The 1648 Codex

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36 terms · 491 ladder clues · every clue is a real line from national play.

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#78 · Physical Geographic Features · Level 1

Persian Gulf War

Persian Gulf War
US Air Force · Public domain

1991 U.S.-led military conflict · 1991 · Kuwait and Iraq

Persian Gulf War was the 1991 conflict in which a U.S.-led coalition expelled Iraqi forces from Kuwait through Operation Desert Storm.

The kit

  • Cause — Persian Gulf War began when Iraq invaded Kuwait over disputes about the Rumaila oil field and sought to capture Jaber al-Sabah from Dasman Palace.
  • Military operations — Persian Gulf War featured Norman Schwarzkopf commanding coalition forces to victory in less than five days of ground combat after Chuck Horner's air campaign.
  • Highway of Death — Persian Gulf War saw Iraqi Republican Guard forces destroyed while retreating to Basra on Highway 80, which became known as the Highway of Death.
  • Aftermath — Persian Gulf War left a legacy of Gulf War Syndrome among U.S. veterans, possibly caused by depleted uranium or Pyridostigmine Bromide exposure.

Runs with

Norman Schwarzkopf
commanded American coalition forces to victory open card →
Saddam Hussein
led Iraq and promised 'the mother of all battles' open card →
Iraq
invaded Kuwait and was expelled by coalition forces open card →
Israel

The ladder · 15 clues

H

Jean Baudrillard [[bo-dree-YAHRD]] wrote a thesis claiming that this conflict did not take place.

H

This war was the subject of a controversy in which members of the 1st Mechanized Infantry Division used bulldozers to clear out fortified lines by burying enemy troops alive.

H

A mysterious syndrome named for this war that affected U.S. troops may have been caused by the usage of depleted uranium.

H

In this war, the Republican Guard was destroyed on the Highway of Death while retreating to Basra.

H

In this war, a Scud missile attack on the barracks at Dhahran killed 28 American soldiers.

H

The initial invasion of this war may have sought to capture Jaber al-Sabah from Dasman Palace, but he fled and ruled in exile from a Saudi Arabian hotel room.

H

Exposure to the chemical Pyridostigmine [["pie"-rih-doh-STIG-meen]] Bromide led to this war's namesake "syndrome," a debilitating chronic illness common among U.S. veterans.

M

The losing country’s leader promised “the mother of all battles” in this war, which featured Americans bombing a convoy on the Highway of Death.

M

The losing side in this war burned over 700 oil wells as it retreated.

M

This conflict featured the bombing of Highway 80 as the losing side retreated, leading that road to be called the Highway of Death. 700 oil wells were burnt as the losing side fell back in this conflict.

M

It began over disputes about the Rumaila oil field.

M

The invading side in this war was led by Norman Schwarzkopf, who secured victory in less than 5 days.

E

Operation Desert Storm was a part of this 1991 conflict started by coalition forces to expel Iraq from Kuwait.

E

Norman Schwarzkopf commanded American forces during this war.

E

Chuck Horner commanded troops in this war before the arrival of Norman Schwarzkopf. name this war in which Operation Desert Storm reacted to Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait.

10 more clues from the record
H

A fifteen-year-old girl named Nayirah testified that one side in this war removed babies from hospital incubators.

H

This war included the Battle of Khafji, and one side’s army during it was commanded by Khalid bin Sultan.

H

The air campaign in this conflict was led by Chuck Horner, which led to a victory at The Battle of Khafji.

H

During this war, the 18th Mechanized Brigade was wiped out in minutes because of a decisive assault and poor visibility conditions in the Battle of 73 Easting.

H

This operation was the last that the USS Missouri fought in before its retirement, and it was declared to have lasted exactly 100 hours.

H

An important action early in this war was the use of air strikes to drive back an attack on the city of Khafji.

H

A controversial moment in this war was American troops using bulldozers to bury enemy defenders alive.

H

The end of this war's hostilities have partially been attributed to photos released of the Highway of Death.

H

Senegal lost the second highest amount of combatants in a coalition during this war due to a helicopter crash.

H

The first major battle of this war was a failed attempt to capture and hold the city of Khafji.

Watch out: Iraq War (2003 invasion), a separate conflict also involving Iraq and U.S. forces
#103 · Subnational Regions, Provinces, and Territories · Level 1

Florida

Florida
Unknown author Unknown author · Public domain

U.S. state · 1513–present · Southeastern United States

Florida is a southeastern U.S. state acquired from Spain in 1819 and site of the Seminole Wars.

The kit

  • Early exploration — Florida was first officially explored by Europeans when Ponce de León visited in 1513 searching for the Fountain of Youth.
  • Spanish to American control — Florida changed hands from Spanish to U.S. control through the 1819 Adams-Onís Treaty that ceded the territory.
  • Seminole conflicts — Florida was the site of the Seminole Wars and the Dade Massacre, where Native Americans resisted forced removal.
  • Racial violence — Florida experienced the 1920 Ocoee massacre where whites killed over 50 African Americans on Election Day and the 1980 Arthur McDuffie beating death.

Runs with

Seminole people
fought Seminole Wars in Florida; confined by Treaty of Moultrie Creek 1823 open card →
Georgia
borders Florida; both involved in southeastern Indian conflicts open card →
Andrew Jackson
John Quincy Adams
Adams-Onís Treaty acquired Florida for United States in 1819 open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

Republicans operatives were flown into this state to cause the Brooks Brothers Riot.

H

In 1980, police in this state altered a crime scene after beating Arthur McDuffie to death.

H

This state was home to the Huguenot controlled Fort Caroline.

H

A city in this state is home to the banking neighborhood of Brickell, named for the city’s co-founder.

H

On Election Day 1920 in this state’s town of Ocoee, whites killed over 50 African Americans and drove out the rest of the black population.

H

In 1968, a consolidation process in this state’s Duval County created what was briefly the largest city by land area in the US.

H

In this modern state, Gaspard de Coligny created a short-lived safe haven in the New World for Huguenots known as Fort Caroline.

M

A tribe in this state was confined to a reservation by the Treaty of Moultrie Creek in 1823.

M

This state changed hands from Spanish to U.S. control through the 1819 Adams-Onis Treaty. name this southern state first officially A explored by Europeans when visited in 1513 by Ponce de Leon.

M

This state is home to the historical black community Eatonville, which is named for Josiah C. Eaton.

M

The oldest continuously inhabited settlement in the U.S. is in this state.

M

The Treaty of Payne’s Landing forced Native Americans to leave this state’s land, which was ceded to the US through the Adams-Onís Treaty with Spain.

E

The Seminole War occurred in, what state that contains cities like Tallahassee and Miami.

E

The Adam-Onis Treaty acquired the land that became this state for the United States.

E

The Seminole Wars were fought in, what southern U.S. state where the Spanish founded St. Augustine on the peninsula and Pensacola on the panhandle?

10 more clues from the record
H

In this modern-day state, a colonial leader was killed trying to establish a settlement near Charlotte Harbor, after he was hit by a poisoned arrow from a Calusa warrior.

H

Fulwar Skipwith was the only governor of a short lived Republic set up after a rebellion in the Western part of this state in 1810.

H

This present day state was where Dr. Andrew Turnbull established the disease-ridden colony of New Smyrna.

H

This state's Johns Committee published an anti-homosexual booklet known as the "Purple Pamphlet".

H

Ponce de Leon searched for the Fountain of Youth in the land that is now this US state. The Narvaez (nar-VAI-ez) expedition landed near this state’s present-day city of Tampa.

H

Civil War battles in this state include the Battle of Natural Bridge, the Battle of Marianna, and the Battle of Olustee.

H

This state was the site of the Dade Massacre, and one leader in this state was killed when a false flag trick was tried by General Thomas Jesup.

H

Answer the following about the Adams-Onís treaty, :It ceded this modern-day state to the US from Spain. The Seminoles lived in this state

H

This state was successfully defended by Mark Prevost in the Battle of Thomas Creek and the Battle of Alligator Bridge.

H

According to legend, the leader of a Native American tribe from this state rejected a treaty proposal by stabbing it with a knife.

Watch out: Georgia—both southeastern states involved in Seminole conflicts and Indian removal
#156 · US Congressional Figures · Level 1

George H. W. Bush

George H. W. Bush
bdi David Valdez /span /a · Public domain

41st U.S. President · presidency 1989–1993 · United States

George H. W. Bush was the 41st U.S. President who served one term from 1989 to 1993 after serving as Ronald Reagan's Vice President.

The kit

  • Rise — George H. W. Bush defeated Michael Dukakis in the 1988 presidential election using the Willie Horton ad attacking his opponent's furlough program.
  • Achievements — George H. W. Bush ordered Operation Just Cause to overthrow Manuel Noriega and restore Guillermo Endara to power in Panama.
  • Achievements — George H. W. Bush promoted volunteerism in his "thousand points of light" speech comparing volunteer organizations to stars spread across the nation.
  • Death & succession — George H. W. Bush lost his 1992 reelection bid to Bill Clinton after breaking his "read my lips: no new taxes" pledge.

Runs with

Ronald Reagan
served as Reagan's Vice President after calling supply-side economics "voodoo economics" in 1980 primary open card →
Bill Clinton
lost 1992 reelection to Clinton after breaking tax pledge open card →
China
George
father of George W. Bush, 43rd president open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

Told voters to “read [his] lips...no new taxes” before losing to Bill Clinton in 1992.

H

This president implemented Carla Hills's recommendation to end reprisal tariffs on Japan.

H

He promoted volunteerism with his “thousand points of light” speech and defeated a Democratic opponent with an ad featuring escaped convict Willie Horton.

H

This politician attacked his opponent’s support for weekend furlough passes in the Willie Horton ad.

H

This U.S. president, the former vice-president of Ronald Reagan, concluded the START I and II treaties with Mikhail Gorbachev.

H

Dukakis lost the election to this vice president under Ronald Reagan, whose son would later win the 2000 presidential election. He lost to Bill Clinton in 1992.

H

This man claimed to have “Big Mo” on his side during his first presidential run.

M

Geronimo’s skull may have been stolen by Prescott, a politician from this family, whose son was accused of being “born with a silver foot in his mouth” by Ann Richards.

M

During Reagan’s first Presidential campaign, this primary opponent called Reagan’s supply-side economic policies “voodoo economics.” That didn’t hinder this man’s career; he served as Reagan’s Vice President and succeeded him as President.

M

He ordered a military intervention to restore Guillermo Endara to power as part of Operation Just Cause, overthrowing Manuel Noriega.

M

A president with this last name attacked Michael Dukakis (du-KAH-kiss) in the "Revolving Door" and "Willie Horton" ads. This was the last name of two presidents named George.

M

“Read my lips: no new taxes” was a gaffe by this 41st US President that would cost him in his reelection campaign against Bill Clinton. His son later became president.

E

This man lost a tennis match to Emperor Akihito hours before vomiting on the lap of the Japanese Prime Minister. name this President whose many political gaffes contributed to his 1992 loss to Bill Clinton.

E

Peggy Noonan and Craig Smith wrote a speech for this man that compared volunteering organizations to “a brilliant diversity spread like stars.” Lee Atwater aided this man in attacking an opponent with the “Revolving DDoor” ad during the 1988 Presidential Election, in which this man read the “Thousand Points of Light” speech. name this 41st U.S. president who said, “Read my lips: No new taxes.”

E

This man’s re-election bid was hampered by the failed pledge, “Read my lips: no new taxes.” name this 41st U.S. President who defeated Michael Dukakis in 1988 and fathered the 43rd U.S. President.

