Utah.

A primary motivation behind the Gadsden Purchase was land for this project, which was finally finished at Promontory Summit, Utah, in 1869. name this project that connected the United States by train.

Acts passed in 1862 and 1863 created land grants and set a uniform gauge for these systems, one of which was finished at Promontory, Utah with a golden spike.

Prior to the U.S. Civil War, this project's most prominent advocate was Theodore Judah, who privately lobbied James Buchanan and surveyed a future route with miner Daniel Strong.

Navvies [[NAH-vees]] and coolies helped build one of these structures for Canada for which Craigellachie [[kruh-GEH-luh-kee]] was the site of the last spike.

Leland Stanford took part in an 1869 ceremony completing this project, which largely ended the use of wagon trains by providing a one-week trip through Promontory Point in Utah.

Congressman Oakes Ames was found to be laundering money from this project in the Credit Mobilier scandal.

Construction of one of these structures was led by Sandford Fleming, and the Pacific Scandal involved the building of one of these structures.

The placement of the golden spike marked the completion of this transport route at Promontory Summit. This route was created by the meeting of the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific lines.

This entity was financed by the Big Four, which included Leland Stanford.

This project was completed when Leland Stanford drove a golden spike at Promontory Summit.

The “Overland Route” was created by this projected whose completion at Promontory Point was marked with a golden spike.

The Union and Central Pacific Railroads were linked by, what railway which crossed the United States.

Half of the First Transcontinental Railroad was built by this major company which recruited many Irish immigrants to aid its westward construction from Omaha.

The only railroad in the world to use gas-turbine electric locomotives on a large scale, its early acquisitions included the Oregon Short Line and the Los Angeles & Salt Lake.

It founded Sun Valley in 1935 under W. Averell Harriman, and under Jay Gould it expanded with acquisitions such as the Kansas Pacific, though Gould's tenure left it financially unstable.

This company was chaired throughout the Franklin Roosevelt administration by the man who later lost his post as governor of New York to Nelson Rockefeller, Averell Harriman.

This entity was the respondent in a Supreme Court case which upheld Congress’s ability to levy income taxes not in proportion to state population and was brought by Brushaber.

The two railroads whose tracks were joined at Promontory were the Central Pacific, which ran from Sacramento to Utah, and this other railroad, which now connected Utah to Omaha, Nebraska.

After having a revelation while fleeing through the Black Hills, Grenville Dodge resigned from the military to join this company led by “Hub” Hoxie.

William Platt filed a lawsuit that exposed the difficulties this company encountered while selling federal land grants.

Later acquisitions, such as the Missouri Pacific, Chicago & Northwestern and Southern Pacific would greatly extend its reach.

This railroad was incorporated by an act of Congress in 1862. It was built going west from Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Its easternmost business was in Council Bluffs, Iowa, and it ultimately extended as far north as Portland.

A dubious project commissioned by this company was replaced by a rival’s Big Fill.

Still the largest firm of its kind in the U.S., this company’s directors were the driving force in the Crédit Mobilier scandal, and it started its major project at Omaha while a counterpart worked from Sacramento. name this railroad which built westward towards Promontory Point, forming a transcontinental link with the Central Pacific.

Left near bankruptcy with Credit Mobilier scandal, FTP, name this American railroad that built the eastern part of the first Transcontinental.

Company that built the transcontinental railroad with Union Pacific, whose Pacific Union Express was acquired by Wells Fargo.

The governor of California Leland Stanford was among the “Big Four,” who were the largest shareholders in this company. :Name this company which, unlike a counterpart, primarily used Chinese labor to build a project eastward from Sacramento, California, to Promontory Point, Utah.

It was founded by a group called the "Big Four" that included Crocker, Bailey, and Hopkins. FTPE:Name that railroad, built largely with Chinese labor along a route that included Dutch Flat.

This project saw the building of a vehicle known as El Gobernador.

This regional project’s chief engineer was Theodore Judah.

Connecting Ogden, Utah to Sacramento, California, name this western project that later became absorbed into the Union Pacific Railroad.

Josiah Whitney did geological studies of the Sierra Nevada’s for this railroad project.