10 more clues from the record
H

Michael Dukakis was defeated in the election by this former Vice President under Reagan, and father of a president who won the 2000 election against Al Gore.

H

Andrew Rosenthal claimed this man had been awe-struck by an electronic grocery scanner in an article showing he was out of touch with the middle-class.

H

After refusing to debate an opponent, this man’s speeches were heckled by a man in a chicken suit who was accompanied by “Colonel James Baker III” who would translate his chicken noises.

H

Under the administration of a politician with this name, John Yoo authored a set of legal "torture memos" to justify enhanced interrogation of terrorists.

H

This President responded to the “Capitol Crawl” by signing a civil rights law that required reasonable accommodations in the workplace.

H

This politician’s inability to communicate with China’s U.N. delegation led to the selection of Kurt Waldheim as Secretary-General in 1971.

H

In another ad, this man listed his opponent’s opposition to military bills while his opponent rode in a tank.

H

One speech by this man provoked satire and reference to “blight”-ed communities.

H

This man coined a term describing organizations like “the Knights of Columbus, the Grange, Hadassah,” that have a “brilliant diversity spread like stars.” A speech conceding the presidential nomination to this man proclaimed “a cultural war… for the soul of America” and asked the speaker’s namesake “brigades” to support this man.

H

Answer this bonus about the unique 27th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. …The 27th Amendment passed in May, 1992, during the final year of this man’s Presidency. This man served as Vice-President under Ronald Reagan and is the last one term President as of 2018.

Watch out: Father George H. W. Bush (41st president) confused with son George W. Bush (43rd president)
#265 · US Presidents · Level 1

Bill Clinton

Bill Clinton
Bob McNeely, The White House sup id="cite_ref-1" [ /span 1 ] · Public domain

42nd U.S. President · 1993–2001 · United States

Bill Clinton was the 42nd U.S. President, impeached in 1998 for perjury related to the Monica Lewinsky affair.

The kit

  • Rise — Bill Clinton served as the 40th and 42nd governor of Arkansas before winning two presidential elections with less than 50% of the popular vote.
  • Achievements — Bill Clinton signed NAFTA into law in 1994 and enacted the Brady Bill mandating background checks on firearms purchases.
  • Conflicts — Bill Clinton was impeached in 1998 after denying sexual relations with White House intern Monica Lewinsky, with a blue dress among the perjury evidence.
  • Legacy — Bill Clinton repealed the Glass-Steagall Act and introduced the Don't Ask Don't Tell policy in the U.S. military.

Runs with

Arkansas
served as governor and faced Fort Chaffee Cuban refugee incident open card →
the Presidency
served as 42nd president from 1993 to 2001 open card →
George H. W. Bush
White House
fired travel office members in Travelgate scandal open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

His administration oversaw the introduction of the Don’t Ask Don’t Tell Policy in the United States military.

H

As governor, this man was criticized for overseeing the execution of mentally impaired inmate Ricky Ray Rector.

H

This man and the McDougals were investigated for suspicious real estate investments as part of the Whitewater scandal.

H

One of this man’s early Presidential acts was signing the Family and Medical Leave Act.

H

This president was the first to be born after the end of World War II.

H

This president repealed the Glass-Steagall Act, citing it was "no longer appropriate." This president signed a law mandating background checks on firearms purchases, the Brady Bill, and dealt with "Troopergate" when several officers from his home state alleged they had arranged romantic liaisons for him.

H

One of this man’s failed investments led to Jim and Susan McDougal being investigated by independent counsel Kenneth Starr.

M

Which U.S. President was investigated for his role in the Whitewater scandal and for an affair with Monica Lewinsky?

M

An affair with Monica Lewinsky nearly destroyed the career of this Democratic president who was impeached in 1998.

M

The U.S., Mexico, and Canada signed the trade agreement NAFTA during his first term in 1994. name this president who was impeached for his affair with intern Monica Lewinsky.

M

Toni Morrison referred to this man as the “first black President” in reference to his saxophone performance on the Arsenio Hall Show.

M

Tipper Gore helped this man campaign for reform with a sixteen-bus caravan called the Health Security Express. name this Democrat who served as the 40th and 42nd governor of Arkansas.

E

NAFTA was signed into law by this man who was the target of the most recent presidential impeachment. name this president who was succeeded by George W. Bush.

E

This man was attacked for his involvement in the “travelgate” and “Whitewater” scandals. name this former Arkansas governor who was inaugurated as president in 1993.

E

A blue dress was among the evidence used to charge this man of perjury after he denied having sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky. name this president who was the target of a failed impeachment campaign in the 1990s.

10 more clues from the record
H

He was mocked for giving an overly long nomination speech for Michael Dukakis at the 1988 Democratic National Convention.

H

This politician, the subject of Linda Tripp's recorded phone calls, was asked the meaning of the word "is" during a hearing.

H

This man’s Deputy White House Counsel, Vince Foster, committed suicide in the aftermath of the Travelgate scandal.

H

This five-term governor of Arkansas won two Presidential elections with less than 50% of the popular vote due to competition by third-party candidate Ross Perot.

H

While governor, this man faced an incident in which his state’s Fort Chaffee lost a group of Cuban refugees from the Mariel boatlift.

H

This man fired members of the White House travel office, possibly a reason for Vince Foster’s suicide.

H

He performed “Heartbreak Hotel” and “God Bless the Child” on the Arsenio Hall Show, and used Fleetwood Mac’s “Don’t Stop (Thinking About Tomorrow)” as his campaign song.

H

This politician launched Operation Restore Hope in an attempt to aid Somalia but the operation ended in failure when army rangers engaged in a firefight in Mogadishu.

H

The infamous “Harry and Louise” television advertisement opposed a failed proposal by this man and showed an elderly couple despairing over a complex new system.

H

Linda Tripp leaked intimate phone calls between a White House intern and this man, leading to perjury charges and an impeachment trial.

#268 · US Presidents · Level 1

George W. Bush

George W. Bush
bdi Eric Draper /span /a · Public domain

43rd U.S. President · 2001–2009 · United States

George W. Bush was the 43rd U.S. President who led America during the 9/11 attacks and launched the War on Terror.

The kit

  • Rise — George W. Bush defeated Ann Richards in 1995 with help from Karl Rove and won the presidency after a Supreme Court-ended Florida recount.
  • War on Terror — George W. Bush coined the term "axis of evil" in his 2002 State of the Union address and authorized invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan.
  • Domestic policy — George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act and expanded Medicare with prescription drug coverage known as Part D.
  • Legacy — George W. Bush was reading The Pet Goat to schoolchildren when informed of the second plane hitting the Twin Towers on 9/11.

Runs with

Iraq
authorized the 2003 invasion during Operation Iraqi Freedom open card →
the Presidency
served as 43rd president, 2001–2009 open card →
Texas
defeated Ann Richards as Texas governor in 1995 open card →
2000 United States Presidential Election
won after Supreme Court ended Florida recount open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

This man coined the term “axis of evil” to describe targets of the War on Terror.

H

This president devised the No Child Left Behind Act.

H

Al-Zaidi threw his shoes at this President. This man served from 2001-2009, and was succeeded by Barack Obama.

H

This leader gave a controversial speech aboard the USSAbraham Lincoln, claiming "Mission Accomplished" six weeks into an eight-year-long war.

H

As president, this man signed an expansion of Medicare for prescription drugs into law, known as Part D. This man’s first attorney general was appointed after losing a Senate election to a dead opponent in Missouri.

H

This man declared, "I can hear you" when speaking to first responders while standing next to a fireman with a bull horn. name this US president from Texas who faced 9/11.

H

This man also landed on the USS Abraham Lincoln and gave the “Mission Accomplished” speech, despite the fact that the Iraq War was still being fought.

M

This man was mocked for giving a speech under a banner reading “Mission Accomplished.” During a State of the Union address, this man denounced an “axis of evil.” name this president during the 9/11 terrorist attacks.

M

This president controversially dismissed eight U.S. attorneys, which led to Attorney General Alberto Gonzales resigning.

M

This President, in an attempt to strengthen the education system, created the No Child Left Behind program.

M

Answer the following about the “Axis of Evil,” .The phrase “Axis of Evil” was coined by this US President in the 2002 State of the Union address, given just months after the 9/11 attacks.

M

His lawyers Jay Bybee and John Yoo defended the legality of “enhanced interrogation” in the “Torture Memos.” His namesake pro-interventionist “doctrine” emerged from a State of the Union in which he attacked a so-called “Axis of Evil.” what U.S. president presided over the 2003 invasion of Iraq?

E

This man won the state of Florida by 537 votes after the Supreme Court ended a recount. name this man who defeated Al Gore in the Election of 2000.

E

The 9/11 attacks took place under this 43rd President of the United States.

E

The Plame Affair occurred during the administration of this 43rd President, who authorized the invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan during the War on Terror in the first decade of the 2000s.

10 more clues from the record
H

Those documents, which featured Lieutenant Colonel Jerry Killian complaining about this man receiving preferential treatment, were later repudiated by Dan Rather.

H

This person nominated Harriet Miers to the Supreme Court, and under his administration, Scooter Libby was implicated in the Valerie Plame Affair.

H

While reading The Pet Goat to schoolchildren, this man was informed that a second plane had hit the Twin Towers.

H

A scandal involving documents supposedly about this politician led to the firing of Mary Mapes.

H

This man founded PEPFAR, a five-year strategy for global emergency AIDS relief.

H

During this man’s administration, the FBI gained the authority to search emails due to the Patriot Act.

H

Charles Krauthammer defined a doctrine named for this politician in the wake of withdrawing from the ABM treaty.

H

In a 1995 election, this politician defeated Ann Richards with the help of Karl Rove.

H

U.S. president born there who was in office during Operation Iraqi Freedom.

H

This leader gathered support for Operation Enduring Freedom in a speech denouncing a new “axis of evil.” While speaking on the USS Abraham Lincoln, this leader infamously stood in front of a “Mission Accomplished” banner.

Watch out: The "Mission Accomplished" banner speech occurred six weeks into the Iraq War, which lasted eight years total
#269 · US Presidents · Level 1

Barack Obama

Barack Obama
Official White House Photo by Pete Souza · Public domain

44th U.S. President · 2009–2017 · United States

Barack Obama was the first African-American president of the United States, serving from 2009 to 2017.

The kit

  • Rise — Barack Obama defeated John McCain in 2008 with slogans like "Yes We Can" and won re-election against Mitt Romney in 2012.
  • Achievements — Barack Obama signed the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, the Dodd-Frank Act establishing the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, and repealed Don't Ask, Don't Tell.
  • Achievements — Barack Obama nominated Elena Kagan to the Supreme Court after John Paul Stevens stepped down and signed the Matthew Shepard Hate Crimes Prevention Act.
  • Legacy — Barack Obama appeared in popular media including Key and Peele sketches with Luther his "anger translator" and recorded skits with Vice President Joe Biden.

Runs with

Joe Hill
no connection evident in clues open card →
Chicago
taught law at University of Chicago in Kenwood neighborhood open card →
John McCain
defeated McCain in 2008 presidential election; co-sponsored bill creating USAspending.gov open card →
Joe Biden
served as his vice president and recorded White House sketches together open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

Other major statutes passed under this president include the Ledbetter Fair Pay Act and a repeal of the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy.

H

The attempted sale of this man’s vacated Senate seat led to the resignation of governor Rod Blagojevich [blah-GOY-ah-vich].

H

This politician’s two Portuguese Water Dogs are named Bo and Sunny. name this politician, the first African-American Editor-in-Chief of the Harvard Law Review, who defeated Mitt Romney for re-election in 2012.