Letters leaked by Henry Simpson McComb first exposed this company's actions to the New York Sun.

It held an inflated contract with the Union Pacific railroad. name this company at the center of an 1872 Grant administration scandal involving political graft.

This company was organized by George Train and Thomas Durant, and it began a cozy relationship with Congress following the installation of Oakes Ames as its president.

A Massachusetts congressman who took over this company noted that its shares were worth less than the price of a vote, and thus trading it could not constitute a bribe.

This event was brought to light when Henry McComb leaked incriminating letters to the Sun newspaper.

Duringthisevent,HenryWilsonclearedhisnamebyshowinghehadreturnedhiswife’sshareholdings.

One company with this name was founded by the staunchly positivist Sephardic Pereire brothers, and was accused by Marx of “trying to make Napoleon III the supreme dictator of France’s industry.” :Name this bank that made massive investments in railroad construction before going bust during the Panic of 1873. An admirer of that company, Thomas Durant, named an American bank he founded after that company.

10. Name this bad stuff that occurred during the Grant administration FTPE.Oakes Ames sold stock in this company at less than par to various Congressional officials. In 1872, it was revealed that Schuyler Colfax and James Garfield were among the stockholders.

Oakes Ames was in charge of this railroad construction company, a shell corporation formed by Union Pacific to assist in fleecing the US government.

Formed by Thomas Durant, vice-president of the Union Pacific Railroad, identify this company that gives its name to a scandal in which the company paid itself for building the transcontinental railroad.

This company names the ensuing scandal.

Three years after the completion of the railroad, a scandal broke out regarding this company involved in the Union Pacific Railroad. The scandal surrounding this company grew to include Vice President Schuyler Colfax.

The Coinage Act of 1873 occurred in the same year as this scandal, which implicated Henry Wilson, Schuyler Colfax, and James G. Blaine.

Oakes Ames, James Garfield, and Vice-President Schuyler Colfax all profited from this company's namesake scandal. name this shell company formed to allow politicians to profit from construction of the Union Pacific Railroad.

It involved Congressman Oakes Ames’ use of stock in a railroad company as bribes, and was revealed during the 1872 Presidential election. name this scandal that ended Schuyler Colfax’s political career but failed to prevent Ulysses Grant’s re-election.

Abraham Lincoln responded to one of this man’s letters by explaining “If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it,” a few weeks before issuing the Emancipation Proclamation.

This politician was nominated for president in the shortest convention in American hist ory.

This man's article "The Prayer of Twenty Million" led to Abraham Lincoln's response, "My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery." This man lost to the incumbent Ulysses S. Grant while running on the Liberal Republican ticket in the Election of 1872.

He penned a letter to Abraham Lincoln urging him to free the slaves in “The Prayer of Twenty Million.” Margaret Fuller served as an editor to one of this man’s newspapers which hired Karl Marx.

Founder of the New York Tribune whom he greatly impressed with that speech

In his last days, this man called Whitelaw Reid a "son of a bitch" and accused him of stealing his prized possession.

This author of the “Prayer of Twenty Millions” died a few weeks after he lost a Presidential election, so his 66 electoral votes were split to other candidates.

He died three weeks after losing a Presidential election to an opponent who faced the Credit Mobilier [mohb-eel-yay] and Whiskey Ring scandals. name this 1872 Liberal Republican Presidential candidate and founder of the New York Tribune.

This longtime employer of Charles Anderson Dana was attacked in a cartoon for his desire to “clasp hands over the bloody chasm” of North–South tension.

In 1872, Georgia’s electoral votes for this Liberal Republican candidate were rejected.

An early bill meant to encourage Homesteading was proposed by this New York Tribune editor who lost the 1872 general election to Ulysses S. Grant.

One of the reasons Seward lost the 1860 Republican nomination to Abraham Lincoln was the opposition of this man, the editor of the New York Tribune.

The phrase “Go west, young man!” was popularized by this editor of the New York Tribune, who lost to Ulysses Grant in the 1872 Presidential election.

This man coined the term "Go West, Young Man" at the height of the California Gold Rush. name this founder of the New York ​ Tribune. ​

name this newspaper editor who purportedly said, “go west, young man.”