H

Partially fueled by slogans like “Yes We Can,” this man defeated John McCain in the 2008 presidential election.

H

A seated depiction of this man uses a background of leaves with chrysanthemums, jasmine and blue lilies; Kehinde Wiley, the artist of that portrait of this man for the National Portrait Gallery, intended for those flowers to represent this man's heritage.

H

He’s not Hoover, but an economic plan of this president was opposed in an ad signed by almost 200 economists, including Nobel winner Edward Prescott.

H

Which U.S. president met with Kendrick Lamar at the oval office after citing "How Much a Dollar Cost" as his favorite song of the year?

M

After John Paul Stevens stepped down, this president nominated Elena Keegan to the Supreme Court.

M

name this president who recorded several skits with his vice president, Joe Biden.

M

At a White House Correspondents Dinner, this man dropped his microphone after saying “[his name] out.” At the previous year’s dinner, this man utilized a character played by Keegan-Michael Key, Luther, his “anger-translator.” This man recorded a sketch in which he expresses his existential dread over leaving the White House to his sunglasses-toting vice president.

M

This president signed the Matthew Shepard Hate Crimes Prevention Act, which expanded the 1969 federal hate-crimes law and required the FBI to track statistics on hate crimes on the basis of gender.

M

During his presidency, the Dodd-Frank Act established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. name this president who signed the stimulus package known as the Recovery Act shortly after taking office in 2009.

E

In a sketch from Key and Peele, Luther serves as this man’s “Anger Translator.” In an Epic Rap Battle of History, this man claims that a rival’s victory would result in a “first, second, and a third lady.” name this president, who appeared frequently in popular media during his 2012 campaign against Mitt Romney.

E

Shephard Fairey designed a poster of this man that sometimes had variations with words like "change" and "progress." This President began the process of the Cuban Thaw via talks began by Pope Francis between him and Raúl Castro. name this 44th President, a Democrat from Illinois.

E

This man’s first signed bill into law was The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act.

10 more clues from the record
H

This man defeated Alan Keyes in a 2004 Senate election despite Keyes not being a state resident.

H

This president established the Simpson-Bowles Commission in order to find ways to lower the national debt.

H

This man wrote an essay in Glamour for his 55th birthday describing the reasons why he became a feminist.

H

This man co-sponsored a bill with John McCain that led to the establishment of USAspending.gov.

H

U.S. president who first called for strategic airstrikes in Syria in 2014.

H

Kenwood, just north of the University of Chicago, where he taught law?

H

Programs known as HAMP and HARP were started by this president.

H

Illinois senator promised "Change we can believe in?"

H

One act signed by this president was named after a man who was tortured and murdered in Wyoming and another after a man who was decapitated in Texas and provided fifteen million dollars to local authorities over a three year time span to fight a certain type of criminal offense.

H

Another act signed by this president amended the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to alter the definition of a 180 day time-stamp that had caused a woman suing Goodyear company to have her case struck down in the Supreme Court.

Watch out: Confusion with other Illinois senators or with Alan Keyes, whom he defeated in 2004 Senate race
#491 · Massacres, Assassinations, and Named Violent Incidents · Level 1

September 11 Attacks

September 11 Attacks
Flickr user a rel="nofollow" Michael Foran · CC BY 2.0

2001 terrorist attacks · September 11, 2001 · New York, Pentagon, Pennsylvania

September 11 Attacks were coordinated Al-Qaeda strikes that killed nearly 3,000 people by crashing hijacked planes into the Twin Towers, Pentagon, and Pennsylvania.

The kit

  • Execution — September 11 Attacks were led by Mohammed Atta and the Hamburg Cell, with planning by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and pilot Hani Hanjour.
  • Targets — September 11 Attacks destroyed the World Trade Center's Twin Towers, damaged the Pentagon, and saw United Flight 93 crash in Shanksville, Pennsylvania.
  • Response — September 11 Attacks triggered Operation Yellow Ribbon in Canada, where Gander diverted over 250 planes, and invoked the SCATANA emergency protocol.
  • Legacy — September 11 Attacks inspired John Adams' On the Transmigration of Souls, Bruce Springsteen's The Rising, and the musical Come From Away about Gander.

Runs with

Al-Qaeda
orchestrated the attacks open card →
New York City
site of World Trade Center Twin Towers open card →
Boston
York
no direct connection evident in clues open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

The musical Come From Away depicts Operation Yellow Ribbon in the Newfoundland town of Gander, where dozens of planes were diverted during this terrorist attack in which nearly 3,000 people were killed in 2001.

H

In response to this event, the Canadian government, with the FAA, carried out Operation Yellow Ribbon.

H

Hani Hanjour was one of the main perpetrators of this event.

H

The only time the SCATANA emergency protocol was used was when it was invoked as a response to this event, which caused Canada to institute Operation Yellow Ribbon.

H

John Adams’ On the Transmigration of Souls memorializes this event with sound from the voice recorder of American Airlines Flight 11.

H

Another piece about this event opens with a violin imitating a phone left off the hook, and is scored for three string quartets plus tape.

H

A memorial in Shanksville, PA commemorates this event, after which stock exchanges were closed for a week.

M

Al-Qaeda orchestrated this 2001 terrorist attack that destroyed the World Trade Center’s Twin Towers.

M

The fiction book Falling Man references a real-life photograph of a man falling to his death during this event.

M

Richard Drew’s The Falling Man depicts this event, which followed a 1993 bombing attempt on its main target. name this al-Qaeda led attack where planes crashed into the Pentagon and the World Trade Center in 2001.

M

This event was planned in part by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, and Mohammed Atta led a group of men from Hamburg in carrying out this event.

M

It was the subject of John Adams’ On The Transmigration Of Souls and a Steve Reich piece which includes NORAD and FDNY recordings. in what tragedy did hijacked planes attack the Pentagon and World Trade Center?

E

Conspiracy theorists claim that a hole in the Pentagon made during this event was caused by a cruise missile. name this 2001 attack in which terrorists crashed two planes into the Twin Towers.

E

The Dow Jones fell a record 684 points on the day of this event, which was mainly planned by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed.

E

Rudy Giuliani was praised for his handling of this event, which led to the construction of the Flight 93 National Memorial. name this series of attacks that saw planes crash into the World Trade Center.

10 more clues from the record
H

The day after this event, police raided the apartment of the so-called "Hamburg Cell" and found evidence that its members, such as Ramzi bin al-Shaibah, planned it.

H

This event inspired most of the album The Rising by Bruce Springsteen, including its song “My City of Ruins.” Clear Channel Communications released a memo suggesting that “Imagine” by John Lennon, every song by Rage Against the Machine, and over 100 other songs not be played on the radio in the wake of this event.

H

Yes!” Boston College lacrosse player Welles Crowther was the “man in the red bandana” during this event, which caused Pat Tillman to leave the Arizona Cardinals.

H

When analyzing this event, Slavoj Zizek [[SLAH-voh ZEE-zek]] applied Marxist and Lacanian analysis in the book Welcome to the Desert of the Real.

H

The disappearance of Sneha Anne Philip was controversially added to the death toll of this event, whose survivors were aided by the James Zadroga Act.

H

This event required the implementation of the SCATANA plan, including Operation Yellow Ribbon, a Canadian e↵ort to land over 250 airplanes.

H

Irene Sankoff and David Hein composed a musical about the aftermath of this event based on what happened in Gander, Canada.

H

In response to this event, St. Louis Cardinals sportscaster Jack Buck read a poem at Busch Stadium and stated “Should we be here?

H

Zacarias Moussaoui is sometimes considered the twentieth perpetrator of this event, joining a group led by Mohammed Atta.

H

Katha Pollitt wrote a controversial essay after this event, saying she forbid her daughter from displaying a certain object.

Watch out: 1993 World Trade Center bombing—earlier attack on same target
#615 · Security, Police, Intelligence, and Paramilitary Organizations · Level 1

Taliban

Taliban
Original: /div Taliban /a /div Vector: /div Lexicon /a · Public domain

Islamist militant group · 1994–present · Afghanistan

Taliban is an Islamist militant group that ruled Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001 and regained power in 2021.

The kit

  • Rise — Taliban emerged from the Deobandi revivalist movement and is largely led by Pashtun militants who take their name from the word 'students.'
  • Rule & ideology — Taliban leader Mohammed Omar ordered the destruction of the giant Buddha statues of Bamiyan in 2001, sparking international outcry.
  • Overthrow — Taliban was overthrown in December 2001 during Operation Enduring Freedom, the first US invasion following the 9/11 attacks.
  • Legacy — Taliban founder lost an eye fighting with the mujahideen against the Soviets and rarely left his home in Kandahar before fleeing.

Runs with

Afghanistan
ruled Afghanistan 1996–2001, overthrown by US invasion open card →
Equestrian Statue
destroyed Buddha statues at Bamiyan open card →
Pakistan
received ISI support after Pakistan withdrew backing from Hekmatyar open card →
American Railway Union

The ladder · 15 clues

H

Government overthrown in the 2001 invasion; it’s now an insurgent group.

H

In 2015, after two years, this group announced the death of its leader.

H

After rising to power, this group banned the practice of “Bacha Bazi” between Pashtun warlords.

H

In 1996, members of this group castrated Mohammad Najibullah and dragged him by a truck through the capital, and members of this group killed 10 Iranian diplomats in Mazar-i-Sharif in 1998.

H

This group did not announce that leader’s death until 2015 and is disputing reports that his replacement, Akhtar Mansoor, was killed in December 2015.

H

One leader of this group reportedly lost his right eye at the Battle of Arghandab in 1987 and died of tuberculosis in 2013.

H

The persecuted Hazaras minority group opposed this group by joining the Northern Alliance led by deposed president Burhanuddin Rabbani.

M

This organization’s leader, Mohammed Omar, ordered the destruction of the giant Buddha statues of Bamiyan in 2001.

M

Jihadist group that ruled Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001 and again since 2021.

M

This organization was responsible for the destruction of two large statues of the Buddha located in Bamiyan.

M

Its founder lost an eye fighting with the mujahadeen against the Soviets and rarely left his home in Kandahar before fleeing in 2001.

M

The provisional government of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, the Mujahideen army, and this faction fought a three-way civil war in the 1990s.

E

This group was overthrown in December 2001 in the first US invasion to follow the 9/11 attacks. name this insurgent group that once ruled most of Afghanistan.

E

Operation Enduring Freedom removed this Mullah Omar-led group from power after 9/11. name this militant Islamic organization that now leads an insurgency in Afghanistan.

E

This regime demolished the Buddhas of Bamiyan under Mullah Omar, sparking public outcry.

10 more clues from the record
H

A drug lord with this alias was originally dubbed L-50 and was a leader of Los Zetas captured in 2012.

H

Some former supporters of this group have defected to ISIs’s Khorasan Province branch.

H

The “Airlift of Evil” saved many of this organization’s leaders from Kunduz.

H

This organization’s leadership structure is modeled on the jirga tribal council.

H

This organization is a militant wing of the Deobandi revivalist movement.

H

This militant group destroyed the Buddhas of Bamiyan.

H

This group mocked the US, France, and UK forces during a mock funeral in Khost. :Name this group that took over a certain country after defeating a resistance movement in Panjshir Province. This group, which takes its name from the word "students," is largely led by Pashtun militants.

H

Answer some things about the foreign policy of George W. Bush, :Following the 9/11 attacks, the United States invaded Afghanistan in order to overthrow this political group which controlled the country and harbored Al Qaeda.

H

Donald Trump announced that his plans to meet with this group at Camp David were off after a wave of violence. :Name this Afghan terrorist group. They came into conflict with the United States after sheltering Osama bin Laden.