Sarah Hopkins Bradford wrote two biographies of this woman, including Scenes From the Life of [this person].

In 1863, this person and James Montgomery led a successful raid on the Combahee River.

This person’s life savings were swindled by two men who claimed to have gold from a distant relative.

Escaped slave known as “Moses” who helped more than 70 people escape to the North

This woman suffered lifelong seizures after a man named Barrett struck her in the head while trying to attack a fugitive.

This woman led the forces of James Montgomery in the Raid on the Combahee Ferry during the U.S. Civil War.

This woman helped the Fifty-Fourth Massachusetts Infantry Regiment rescue hundreds of people during the Raid on Combahee Ferry.

This person, whose picture has been proposed to be added to the $20 bill, helped John Brown plan the raid on Harper’s Ferry and later became a Union spy.

In 2016, in a decision that was later put on hold, Treasury Secretary Jack Lew announced that this woman would replace Andrew Jackson on the front of the twenty-dollar bill. name this abolitionist and Underground Railroad conductor who was known as the “Moses of her People.”

Sarah Hopkins wrote “Scenes in the Life” of this woman.

While serving as a scout under James Montgomery, this woman led a successful raid on Combahee Ferry.

This person aided James Montgomery’s raids along the Combahee River.

William Lloyd Garrison nicknamed this woman “Moses” due to her numerous trips to the South. name this escaped slave who led many people to freedom through the Underground Railroad.

This woman was asked to participate in an attack on a Virginia armory by an abolitionist, but was too sick to attend. name this woman nicknamed “Moses” who “never lost a passenger” while helping slaves escape on the Underground Railroad.

William Lloyd Garrison labeled this woman “Moses” due to her abolitionist activities. name this former slave who would routinely lead slaves out of the South.

This person became known as the “Florence Nightingale of America” during the U.S. Civil War. name this founder of the American Red Cross, a nurse known as the “Angel of the Battlefield.”

Founder of the American Red Cross who became known as the "Angel of the Battlefield" for her revolutionary nursing practices.

During the Franco-Prussian war, this figure led efforts to get supplies to needy people after the Siege of Paris.

This humanitarian established a Missing Soldiers office in Gallery Place that was “lost” for over 100 years.

This person commandeered the Cambria Iron Company to create “hotels” for merchants who were then expected to pay for shelters after the Johnstown Flood; the flood produced the timber used to build this person’s retirement home in Glen Echo, Maryland.

This person met a key mentor, Frances Gage, while recovering from smallpox in a Hilton Head hospital and later returned to assist reconstruction efforts after the Sea Islands hurricane.

Known as the "Angel of the Battlefield," who is this woman who founded the American Red Cross?

This person innovated the use of corn husks to act as makeshift bandages during the Battle of Antietam.

This person learned about an organization formed in Geneva and led a similar group in Dansville, New York.

The first international office of an organization founded by this woman was established in the aftermath of the Hamidian massacre.

One of this woman's last jobs as president of the American Red Cross was leading relief efforts following the hurricane. She had earlier established the Office of Missing Soldiers.

Relief efforts in the flood’s aftermath were led by this person. This person began advocating for the creation of one organization after being introduced to Henry Dunant's book, A Memory of Solferino, during a trip to Geneva.

Benjamin Butler appointed this person as the “lady in charge” of the hospitals for the Army of the James. name this nurse who founded the American Red Cross.

After Edward Sothern expressed discontent over a role in this play, Joseph Jefferson famously said, “There are no small parts, only small actors.” Jefferson played the role of Asa Trenchard in the original run of this play that premiered in 1858.

In this play’s third act, the greedy Mrs. Mountchessington was called a “sockdologizing old man-trap,” prompting a bout of laughter from the audience. :Name this play which was performed at Ford’s Theater on April 14, 1865. One assassin used the audience’s laughter during this play to conceal the sound of his pistol.

Lincoln was shot during a performance of this comedic play by Tom Taylor. Booth used the audience’s laughter after this play’s line “you sockdologizing old man-trap” to muffle the sound of his gunfire.