H

Unsatisfied with their relationship with Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, the ISI withdrew their support and turned to this group. :Name this fundamentalist Islamic organization once led by the one-eyed mullah Mohammed Omar.

Watch out: Confused with other Afghan factions like Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's provisional government or the Northern Alliance
#620 · Security, Police, Intelligence, and Paramilitary Organizations · Level 1

Al-Qaeda

Al-Qaeda
Unknown author Unknown author · Public domain

Islamist terrorist organization · 1988–present · Afghanistan, Pakistan, global

Al-Qaeda is an Islamist terrorist organization founded by Osama bin Laden from Mujahideen remnants after the Soviet-Afghan War.

The kit

  • Rise — Al-Qaeda grew from Maktab al-Khidamat after Abdullah Azzam's 1989 car-bomb death and absorbed its resources.
  • Major attacks — Al-Qaeda bombed U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998, attacked the USS Cole in 2000, and executed 9/11.
  • Leadership — Al-Qaeda founder Osama bin Laden was killed in Operation Neptune Spear in Abbottabad, Pakistan in 2011 by SEAL Team Six.
  • Succession — Al-Qaeda's leadership passed to Ayman al-Zawahiri, who was killed in a 2022 drone strike.

Runs with

September 11 Attacks
planned and executed the attacks open card →
Yemen
attacked USS Cole in Aden harbor open card →
Pakistan
bin Laden killed in Abbottabad compound open card →
American Railway Union

The ladder · 15 clues

H

In 1998, this organization attacked two American embassies in Tanzania and Kenya.

H

Seal Team 6 killed what organization’s leader, Osama Bin Laden?

H

A pair of attacks in Dar es Salaam and Nairobi on August 7, 1998, was orchestrated by this organization; those attacks on U.S. embassies prompted its leader to be placed on the FBI’s Most Wanted list.

H

This organization absorbed Maktab al-Khidamat after the death of Abdullah Azzam in a car bombing.

H

A critical document concerning this group is known simply as “the Golden Chain.” This organization created the woman-oriented magazine called “The Majestic Woman” in addition to the online publication “Inspire.” With American support, the “Awakening” movement led local opposition to this group, which was allegedly funded by the Benevolence International Foundation.

H

The founder of the Saudi Binaldin Group, Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden, was the father of Osama bin Laden, who founded this terrorist organization from the remnants of Maktab al-Khidamat (MAAK-tab al KEE-daa-mat) in the late 1980s.

H

This terrorist group claimed responsibility for Benazir Bhutto’s 2007 assassination. Ayman al-Zawahiri currently leads this group, which carried out a series of bombings on US embassies in 1998, as well as the 9/11 attacks.

M

This organization was responsible for the 2000 attack on the USS Cole.

M

In 2022, this organization’s leader, Ayman al-Zawahiri, was killed.

M

Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and Zacarias Moussaoui were members of this group until their arrest for planning and knowledge of another of this group’s attacks. name this Islamic terrorist group that perpetrated the September 11th attacks under Osama bin Laden.

M

The Hamburg cell took part in one event planned by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, a member of this organization.

M

This organization grew out of the Mujaheddin who resisted the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

M

The Philippines were the origin of the Bojinka plot, which was partially funded by this organization once led by Osama Bin Laden before his death in an Abottabad compound in Pakistan.

E

In 2011, a leader of this group was targeted in Operation Neptune Spear, during which members of Seal Team Six assaulted an Abbottabad compound. name this terrorist organization once led by Osama bin Laden.

E

This group’s founder was buried at sea by the USS Carl Vinson after he was killed in Abbottabad, Pakistan by SEAL Team Six. name this Osama bin Laden-led terrorist group behind the 9/11 attacks.

10 more clues from the record
H

Peter Bergen wrote a biography of this organization’s former leader, who named an intelligence unit whose head, Michael Scheuer , resigned after writing Imperial Hubris.

H

Shortly after its proclamation, the State of Azawad lost control of the cities of Gao and Timbuktu to an offshoot of this jihadist group formerly led by Osama bin Laden.

H

The “Sheehan Memo” warned of the growing power of this group, which had launched nearly simultaneous attacks on two American embassies in Africa in 1998.

H

Alec Station was tasked with monitoring this organization, which held a 2000 summit in a Kuala Lumpur hotel room.

H

The telegenic death metal musician Adam Gadahn was accused of being a member of this organization, as was Jose Padilla.

H

Two members of this organization that flunked a class were nicknamed “Dumb and Dumber” by their instructor, Rick Garza.

H

Daniel Pearl was murdered while investigating a member of this organization, Richard Reid.

H

A precursor to this organization operated a recruiting office on Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn.

H

This group was the target of the missile attack on the al-Shifa Pharmaceutical Factory in Khartoum.

H

Ali Soufan investigated the bombing of the USS Cole that was perpetrated by this organization.

Watch out: Not to be confused with ISIS or other jihadist groups that later split from or competed with it
#649 · Technologies, Inventions, and Scientific Discoveries · Level 1

the Internet

the Internet
The Opte Project · CC BY 2.5

global computer network · 1960s–present · worldwide

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that evolved from ARPANET and uses IP addresses.

The kit

  • Origins — The Internet grew from ARPANET, which introduced the system of IP addresses still used today.
  • Development — The Internet was developed with instrumental contributions from Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf in creating the broader system.
  • Expansion — The Internet became widely accessible through services like Prodigy and CompuServe and enabled access to the World Wide Web.
  • Economic impact — The Internet fueled the Dot-Com bubble through rapid growth of businesses associated with this service.

Runs with

Al Gore
supported expansion via Gore Bill and High Performance Computing Act open card →
Bishop
France
Minitel served as French precursor until 2012 open card →
Alaska
Ted Stevens described it as 'series of tubes' open card →

The ladder · 14 clues

H

Stevens may be best known for describing this system as a “series of tubes.” Al Gore said that he “took the initiative in creating” this system by expanding ARPANET.

H

Another version of this thing served as a 2013 NHB Set A Bee Round 2 popular phone book in France that operated until 2012, named Minitel.

H

The NSFNET [] project in 1986 allowed this commodity to be used for research, and in 1959, Christopher Strachey [[STRAY-chee]] filed a patent application for something resembling this commodity.

H

One method of accessing this thing was through coin-operated machines located throughout the San Francisco area called Community Memory.

H

Answer the following about Former Tennessee Senator and Vice President Al Gore’s rich political history. :Gore takes credit for “inventing” this global system through his namesake Gore Bill, which supported the early Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. The World Wide Web is a system used to navigate this global network.

H

Before dying in a plane crash, Ted Stevens described this technology as a "series of tubes" in a hearing about its namesake neutrality. :Name this technology. Al Gore was misquoted as saying he "invented" this technology in a CNN interview, when in reality he was referring to his support of the High Performance Computing Act.

H

The Dot-Com bubble was inflated as a result of the rapid growth of businesses associated with this service. This service became much more useful after Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web.

H

This system has substantially changed modern communications. :The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network was one predecessor to this system. Dial-up modems and wi-fi are ways to access this system.

H

Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf were instrumental in the development of this broader system, which was partly regulated by a 1998 act called COPA.

H

A predecessor to this system incorporated concepts from CYCLADES (SICK-luh-deez) and was led in part by Larry Roberts.

H

The PITAC committee was created as part of a bill known as HPCA that provided funding to develop this system.

H

ARPANET introduced the system of IP addresses still used in this global system of interconnected computer networks.

M

Early HIV information and activism was disseminated on soc.motss in a precursor to it. identify this technology provided to Americans by services like Prodigy and CompuServe, which allowed access to the World Wide Web.

E

Aude Shannon created the information theory network that allowed for the creation of this commodity, and Al Gore was criticized for saying he "took the initiative in creating [this thing]." name this ubiquitous network that connects computers.

Watch out: Al Gore claimed he 'invented' it, but he actually said he 'took the initiative in creating' it by supporting ARPANET expansion
#729 · Natural Disasters · Level 1

Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina
NASA · Public domain

Category 5 Atlantic hurricane · August 2005 · Gulf Coast, New Orleans

Hurricane Katrina was a 2005 Category 5 hurricane that broke approximately 50 levees and flooded 80% of New Orleans.

The kit

  • Strength — Hurricane Katrina reached Category 5 status with winds near 180 mph before weakening somewhat prior to landfall on the Gulf Coast.
  • Flooding — Hurricane Katrina caused the 17th Street Canal and London Avenue Canal to fail, with the Lower Ninth Ward suffering particularly severe damage.
  • Shelter crisis — Hurricane Katrina forced refugees to be trapped at the Louisiana Superdome for several days before some were relocated to Houston's Astrodome.
  • Response failures — Hurricane Katrina prompted President Bush to tell FEMA chief Michael Brown "Brownie, you're doing a heck of a job" despite widespread criticism of the agency's inaction.

Runs with

New Orleans
broke levees and flooded 80% of the city open card →
Louisiana
devastated the state; Governor Blanco faced blame open card →
mayor
Ray Nagin warned by Max Mayfield of danger open card →
London
London Avenue Canal suffered massive failure open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

In the aftermath of this event, Governor Kathleen Blanco emphasized that National Guardsmen were armed with M-16s and would “shoot and kill.” Two unarmed civilians were killed by police at Danziger Bridge after this disaster.

H

In April 2016, five police officers pled guilty to various charges associated with shootings on the Danziger Bridge during this event.

H

Convicted criminal Jabbar Gibson performed heroics during this event, which led to the resignation of Michael E. Brown.

H

A 2009 Dave Eggers book about this event describes the unjust arrest of the Syrian immigrant Abdulrahman Zeitoun .

H

Shortly after this event, Ronald Madison and James Brissette were shot by police officers at Danziger Bridge.

H

When asked about the handling of this event, former UN Ambassador Andrew Young said he “was surprised and not surprised.” A photo taken in the aftermath of this event shows a helicopter flying over a line of buses in front of a highway sign featuring the word “Mandeville.” Plaquemines [plak-uh-meen] Parish suffered extreme damage in this event, in which the 17th Street Canal levee broke.

H

Before this event, Robert Ricks likely saved many lives by warning that an area would become “uninhabitable for weeks.” The Gretna [GRET-nuh] City police forcibly expelled survivors of this event seeking help and after it, FEMA chief Michael Brown was criticized for his agency’s inaction.

M

The president during the time of this event famously said “Brownie, you're doing a heck of a job” in response to FEMA’s efforts after it.

M

Refugees were trapped at the Superdome for several days after this event, which breached around 50 levees. name this hurricane that devastated New Orleans in 2005.

M

FEMA was widely criticized for its response to this 2005 hurricane that caused massive flooding in New Orleans.

M

During this event, a “shelter of last resort” was established at the Louisiana Superdome which suffered heavy damage due to water and heavy winds. name this 2005 disaster in which a hurricane damaged New Orleans.

M

During this event, The decision to not declare a state of emergency for Jefferson, and Plaquemines [PLAK-uh-meen] was later blamed on Governor Kathleen Blanco.

E

2005 Category-5 Hurricane which broke the levees of New Orleans.

E

This event was reached Category 5 status with winds reaching nearly 180 miles per hour though it weakened somewhat prior to landfall. name this 2005 storm that hit New Orleans.

E

In response to this event, Kanye West stated that “George Bush doesn’t care about black people.” name this deadly natural disaster that devastated New Orleans in 2005.

10 more clues from the record
H

During this event, the 17th Street Canal and the London Avenue Canal suffered massive failures that flooded 80% of the city, with significant damage in the Lower Ninth Ward.