In 1861, a new word was coined for large side whiskers, “dundrearies”—from Lord Dundreary, a comic character from this Tom Taylor farce, the play Abraham Lincoln was watching when he was assassinated.

A line expressing the desirability of escaping the draft was modified in a performance of this play in 1865 in Washington, D.C. Written by English playwright, Tom Taylor, this play’s best known performance was interrupted by the cry, “Sic semper tyrannis!” what play was on stage when Lincoln was assassinated?

A popular history non -fiction book about this event by novelist Dee Brown is titled Bury My Heart at this event’s location.

During this event, James Forsyth’s American soldiers opened fire on residents at the Pine Ridge Reservation. name this infamous 1890 massacre of the Lakota tribe.

The day after this event, James Forsyth was attacked in the Bloody Pocket during the Drexel Mission Fight.

Name these events in military-Native American relations, .An 1890 massacre at this South Dakota site was the culmination of the Ghost Dance movement, and it was also the site of a 1973 action by the American Indian Movement.

The AIM participated in an occupation of this town in 1973, the site of an earlier massacre of Lakota Indians by US Cavalry forces in 1890.

James Forsyth’s men perpetrated this event, which was stoked by fears that Wovoka’s “ghost dance” movement meant imminent attack.

James Forsyth’s men initiated this event that began when soldiers attempted to take the rifle of the deaf Black Coyote.

In the prelude to this event, the deaf Black Coyote did not understand the order to hand over his rifle.

This event was p erpetrated with the help of four Hotchkiss machine guns by Colonel James (+) Forsyth.

This battle featured Nathan Bedford Forrest’s cavalry charge at the Fallen Timbers.

Ambrose Bierce described “What I Saw of [this battle]” in an 1874 short story.

Answer these questions about a Civil War battle, FTP each:What inconclusive April 1862 battle fought near the town of Pittsburgh Landing saw the death of Confederate general A.S. Johnston and the subsequent retreat of the Confederate troops to Corinth?

Beauregard was the other confederate commander at this 1862 battle in Tennessee that claimed the life of A.S. Johnston, and saw Union troops under Grant and Buell triumph after fierce fighting around the "Hornet's Nest."

After facing heavy casualties on one day during this battle, the Union commander said “Lick em’ tomorrow, though.” Albert Sidney Johnston was killed during this battle, in which Union forces defended an encampment called Pittsburg Landing. name this 1862 Civil War victory for Grant in Tennessee.

Albert Sidney Johnston was killed at this battle, in which heavy fighting took place at the Hornet’s Nest.

Cutting off the Memphis and Charleston Railroad was a central goal of this April 1862 Civil War battle in Tennessee.

Major Union victory in Tennessee in which Garfield participated and Albert Sidney Johnston was killed.

Albert Sidney Johnston was killed early in this battle as his troops attacked the Hornet’s Nest in an attempt to push Union forces away from Pittsburgh Landing. name this 1862 victory in Tennessee for Ulysses S. Grant.

Historians at Columbia created the Dunning School to study this period, which was called "America's Unfinished Revolution" by Eric Foner.

Preceding period of national repair and re-incorporation of the South following the Civil War.

Hayes ended this policy in the South after the Compromise of 1877. This namesake era began in response to the devastation the Civil War caused to the South.

A school of historiographical thought named for Columbia professor William Archibald Dunning was accused of taking "white supremacist" stances on this time period, leading to a direct refutation by W.E.B. Du Bois [[doo-BOYSS]] in his book Black [this era].

The Wade-Davis Bill was pocket vetoed at the beginning of this period by a president who aimed to follow the ten percent plan.

The Brooks-Baxter War took place in this period following the Civil War. This period was ended by the Compromise of 1877.

During this period, Oliver Howard led an organization that helped refugees and displaced persons known as the Freedman’s Bureau.

The election of Rutherford B. Hayes and the Compromise of 1877 ended this era in which the South was re-incorporated into the United States after the Civil War.

The Freedmen’s Bureau operated during this period of American history immediately after the Civil War.

That criminal was this man’s frequent target, Tammany Hall’s Boss Tweed. name this man noted for his satirical cartoons, which saw the first usages of the Republican elephant and Democratic donkey.