H

An administrator who resigned after this event had been hired by Joe Allbaugh and had previously served as commissioner of the International Arabian Horse Association.

H

Some survivors from this event were relocated to the Astrodome when the Superdome became overcrowded. name this hurricane that nearly destroyed New Orleans.

H

2005 hurricane that Robert Ricks predicted would make most of New Orleans “UNINHABITABLE FOR WEEKS...PERHAPS LONGER.”

H

After this event, NFL player Reggie White created the NGO “Crescent Rising” to demolish affected homes at no cost.

H

This event prompted Max Mayfield to warn Ray Nagin of possible danger.

H

In reference to this event, Ray Nagin said, “it’s time for us to rebuild” during a speech given after it.

H

Ray Nagin and Kathleen Blanco faced blame for their handling of this event.

H

False rumors of lawlessness led police in the city of Gretna to turn back survivors of this event at gunpoint and led to the police murder of civilians on Danziger Bridge.

H

The USDA blocked British food relief packages after this event because of a ban on British beef over fears of mad cow disease.

Watch out: London Avenue Canal (a New Orleans waterway, not the English city)
#776 · US Presidential Also-Rans · Level 1

Hillary Clinton

Hillary Clinton
U.S. Department of State · Public domain

U.S. politician and diplomat · 1947–present; active 1990s–2010s · United States

Hillary Clinton served as First Lady, U.S. Senator from New York, Secretary of State, and 2016 Democratic presidential nominee.

The kit

  • Rise — Hillary Clinton graduated from Yale Law School and briefly taught law in Fayetteville, Arkansas before entering politics.
  • Senate career — Hillary Clinton defeated Rick Lazio in 2000 for a New York Senate seat after Rudy Giuliani withdrew from the race.
  • Secretary of State — Hillary Clinton served as Secretary of State under Barack Obama, offering Russia's foreign minister a "reset button" and apologizing for the Guatemala syphilis experiments.
  • Presidential campaigns — Hillary Clinton became the first female major party presidential nominee in 2016, losing to Donald Trump amid an email leak scandal.

Runs with

Joe Hill
No connection evident in clues open card →
Secretary of State
Served as Secretary of State under Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013 open card →
York
Represented New York in the U.S. Senate from 2001 to 2009 open card →
Arkansas
Taught at law school in Fayetteville after graduating Yale Law School open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

After graduating from Yale Law School, this figure briefly taught at a law school in Fayetteville, Arkansas.

H

This figure created the Vital Voices initiative to promote women in the politics of their home nation, and this person's senior thesis about Saul Alinsky quietly disappeared at the request of White House officials.

H

Answer the following about members of Barack Obama’s Cabinet. :This Secretary of State, a former Senator from New York, is the first former First Lady to serve in the Cabinet.

H

This politician offered another country’s foreign minister a “reset button” in order to improve relations.

H

This person was criticized by a February 2015 attack ad for being involved in a foundation that took twenty-five million dollars from the government of Saudi Arabia.

H

In Jan Hooks’ portrayal of this woman, Phil Hartman plays her husband and she fights a politician played by Dan Aykroyd.

H

During a debate, Rick Lazio awkwardly seemed to invade this politician’s personal space by brandishing a fundraising agreement.

M

In 2000, this politician defeated Rick Lazio to win a senate seat after Rudy Giuliani withdrew from the race.

M

This politician wrote the book What Happened about her campaign for President in 2016. name this former First Lady who ran for President against Donald Trump.

M

This then-Secretary of State is seen covering her mouth in the Situation Room, though she claimed seasonal allergies. This woman is currently the frontrunner for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination.

M

In 2010, this Secretary of State formally apologized for the Guatemala syphilis experiments. Previously, a formal apology for the Tuskegee experiment had been issued by this politician’s husband, Bill.

M

Vanessa Bayer, Ana Gasteyer, and Amy Poehler are among the actresses who have portrayed this woman, whose more recent appearances have been accompanied by Cecily Strong as Huma Abedin and Tom Hanks as a debate moderator. name this politician who, as played by Kate McKinnon, has taken part in presidential debates against Alec Baldwin’s Donald Trump on Saturday Night Live.

E

Served as First Lady and secretary of state before being named the first female major party presidential nominee.

E

An email leak scandal was faced by this Democratic Party nominee in the 2016 presidential election who lost to Donald Trump.

E

The Benghazi attacks and the killing of Osama bin Laden occurred during this figure’s tenure as Secretary of State.

10 more clues from the record
H

Before one campaign, this politician rode in a “Scooby Van” to Iowa and stopped at a Chipotle in Toledo.

H

During an early campaign, this politician seemed to mock women who stayed at home to bake cookies.

H

After losing an election, this politician wrote the book What Happened.

H

In 2014, this figure published a memoir titled Hard Choices.

H

This politician was appointed to chair a task force proposing a bill that would give every American a “health care security card.” A Supreme Court case concerning a movie about this politician ruled parts of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act unconstitutional.

H

America will pick a new leader in 2016. name some of the candidates.This former senator and Secretary of State is the clear favorite to win the Democratic nomination. She attracted controversy by using a private email instead of her official .gov account.

H

After he spoke for her class at Wellesley, this woman delivered a speech criticizing Brooke’s preceding commencement address, earning her a feature in Life magazine. This woman served as Senator from New York after leaving the White House with her husband in 2001.

H

Citizens United attempted to air ads for a documentary attacking this contender for the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination. The movie renewed long-dead claims about her involvement in Vince Foster's death.

H

In a debate in that election, this politician’s opponent walked over to the opposing podium to demand this figure sign a pledge abstaining from soft money, an act seen as bullying.

H

This cabinet member wrote the article “America’s Pacific Century” to codify the “Pivot to Asia,” and popularized the phrase “women’s rights are human rights” at a speech in Beijing.

Watch out: Confusion with Bill Clinton, her husband who issued the Tuskegee experiment apology and was President during her time as First Lady
#777 · US Presidential Also-Rans · Level 1

Al Gore

Al Gore
Unknown photographer Unknown photographer /span · Public domain

U.S. Vice President, environmentalist · 1948–present; VP 1993–2001 · Tennessee, Washington D.C.

Al Gore served as U.S. Vice President under Clinton, then lost the contested 2000 presidential election after the Florida recount was halted.

The kit

  • Rise — Al Gore served as a Tennessee senator like his father, who refused to sign the Southern Manifesto alongside Kefauver and LBJ.
  • Achievements — Al Gore authored the High Performance Computing Act of 1991 and popularized the phrase "information superhighway" despite being mocked for supposedly claiming to have invented the Internet.
  • Conflicts — Al Gore lost Florida by 537 votes after butterfly ballots and hanging chads marred the 2000 election, with Katherine Harris assisting his opponent.
  • Legacy — Al Gore made the public aware of global warming in An Inconvenient Truth, earning recognition in 2007 for his climate change advocacy.

Runs with

Tennessee
served as senator from Tennessee open card →
2000 United States Presidential Election
lost to Bush after Florida recount halted open card →
Florida
lost state by 537 votes amid hanging chads open card →
the Internet
mocked for supposedly claiming to have invented it open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

Like his father of the same name, this man served as a senator from Tennessee.

H

2007: former U.S. Vice President for his climate change advocacy.

H

This politician's documentary An Inconvenient Truth demonstrates his climate change activism.

H

This presidential candidate advocated for the creation of a “Medicare lock box” which would prevent Medicare taxes from being used for anything except Medicare or paying down the debt. :Name this Presidential candidate, whose father was one of only three Southern Democratic senators to not sign the Southern Manifesto, though he did vote against the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

H

This politician was identified as a member of the "Atari" group of his political party due to the cause he supports in a film presenting "the slideshow." This politician's father joined Estes Kefauver and Lyndon Johnson in rejecting the Southern Manifesto.

H

This senator created the High Performance Computing Act of 1991 and popularized the phrase “information superhighway.” :Name this politician who was widely mocked for supposedly claiming to have “invented the Internet.”

H

This politician's wife Tipper was one of the leading forces in the moral panic against rock music in the 1980s. This senator introduced the High Performance Computing Act of 1991.

M

Made the American public aware of the threat of global warming in An Inconvenient Truth.

M

Following the decommissioning of ARPANET, this senator authored the High Performance Computing Act of 1991. In 1979, this “Atari” Democrat was the first congressman to be broadcast on C-Span.

M

This real-life activist and politician from Tennessee became Emperor of the Moon on Futurama and appeared as a fictional president on Saturday Night Live shortly after losing the 2000 election to George W. Bush.

M

Antagonist of George W. Bush in a Supreme Court decision that came before the court in 2000

M

The Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 was based not on Eisenhower’s plan but on one put forward by this politician. His son of the same name popularized the term “information superhighway.”

M

A government major at Harvard, he worked for several years as an investigative reporter at The Tennesseean and as a journalist in Vietnam. —name this author of Earth in the Balance and former Democratic presidential candidate.

E

This creator of a climate change documentary titled An Inconvenient Truth lost a contested election after the Florida recount was halted. name this man who unsuccessfully ran for president against Bush in 2000.

E

Along with Kefauver and LBJ, this senator from Tennessee refused to sign the Southern Manifesto.

10 more clues from the record
H

identify these politicians who were powerful during the 1990’s.This man served as Vice President for eight years before narrowly losing the 2000 presidential election.

H

He admits that he is only in his current job to help secure his family financially and is, in his own words, “so fat” that he can’t put on his wedding ring anymore.

H

The use of Butterfly ballots allegedly cost this candidate votes and led to many “hanging chads” in a state he lost by 537 votes.

H

A visit by this man to a fundraiser at the Hsi Lai [“shee-lye”] Buddhist Temple helped spark the Chinagate scandal.

H

While serving as her state's Secretary of State, Katherine Harris helped this politician's opponent defeat him in an election.

H

In one debate, this man awkwardly walked up to his opponent after asking that man’s thoughts on the Dingell–Norwood bill.

H

This man was on a ticket that won an election following a debate in which one of this man’s opponents in that debate asked, “Who am I?

H

This man’s wife helped found the PMRC to encourage the labeling of offensive music records.

M

This junior Senator from Tennessee was noted for business ties with Armand Hammer, the chairman of Occidental Petroleum. His son also served in the senate.

M

This man asked his opponent not to tell any football stories while debating with Jack Kemp.

Watch out: His father voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1964, though he was one of three Southern Democratic senators who refused to sign the Southern Manifesto
#823 · Modern US Military Commanders · Level 1

Norman Schwarzkopf

Norman Schwarzkopf
bdi Russell Roederer /span /a · Public domain

U.S. Army general · 1934–2012 · United States, Middle East

Norman Schwarzkopf commanded coalition forces in the Persian Gulf War, earning the nickname 'Stormin'' for his swift victory.

The kit

  • Rise — Norman Schwarzkopf earned three Silver Stars and two Purple Hearts during service in Vietnam.
  • Achievements — Norman Schwarzkopf succeeded George Crist as head of United States Central Command and developed Internal Look '90.
  • Conflicts — Norman Schwarzkopf led Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, ordering the Highway of Death bombing alongside Khalid bin Sultan.
  • Death & succession — Norman Schwarzkopf died of pneumonia in 2012 after his successful Gulf War command.

Runs with

Persian Gulf War
commanded all coalition forces during the conflict open card →
Iraq
the Presidency
appointed by George H.W. Bush as coalition commander open card →
George
worked with Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney under Bush open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

One man with this surname who served as head of the New Jersey State Police successfully apprehended Bruno Hauptmann but was unsuccessful in saving Charles Lindbergh’s baby.

H

This United States Army general won three Silver Stars and two Purple Hearts while serving in Vietnam.

H

This man succeeded George Crist as head of United States Central Command, where he ordered the development of the prophetic Internal Look ‘90.

H

This man, with Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney, sought permission from King Fahd to deploy troops in Saudi Arabia.

H

The leader of American forces in the conflict, given the nickname “Stormin’”?

H

This man’s father was the lead investigator for the Lindbergh baby kidnapping case and later helped to train SAVAK in Iran. :Name this US general and commander of CENTCOM whose Internal Look ’90 plans became the basis for his successful execution of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm.

H

After overseeing airstrikes timed for exactly 2:40 am, this man told reporters that his operation had gone “just about exactly as we had intended it to go.” :Name this American general who commanded a coalition force in a war that lasted approximately 100 hours.

H

This general tapped William Pagonis for an operation in which he worked alongside commander Khalid bin Sultan to defend Saudi Arabia. :Name this general who, after taking the role of commander of CENTCOM, executed Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm.

H

Name the following about Operation Desert Shield, .This man, appointed by George H.W. Bush, was the commander-in-chief of coalition forces during Operation Desert Shield.

M

What United States general led coalition forces in the Persian Gulf War before dying of pneumonia in 2012?

M

The son of that man with this surname worked with Khalid bin Sultan during a conflict in which that man with this surname ordered the bombing of the Highway of Death.

M

American commander nicknamed “Stormin’” for his quick victory.

M

This man was the Deputy Commander of U.S. forces in Urgent Fury. In his most notable victory, this man ordered the Package Q airstrike against the Osarik reactor and ordered the obliteration of a column of enemy forces on Highway 80, which became known as the “Highway of Death.”

E

He led all coalition forces in the Gulf War.

E

That man with this surname was nicknamed “Stormin’” and oversaw Operation Desert Shield. give this surname of that father and son with the first name Norman.

1 more clues from the record
H

Before there was the War in Iraq, there was the War in Iraq. :This man served as the commander of the allied invasion of Iraq during the first Persian Gulf War.

Watch out: His father, also Norman Schwarzkopf, led the New Jersey State Police and investigated the Lindbergh kidnapping
#897 · US Treaties and Diplomatic Agreements · Level 1

North American Free Trade Agreement

North American Free Trade Agreement
Nicoguaro · CC BY 3.0

trilateral trade agreement · signed 1992, effective 1994 · North America

North American Free Trade Agreement eliminated most trade barriers between the United States, Canada, and Mexico starting January 1, 1994.

The kit

  • Creation — North American Free Trade Agreement was first signed by George H.W. Bush and Carlos Salinas in 1992, with Brian Mulroney negotiating for Canada.
  • Economic effects — North American Free Trade Agreement caused maquiladoras to proliferate, Mexican factories importing parts to produce finished goods with annually easing restrictions.
  • Opposition — North American Free Trade Agreement was opposed by Ross Perot's "giant sucking sound" prediction and sparked the Zapatista rebellion in Chiapas on its effective date.
  • Replacement — North American Free Trade Agreement was replaced by the USMCA under President Trump, who called it the worst trade deal in American history.

Runs with

Mexico
southern signatory with maquiladoras open card →
Canada
northern signatory represented by Mulroney open card →
George H. W. Bush
first signed agreement in 1992 open card →
the Presidency
debated by Perot during campaign open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

The signing of this agreement sparked tensions in Chiapas, which led to support of the Zapatista movement.

H

This agreement resulted in an annual 5% easing of restrictions on the output of maquiladoras.

H

President Trump has called this “the worst trade deal ever” in American history. …Name this trade deal that was signed in 1992, and took effect in 1994, which links together the economies of Canada, the U.S., and Mexico.

H

Maquiladoras proliferated following the 1994 signing of, what free trade agreement between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico?

H

In 1992, the US and Mexico, as well as Canada, signed this economic agreement. One of the effects of this agreement was the creation of maquiladoras, Mexican factories that import parts to produce finished goods.

H

Following Ross Perot's most successful attempt at the Presidency, Perot embarked on a campaign against this legislation, predicting it would cause a "giant sucking sound." This legislation was championed in a televised debate by Al Gore, and its architects included Carlos Salinas and Brian Mulroney. name this continental trade pact.

H

A speech given in support of this agreement claimed that “the gains from this agreement will be your gains too.” The passage of this agreement led to a surge in the number of cheap-labor factories called maquiladoras.

M

Ross Perot argued against what 1990s international political agreement, claiming it would create a “giant sucking sound?”

M

Agreement signed by the Clinton administration, which was succeeded by Donald Trump’s USMCA.

M

The peso crisis occurred shortly after this agreement, despite the economic opportunities it was promised to create.

M

This agreement, which eliminated almost all of the tariffs between the United States, Canada and Mexico was signed during the last year of George H. W. Bush’s presidency.

M

The Zapatistas launched their uprising on the day that this trade agreement came into effect. This agreement eliminated most trade barriers between Mexico, the US, and Canada.

E

Carlos Salinas and George H.W. Bush first signed this agreement in 1992. name this trade agreement involving Canada, Mexico, and the United States.

E

This agreement was derided as a “giant sucking sound” by Ross Perot and it sparked a rebel movement in the Lacandon Jungle, the Zapatistas.

E

Drafted shortly after the Maastricht Treaty that created the European Union, name this agreement that set up a trade bloc between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.

10 more clues from the record
H

Zapata names an agrarian movement in modern Mexico which originally formed to oppose this 1994 treaty, which created Free Trade Zones with Mexico's northern neighbors.

H

As a result, this treaty was publicly attacked in the Lacandon Jungle Declaration by a group led by the ski-mask wearing Subcomandante Marcos, the Zapatistas.

H

This treaty required one signatory to cancel Article 27 of its constitution, which guaranteed reparations of land to indigenous people.

H

This agreement led to the resolution of longstanding disputes about truck inspection and softwood lumber subsidies.

H

A year after successfully appearing on a Presidential ticket, Al Gore went on CNN to debate in favor of this bill.

H

This agreement was replaced by the USMCA, and Brian Mulroney negotiated this treaty for its northernmost member.

H

Answer these questions about relations between the United States and her northern neighbors, :This pact between Mexico, the United States, and Canada, implemented on January 1, 1994, was designed to increase cooperation on labor issues and eliminate some tariffs and international commerce barriers.

H

The panel on Article 1904 of this document only made one decision that didn’t involve the U.S. – an antidumping conclusion based on rolled steel – while a notable 2005 decision about this document was on the issue of softwood lumber.

H

Carlos Salinas de Gortari and Brian Mulroney helped create this entity, while another leader stated that it “means jobs.” On the day that this entity went into effect, the Zapatista Army launched a 12-day rebellion.

H

Name these controversies of international trade, .This 1992 attempt at greater integration among the economies of the U.S., Mexico, and Canada still engenders opposition despite positive annual growth rates in each country.

Watch out: Maastricht Treaty (drafted around same time, created European Union trade bloc)
#1061 · Philosophers and Economic Thinkers · Level 1

Alan Greenspan

Alan Greenspan
While provided by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, it i · Public domain

Federal Reserve Chairman · 1987–2006 · United States

Alan Greenspan was Federal Reserve Chairman from 1987 to 2006, the second-longest tenure in that position's history.

The kit

  • Rise — Alan Greenspan succeeded Paul Volcker as Federal Reserve Chairman in 1987, appointed by Ronald Reagan.
  • Achievements — Alan Greenspan argued that U.S. producers' ability to expand volume without inflation constituted the "New Economy."
  • Conflicts — Alan Greenspan warned of "irrational exuberance" in markets and dealt with fallout from the dot-com bubble.
  • Legacy — Alan Greenspan partly apologized for his deregulatory policies during and after the 2008 financial crisis.

Runs with

Federal Reserve System
chaired from 1987 to 2006 open card →
Sherman Antitrust ActGerald Ford
Ronald Reagan
appointed by Reagan in 1987 open card →

The ladder · 7 clues

H

Following Black Monday, this man claimed that his organization was “ready to serve as a source of liquidity.” The Federal funds rate was set at one percent during the tenure of this supporter of privatized Social Security. name this longtime chairman of the Federal Reserve, serving from 1987 to 2006.

H

Ravi Batra wrote a 2004 book about this man, who was a member of "The Collective," a group of Objectivists who were given early access to Ayn Rand’s Atlas Shrugged.

H

A metaphorical “put” named for this man refers to the belief that investors believe the government will cover downside risks in times of crisis.

H

In a 2003 speech, this person credited the PATCO strike with increasing the “flexibility” of the “freedom to fire.” A speech at Jackson Hole contributed to a feud between this man and his subordinate Alan Blinder.

H

This man partly apologized for his deregulatory policies during and after the 2008 financial crisis. He served as Chairman of the Federal Reserve before Bernanke.

M

This man argued that the ability of U.S. producers to expand volume without causing inflation constituted the “New Economy.” This author of the memoir The Age of Turbulence succeeded Paul Volcker in his highest post, in which he complained about “irrational exuberance” and dealt with fallout from the dot-com bubble. name this Chairman of the Federal Reserve who retired in 2006.

M

Only William McChesney Martin served longer as Federal Reserve Chairman than this man, who was appointed by Ronald Reagan in 1987 and served in that position until 2006.

Watch out: Confused with Ben Bernanke, who succeeded him as Federal Reserve Chairman in 2006
#1079 · US Presidential Elections · Level 1

2000 United States Presidential Election

2000 United States Presidential Election
Nkocharh · Public domain

U.S. presidential election · 2000 · United States

The 2000 United States Presidential Election saw George W. Bush defeat Al Gore after a Supreme Court decision halted Florida's recount.

The kit

  • Campaign — The 2000 United States Presidential Election featured Joe Lieberman as the first Jewish vice presidential candidate on a major-party ticket.
  • Florida controversy — The 2000 United States Presidential Election's outcome hinged on 537 votes in Florida, where butterfly ballots and hanging chads triggered recounts.
  • Supreme Court — The 2000 United States Presidential Election ended when Bush v. Gore halted Florida's recount one day before the safe harbor deadline.
  • Popular vote — The 2000 United States Presidential Election resulted in Bush winning the Electoral College while Gore won the popular vote.

Runs with

Florida
Bush won by 537 votes after Supreme Court halted recount open card →
George W. Bush
won Electoral College after Bush v. Gore decision open card →
Al Gore
lost despite winning popular vote; conceded after court ruling open card →
South Carolina
site of nasty primary with attacks on McCain open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

One candidate for the Democratic nomination in this election year was a New Jersey senator who had played for the New York Knicks.

H

During this election year, Phil Donahue held “super rallies” for one candidate and John McCain called Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson “agents of intolerance.” The Voter News Service had its reputation damaged in this year after calling the results ahead of time.

H

This election year's only faithless elector was Barbara Lett-Simmons, who protested D.C.'s lack of representation.

H

In this election, the nasty South Carolina primary featured accusations that a candidate’s adopted child was actually born out of wedlock.

H

A candidate in this election was derided for proposing a federal “rainy day fund,” and was the first major-party candidate with a Jewish running mate.

H

“The Shrub” led push-polling in South Carolina during this election year, during which David Foster Wallace reported for Rolling Stone while riding the Straight Talk Express.

H

In this year, a December 12th “safe harbor” deadline caused the Supreme Court to deliver a ruling one day after hearing oral arguments.

M

A series of butterfly ballots proved critical in this election year in which Joe Lieberman was a vice presidential candidate.

M

This election featured the Reform Party’s Pat Buchanan appearing in a controversial position on one state’s butterfly ballots.