One of this man’s works shows children about to be attacked by Catholic bishops who resemble crocodiles.

While on a trip to England, this man was convinced by a letter from Josh Billings to join James Redpath’s Lyceum Bureau, where he would give “chalk talks.” It’s not Mark Twain, but this man’s time in the Player’s Club introduced him to his biographer Albert Paine.

One work by this political cartoonist depicts members of the Tammany Hall political machine dropping children into a river infested with crocodiles resembling Catholic bishops. :Name this man employed by Harper's Weekly whose works led to the fall of Boss Tweed.

Politician cartoonist who frequently satirized the Tammany Hall machine and created the GOP’s elephant symbol.

Harper's Weekly cartoonist who depicted it as a tiger killing democracy.

Lincoln called his work the best recruiting tool of the Civil War, and this man’s depiction of the Americus Fire Company as a rapacious tiger helped to bring down Boss Tweed. name this Harper’s illustrator who invented the party symbolism of the elephant and donkey.

Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall’s corruption was exposed in the New York Times by this “Father of the American Cartoon.”

This cartoonist for Harper’s Weekly was famous for his depictions of Tweed, in addition to drawing the modern depiction of Santa Claus, the Democratic donkey and the Republican elephant.

Levin Handy took over the business of this man, who died penniless at a New York hospital.

Most of this man’s work was done by assistants like Alex Gardner and Timothy Sullivan, this man was almost killed in the line of fire at Petersburg.

Special end tables were named for this man's "Stands," which featured cast iron bases and an extendible pipe leg.

This man’s namesake stand was a cast iron base used to keep his subject still.

William Page trained this man, who created the Gallery of Illustrious Americans.

This man shocked contemporary audiences with his realistic depiction of corpses in works like The Dead at Antietam. name this photographer of the Civil War.

This man, who depicted an elderly Andrew Jackson at his estate and created portraits of Edgar Allan Poe, used the albumen print technique after originally working with daguerreotypes.

Alexander Gardner and Timothy O'Sullivan worked as assistants for this man, who produced works like The Dead of Antietam. name this Civil War photographer.

This man was able to capture photos of the carnage at Bloody Lane, and the face-side of the penny coin was lifted from a portrait this man took of Abraham Lincoln. name this eminent American photographer of the Civil War.

This artist’s painting of Francis Barlow and the title people at the Siege of Petersburg was based off drawings and engravings completed while serving as a correspondent for Harper’s Weekly.

During Reconstruction, this artist painted a former family of enslaved people giving a chilly greeting to a former plantation resident in A Visit from the Old Mistress.

This artist, who showed four Confederate soldiers in Prisoners From the Front, began painting more seascapes when he moved to Maine.

artist inspired by Cape Cod to paint the seascape Breezing Up?

A line of young boys play the title game in front of a red building in this artist’s Snap the Whip. name this American painter who showed a black man in a damaged boat surrounded by sharks in The Gulf Stream.

This painter depicted General Francis Barlow in a scene including surrendering Confederate officers, Prisoners from the Front.

This organization was damaged after Madge Oberholtzer was kidnapped and tortured by D.C. Stephenson.

This organization’s popularity declined after one of its leaders, DC Stephenson, was found guilty of the murder of Madge Oberholtzer.

Membership in this group swelled after the Knights of Mary Phagan formed to murder Leo Frank.

Elizabeth Tyler owned and operated a newspaper for this organization called The Searchlight, which ran articles written by Edward Young Clarke.

Founded by Nathan Bedford Forrest, this group experienced a revival after it was glorified in D.W. Griffith’s film The Birth of a Nation. name this American white supremacist group.

A revival of this group at Stone Mountain took place after it was depicted suppressing voters in D. W. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation.

Edward Jackson was elected governor of Indiana when over 30 percent of eligible males belonged to this organization, which also counted Supreme Court justice and Alabama senator Hugo Black among its members.

Nathan Bedford Forrest founded this organization and was its first Grand Wizard. name this white supremacist group known for burning crosses and wearing white sheets.

This organization was led by Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest who was its first Grand Wizard. name this white supremacy group known for burning crosses while wearing white hoods.