M

Joe Lieberman became the first Jewish candidate on a major-party ticket in this election. name this election in which George W. Bush defeated Al Gore.

M

In this election year, the first Jewish candidate to be nominated for either party, Joe Lieberman, ran for vice president.

M

Ralph Nader ran his most successful campaign, his fourth, in this election. name this election, during which George W. Bush defeated Al Gore to become the 43rd president.

E

This election saw “hanging chads” cause a long recount in Florida ended by the Supreme Court. name this election in which George W. Bush defeated Al Gore.

E

Prior to 2016, this was the most recent U.S. presidential election year in which the winner lost the popular vote. name this election year in which Al Gore lost to George W. Bush.

E

Many inadvertent votes in this election year may have gone to Pat Buchanan due to the proliferation of "butterfly ballots." name this election year in which Al Gore narrowly lost to George Bush by a margin of 537 votes in Florida.

10 more clues from the record
H

During a debate in this election year, the losing candidate mentioned the "Dingell-Norwood Bill" while seeming to loom over his opponent's personal space.

H

Shortly before this election, a primary-loser released his memoir Faith of My Fathers about his service as a naval aviator in the Vietnam War.

H

In this election year, a primary campaign suffered in South Carolina due to flyers suggesting he fathered an illegitimate black child.

H

At the Democratic convention during this election year, the nominee passionately kissed his wife, possibly to indicate the strength of his marriage.

H

Al Franken wrote a speculative account of this election year titled Why Not Me?.

H

Which U.S. presidential election year’s results were disputed in the court case Bush v.

H

Tim Russert’s whiteboard, which portrayed possible results of this election, is currently housed in the Smithsonian. :Name this election, where George W. Bush became president after narrowly winning Florida by a few hundred votes.

H

Recounts and poor ballot design in another South Florida county, Miami-Dade, were at the center of a weeks-long controversy in this election year that ended in a Supreme Court decision.

H

A candidate in this election referred to Karl Rove as his “Architect.” The Supreme Court of the US overturned the Florida Supreme Court’s ruling of a statewide recount of ballots in this election.

H

One candidate in this election was criticized for accepting the endorsement of Bob Jones University due to its ban on interracial dating.

Watch out: Pat Buchanan ran as Reform Party candidate but received inadvertent votes due to confusing butterfly ballot design in Palm Beach County
#1160 · Diseases and Epidemics · Level 1

AIDS

AIDS
Gary van der Merwe · CC BY-SA 3.0

viral epidemic · 1980s–present · global, especially U.S.

AIDS is a retrovirus-caused disease that killed hundreds of thousands during its 1980s crisis, initially stigmatized as 'gay cancer.'

The kit

  • Rise — AIDS gained public attention after Rock Hudson's death in 1985 and was chronicled in Randy Shilts' And The Band Played On.
  • Activism — AIDS activists included Larry Kramer, who wrote The Normal Heart, and the Silence=Death project, which repurposed the pink triangle.
  • Policy response — AIDS prompted the Ryan White CARE Act of 1990 and George W. Bush's PEPFAR initiative for international funding.
  • Legacy — AIDS victims are commemorated in the NAMES Project memorial quilt, the world's largest piece of community folk art.

Runs with

church
Cardinal O'Connor's Mass was disrupted by AIDS protesters in Stop the Church demonstration open card →
Crazy Horse Memorial
1980s
AIDS crisis peaked during the 1980s epidemic open card →
George W. Bush
Bush launched PEPFAR to address AIDS internationally open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

Fear surrounding this issue led a school in Indiana to ban Ryan White from attending.

H

Teenager Ryan White’s expulsion from school after contracting this disease inspired a 1990 law providing healthcare funding to people living with this disease.

H

The pink triangle was repurposed to raise awareness of this issue by the Silence=Death project.

H

A series of programs to counter this problem in the US are named for Ryan White, and internationally, it is addressed by George W. Bush’s PEPFAR initiative.

H

In a speech about this phenomenon, an activist noted that it asks only one question, “Are you human?” and that it “does not care whether you are Democrat or Republican.” That speech noted that many “have lost loved ones” to this phenomenon, but “dare not whisper” its name.

H

Ron Woodroof’s illegal smuggling of drugs to fight this disease are the subject of a 2013 film that won Matthew McConaughey an Oscar, Dallas Buyers Club.

H

Andrew Beckett, a lawyer who suffers from this disease, is played by Tom Hanks in the 1993 film Philadelphia.

M

The Air Canada flight attendant Gaëtan Dugas is profiled in Randy Shilts’ book And The Band Played On, which chronicles this event.

M

This history of this disease was examined by Randy Shilts in his book And The Band Played On.

M

This disease gained public attention after the death of Rock Hudson and can be treated with AZT.

M

Elizabeth Glazer and Mary Fisher spoke at the Democratic and Republican National Conventions in 1992 about this phenomenon, with Fisher urging against stereotyping this phenomenon, noting that she was “one with the lonely gay man sheltering a flickering candle.” name this disease whose other early 90s activists included Ryan White and Magic Johnson.

M

In 2003, HBO aired a miniseries version of Tony Kushner’s play about this disease, Angels in America. name this disease whose 1980s epidemic also provides the setting for Jonathan Larsen’s Rent.

E

That man, Larry Kramer, wrote a play about this event called The Normal Heart, which details his fight against the "gay cancer." name this sexually-transmitted epidemic of the 1980s.

E

Victims of this event are commemorated in the world’s largest piece of community folk art, the “NAMES Project” memorial quilt.

E

The TAC pushed for South African funding for this issue under Thabo Mbeki , who embraced Kary Mullis’s denialism of its origins.

10 more clues from the record
H

Randy Shilts published an investigation of this issue which analyzes figures like Grethe Rask and Rock Hudson.

H

disease caused by HIV, for which Cuba has the lowest rate in the Caribbean.

H

This disease killed Rock Hudson, who left 250,000 dollars to help found an organization that tries to combat its main cause. :Name this retrovirus-caused disease that claimed hundreds of thousands of lives in the 1980s and 1990s during its namesake “crisis.”

H

A Robert E. Gould article published during this event prompted the “Say No to Cosmo” campaign. 111 protesters were arrested after disrupting Cardinal John O’Connor’s Mass about this event during the “Stop the Church” demonstration.

H

While he was president of Burkina Faso, Sankara's government was the first in Africa to recognize the epidemic of this disease. In South Africa, denial about the cause of this lethal disease was widespread in the government of Thabo Mbeki.

H

The government response to this issue was criticized in an article titled “1,112 and Counting.” Press Secretary Larry Speakes mocked this issue, whose government management increased after Rock Hudson’s death.

H

C. Everett Koop attempted to address this condition in the pamphlet “Understanding [this disease].” Ryan White died of this disease, about which the New York Native spread conspiracy theories.

H

John Iliffe’s history of this issue discusses the Rakai report’s data on policies like “zero grazing” and the ABC strategy, which Quett Masire adopted in Botswana.

H

Peter Mutharika’s national policy for this issue targeted “three ones” and “three zeros.” Festus Mogae’s “war” on this issue included a program for mothers and children.

H

The Bay Area Reporter ran the headline “No Obits” after the introduction of Combination therapy for this disease. :Name this STD that ravaged the LGBT community in the 80s.

Watch out: HIV (the virus that causes AIDS)
#1166 · Diseases and Epidemics · Level 1

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Human Immunodeficiency Virus
ul li Photo Credit: C. Goldsmith /li li Content Providers: C · Public domain

retrovirus causing AIDS · identified 1983 · originated West Africa

Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a retrovirus that infects CD4+ helper T cells, weakening the immune system and causing AIDS.

The kit

  • Origins — Human Immunodeficiency Virus originated in early twentieth-century West Africa, traced using molecular clock analysis of viral evolution.
  • Discovery — Human Immunodeficiency Virus was independently discovered in 1983 by Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier while investigating GRIDS.
  • Mechanism — Human Immunodeficiency Virus infects and lowers the count of CD4+ helper T cells, progressively weakening the host's immune system.
  • 1980s epidemic — Human Immunodeficiency Virus caused an explosive 1980s epidemic killing Freddie Mercury, Michel Foucault, and Rock Hudson.

Runs with

AIDS
retrovirus that causes AIDS open card →
1980s
explosive epidemic in the 1980s open card →
Mercury
killed Freddie Mercury in 1980s open card →
Tanzania
spread along Tanzam road by truck drivers open card →

The ladder · 14 clues

H

Gaëtan Dugas, a flight attendant who was nicknamed this disease's Patient O [oh], was erroneously accused of being a North American originator of this disease.

H

In 1987, this agent was found in the preserved body of Robert Rayford, who had died in St. Louis in 1969.

H

This virus’ env gene codes for the gp120 envelope glycoprotein.

H

A disease caused by this virus was briefly, misleadingly called GRID.

H

In one country, this disease was dubbed the “slim disease” because it caused weight loss.

M

Using a molecular clock, scientists were able to trace back the origins of this virus to early twentieth century West Africa. This retrovirus infects and lowers the count of helper T cells.

M

In 1983, this agent was independently discovered by Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier, who were investigating a disease then known as GRIDS.

M

Traces of this disease's type 1 strain have been found in preserved lymph and blood samples from citizens of 1960 Léopoldville.

M

Five Bulgarian nurses were falsely convicted of intentionally spreading this disease in a Libyan show trial.

M

Luc Montagnier [mon-tahn-ee-AY] was called as an expert witness after an outbreak of this disease at the El-Fatih Hospital.

E

Infection by this virus took the lives of Freddie Mercury, Michel Foucault, and Rock Hudson during an explosive epidemic in the 1980s. name this virus that causes AIDS.

E

Gaetan Dugas is sometimes called the "Patient Zero" of this virus in the United States. name this retrovirus discovered in 1983 to be the cause of AIDS.

E

This disease attacks CD4+ helper T cells, weakening its host’s immune system. name this retrovirus that can cause AIDS.

E

This disease was spread along the Tanzam road in Tanzania and Zambia by truck drivers who frequented sex workers. an outbreak of what disease struck Johannesburg’s gay community in the 1980s?

Watch out: Gaëtan Dugas erroneously called Patient Zero/originator in North America
#1181 · Popular Musicians and Groups · Level 1

Common

Common
Steven Pisano - a rel="nofollow" Feast of Music /a from New · CC BY 2.0

Chicago rapper and actor · 2000s–present · Chicago, Illinois

Common is a Chicago rapper and actor who starred in Selma and won an Oscar for the song "Glory."

The kit

  • Achievements — Common won an Oscar with John Legend for "Glory," featured in the 2014 film Selma.
  • Rise — Common released the album Black America Again in 2016, featuring Stevie Wonder and a James Brown speech sample.
  • Conflicts — Common wrote "A Song for Assata" Shakur, invoking ancestral spirits regarding her 1973 police shootout and torture.
  • Legacy — Common played civil rights leader James Bevel in Selma and recorded the Chicago-based track "The Light."

Runs with

House of Commons
no connection evident in clues open card →
John
collaborated with John Legend on Oscar-winning "Glory" open card →
Book of Common Prayer
no connection evident in clues open card →
Land
no connection evident in clues open card →

The ladder · 3 clues

H

A James Brown speech is sampled, and Stevie Wonder sings “We are rewriting the black American story,” on the title track of this artist’s 2016 album, Black America Again.

H

This artist invoked “the Spirit of God” and “the Spirit of the Ancestors” in “A Song for Assata” Shakur, who was tortured by police after a 1973 shootout.

M

This rapper played James Bevel in the 2014 film Selma and joined John Legend on its Oscar-winning song, “Glory.” “The Light” is by this Chicago-based actor and rapper.