The first message transmitted using this invention in the United States was “What hath God wrought” from the Book of Numbers. :Name this invention that uses dots and dashes to transmit signals over long distances. It was originally invented by Cooke and Wheatstone in Great Britain in the 1830s.

In England, an early use of this invention was credited with “hanging John Tawell,” and it only became popular after it was brought to Slough by William F. Cooke and Charles Wheatstone.

This invention was expanded to global scale by the crew of the Great Eastern as part of an endeavor financed by Cyrus West Field.

One of López’ saner endeavors was installing the first example of this device in South America. Samuel Morse famously sent the message “What hath God wrought” while demonstrating this machine.

Newspapers were able to quickly publish sensational Civil War stories thanks to this invention. Soldiers used Morse code on this invention to communicate across the battlefield.

In the United States, the company that monopolized this invention was founded by Ezra Cornell and later went on to popularize the stock ticker.

This invention was used to promise a return of Arizona and Texas to Mexican control when it was operated by Arthur Zimmerman during World War I. The subject of the book The Victorian Internet, name this invention popularized by Samuel Morse.

During the election of 1884, a mob threatened Gould to not manipulate the use of this technology. Samuel Morse invented a system for sending messages using this technology.

This faction tabled the harsh Wade-Davis Bill in contrast to the lenient Ten-Percent plan of the president.

One of the leaders of this political movement introduced the Joint Committee of Fifteen, whose members included John Bingham and chair William Fessenden.

The Dunning School demonized a branch of the Republican party this took on this alliterative moniker, for botching Reconstruction by advocating for civil rights.

This movement, which was heavily criticized by the Dunning School, lobbied for passage of the Wade-Davis Bill and worked with “Scalawags” to expand their influence.

Group of Republicans who pushed for civil rights for former slaves and the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.

Thaddeus Stevens led this Reconstruction-era political faction that tried to impeach Andrew Johnson.

Johnson frequently clashed with this group of politicians led by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner. This group denounced Lincoln’s Reconstruction plans as too lenient.

During and after the Civil War, this “radical” group advocated emancipating the slaves and equality for freedmen.

Led by men like Charles Sumner and John C. Fremont, this faction pushed for harsh treatment of secessionists. name this post Civil War faction of Republicans that refused to compromise on their values.

The assassin Charles Guiteau was a supporter of this Republican Party faction which favored the spoils system.

The leader of this political faction was the last individual who, after being confirmed, refused a seat on the Supreme Court.

A man from this group fought with Rutherford Hayes after Hayes fired the collector of the New York Customs House, Chester Arthur.

Members of this faction were behind the huge assessment of a shipment to Phelps, Dodge, and Company that produced a $135,000 benefit in the "moiety [[MOY-eh-tee]] system." The leader of this faction died while on a hopeless foot trek through Manhattan during the blizzard of 1888.

Roscoe Conkling was a member of this faction which was opposed to the Half-Breeds.

This faction of the Republican Party supported Grant and championed the spoils system. Charles Guiteau was a self-proclaimed member of this faction, which opposed the Half-Breeds.

This group’s Thomas Platt encouraged Ulysses S. Grant to run for a third term.

Roscoe Conkling served as leader of this group, which fought to prevent the breakup of the spoils system. name this Republican group based in New York whose rival faction was the Half-Breeds.

Arthur’s introduction of civil service reform angered many in this faction of the Republican Party, of which he was a part. This faction was led by Roscoe Conkling and opposed by the Half-Breeds.

This man who led Union troops at the Battle of Antietam was relieved of his duties afterward and went on to run against Lincoln in the 1864 presidential election.

Former general he soundly defeated in the Election of 1864

Leader of the Army of the Potomac whose dislike of Lincoln became a political campaign in 1864.

Alexander Gardner also photographed Abraham Lincoln meeting with this Union general after the Battle of Antietam.

After his dismissal, this general became the Northern Democrat candidate in the Election of 1864. name this general who mustered and led the Army of the Potomac.

This man was the Union commander at the Battle of Antietam. The Battle of Williamsburg and the Seven Days Battles were part of his Peninsular Campaign.

A political cartoon of this man depicts him urging his soldiers to fight while sitting on the mast of a boat with a telescope.