#1188 · Popular Musicians and Groups · Level 1

The Rolling Stones

The Rolling Stones
Jim Pietryga · CC BY-SA 3.0

British rock band · 1962–present · United Kingdom

The Rolling Stones are a British rock band fronted by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, named after a Muddy Waters song.

The kit

  • Rise — The Rolling Stones were founded with Brian Jones, who was dismissed in 1969 and died shortly after his departure.
  • Achievements — The Rolling Stones recorded Exile on Main Street while living in France to avoid British taxes in the early 1970s.
  • Achievements — The Rolling Stones featured a sitar in the introduction to their hit song "Paint it Black" and recorded "Sympathy for the Devil."
  • Conflicts — The Rolling Stones' Altamont Free Concert was marred when Hells Angels security killed audience member Meredith Hunter during their performance.

Runs with

France
recorded Exile on Main Street there while avoiding British taxes open card →
United Kingdom
formed in and originally subject to British taxation open card →
Vietnam WarPierre Trudeau

The ladder · 9 clues

H

A sitar is featured in the introduction to “Paint it Black” by this British rock band.

H

This band is the main focus of a film featuring a clip of Jefferson Airplane singer Marty Balin getting knocked out.

H

This group suffered a setback in 2006 when its guitar player fell out of a palm tree prior to a concert in Stuttgart.

H

During a performance by this band, Meredith Hunter was killed by the Hell’s Angels who were working security.

H

A documentary about this group includes footage shot at Muscle Shoals.

H

One of this band’s founders, Brian Jones, was dismissed from the band in 1969 and died shortly after. :Name this British rock band, which takes its name from a song by Muddy Waters. Mick Jagger leads this band, whose songs include “Sympathy for the Devil.”

M

This band’s performance at the Altamont Free Concert was marred by the killing of Meredith Hunter by a security guard from the Hells Angels.

M

This band released the album Exile on Main Street while avoiding British taxes in France.

M

Exile on Main St. was an album by this band front by Mick Jagger on vocals and Keith Richards on guitar. Other notable songs by this band include “Sympathy for the Devil” and “Gimme Shelter.”

Watch out: Jefferson Airplane also performed at Altamont, where singer Marty Balin was knocked out
#1189 · Popular Musicians and Groups · Level 1

Michael Jackson

Michael Jackson
Matthew Rolston; Distributed by Epic Records · Public domain

American pop singer · 1958–2009 · United States

Michael Jackson was the "King of Pop" who recorded the best-selling album ever, Thriller, and popularized the moonwalk.

The kit

  • Rise — Michael Jackson became the youngest vocalist to top the U.S. singles chart and later set multiple Guinness World Records.
  • Achievements — Michael Jackson released hits including "Beat It," "Billie Jean," and "Thriller" and bought the Beatles catalogue in 1985.
  • Conflicts — Michael Jackson apologized for using an antisemitic slur in "They Don't Care About Us" and was sued for child abuse.
  • Death & succession — Michael Jackson died in 2009 from actions by Conrad Murray less than a month before his This Is It tour.

Runs with

Ronald Reagan
Reagan praised Jackson at 1984 White House visit open card →
White House
Jackson visited in 1984, praised by Reagan open card →
The Beatles
Jackson bought Beatles catalogue in 1985 open card →
Equestrian Statue

The ladder · 9 clues

H

This artist set Guinness World Records for Most successful concert series, Highest grossing concert Dfilm for This Is It, and Youngest vocalist to top the U.S. singles chart.

H

The music video for this artist’s song “Billie Jean” premiered on MTV after Walter Yetnikoff threatened to expose discriminatory corporate policies. :Name this artist who apologized for using an antisemitic racial slur in his song “They Don’t Care About Us.” During a 1984 White House visit, Ronald Reagan praised this artist, whose signature move was the moonwalk.

H

A member of this star’s band claimed that this star's role as a composer for the game Sonic the Hedgehog 3 was removed from the credits.

M

In 1992, this artist started a foundation that sent money to children affected by war, poverty, and disease, named “Heal the World” after a hit song on his Dangerous album. name this writer of hits such as “Beat It” and “Thriller,” known worldwide as the “King of Pop.”

M

This artist became the owner of the Beatles catalogue after buying it in 1985.

M

This man throws a quarter into a jukebox at the start of a video whose song was covered in 2001 by Alien Ant Farm.

E

Conrad Murray was responsible for the death of this artist, who died in 2009 less than a month before the start of his This Is It tour.

E

The moonwalk was popularized by this American singer who was dubbed the “King of Pop,” whose songs include Thriller and Billie Jean.

E

This collaborator with Paul McCartney on "Say Say Say" owns a patent for "anti-gravity shoes," which he used to lean impossibly far forward in the video for "Smooth Criminal." He declared "There ain't no second chance to kill the thing with the forty eyes, girl" on the best-selling album ever. name this "King of Pop," who had many nose surgeries and got sued for child abuse years after recording Thriller.

Watch out: Paul McCartney (collaborated with Jackson on "Say Say Say" before Jackson bought Beatles catalogue)
#1410 · Sports Teams, Franchises, and Organizations · Level 1

Chicago Cubs

Chicago Cubs
p Chicago Cubs br /p Uploaded by Connormah /a at en.wikipedi · Public domain

Major League Baseball team · 1870–present · Chicago, Illinois

The Chicago Cubs are the oldest active MLB franchise, debuting as the White Stockings in 1870 and adopting their current name in 1907.

The kit

  • Historic drought — Chicago Cubs endured a 108-year World Series drought from 1908 until finally defeating Cleveland in 2016.
  • Home field — Chicago Cubs play at Wrigley Field, named after owner Philip Wrigley whose father built the ivy-covered ballpark.
  • 1980s contention — Chicago Cubs reached the NLCS in 1984 and 1989 behind Ryne Sandberg but failed to advance further.
  • Wartime innovation — Chicago Cubs owner founded the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League in 1943 to sustain baseball interest during World War II.

Runs with

The ladder · 7 clues

H

This current baseball team debuted as the White Stockings in 1870, and adopted its current name in 1907.

H

This Major League Baseball team finally broke its long World Series drought in 2016. …Name this long-suffering franchise that defeated the Cleveland Indians in 7 games to win the title.

H

In 2008, this team won the first-ever no-hitter pitched at a neutral site. :Name this team for which Ron Santo played every year save one of his career.

M

This team reached the NLCS in 1984 and 1989 under the leadership of Ryne Sandberg, but failed to make the World Series.

M

This major league team's owner founded the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League in 1943 to maintain interest in the sport. His father names this team's home stadium Wrigley Field.

E

It is the oldest currently active Major League Baseball team, but the last of its 16 National League pennants came in 1930, and it hasn't won the World Series since 1908. name this Major League Baseball team that plays its games within the ivy-covered friendly confines of Wrigley Field in Chicago.

E

Dallas Green also served as general manager of this baseball team from 1982 to 1987. Highlights of his tenure saw manager Lee Elia call this team’s fans “motherfuckers.” In 2010, this team was managed by Lou Piniella and its top pitcher was Carlos Zambrano.

Watch out: Chicago White Sox (the other Major League Baseball team in Chicago)
#1411 · Sports Teams, Franchises, and Organizations · Level 1

National Football League

National Football League
p National Football League /a · CC-BY-4.0

American professional football league · 1920–present · United States

The National Football League is America's premier professional football organization, founded in 1920 as the APFA and renamed in 1922.

The kit

  • Origins — The National Football League began in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association with teams in Rock Island and Decatur.
  • Integration — The National Football League's color barrier was broken in 1946 when Kenny Washington joined the Los Angeles Rams franchise.
  • Expansion — The National Football League merged with the American Football League in 1970, expanding its reach and competitive structure.
  • Modern controversies — The National Football League has faced criticism over concussion prevention and player protests during the National Anthem under commissioner Roger Goodell.

Runs with

Los Angeles
Kenny Washington integrated NFL with Los Angeles Rams in 1946 open card →
George
George Preston Marshall maintained NFL's color barrier for years open card →

The ladder · 8 clues

H

This group was kept all-white for many years by people including George Preston Marshall.

H

This group was originally conceived in 1920 as the APFA, with representatives in Rock Island and Decatur.

H

Mark Leibovich’s non-fiction best selling book about this entity is entitled “Big Game” and describes how the sport may have “peaked.” This entity was founded in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association, before changing to its current name in 1922.

M

This organization's color barrier was broken in 1946 when former UCLA All-American Kenny Washington joined the Los Angeles franchise. name this American sports league.

M

The Washington member of this group was forced to integrate on the orders of Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall in 1962.

M

This sports league has been accused of not doing enough to prevent concussions in its players, and is currently dealing with controversy over its players and how they are handling the National Anthem. name this professional sports league, led by Roger Goodell, which merged with the American Football League in 1970.

E

This professional sports league began its season in September after cancelling all preseason games and relocating its international games. Six teams, including the Dolphins and Jaguars, allowed fans to attend home games in its first week.

E

The lead counsel on both the Texaco and Coca-Cola suits, Cyrus Mehri, later formed the Fritz Pollard Alliance to lobby this organization to advocate for their employees of color; that lobbying culminated in the Rooney Rule.

Watch out: American Football League (merged with NFL in 1970, not the same organization)
#1414 · Industrial and Technological Disasters · Level 1

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
NASA /a / GSFC /a , MODIS /a Rapid Response AND demis.nl AND · Public domain

Gulf of Mexico oil spill · April 2010 · Macondo Prospect, Gulf of Mexico

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill was the largest marine oil spill in history, triggered by a drilling rig explosion that killed eleven workers.

The kit

  • Explosion — Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill began on April 20, 2010, when a methane gas explosion destroyed the BP-leased drilling rig at Macondo Prospect.
  • Scale — Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill released 4.9 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico, over eighteen times worse than Exxon Valdez.
  • Response — Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill cleanup involved extensive deployment of Corexit dispersants and containment efforts including a failed cement cap at the wellhead.
  • Liability — Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill blame was assigned 67% to BP, 30% to Transocean, and 3% to Halliburton by a U.S. district judge.

Runs with

Mexico
occurred in Gulf of Mexico waters open card →
Louisiana
drilling rig located off Louisiana coast open card →
Texas
Water
largest marine oil spill in history open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

The aftermath of this event involved extensive use of Corexit disperseants, which CEO Tony Hayward controversially claimed were used in quantities negligible in comparison to the “very big ocean.” This event, which took place at the Macondo Prospect, killed 11 people and destroyed a facility leased to BP. name this 2010 event, an explosion and ensuing oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.

H

Though eleven workers lost their lives in this event, chief electronics technician Mike Williams survived the initial conflagration that started it by jumping from a height of ten stories.

H

This industrial site on the Macondo Prospect suffered a 2010 explosion that claimed eleven lives and injured seventeen others.

H

At one point during this ongoing catastrophe, the Obama administration rejected Donald Trump’s offer of technical assistance.

H

In the aftermath of this event, Ken Salazar claimed it was his job to “keep the boot on the neck” of its perpetrator.

H

Containment of this 2010 event was aided by an alkane-digesting, halophilic bacterium named Alcanivorax.

H

Salazar concerns the legitimacy of continued exploratory drilling after this disaster.

H

The ongoing case Hornbeck Offshore Services LLC v.

H

Answer the following about man-made disasters, .This 2010 event was triggered when a methane gas explosion occurred on the namesake mobile drilling unit, which led to 4.9 million barrels of oil being leaked into water off the coast of Texas.

H

A 2022 environmental study by Denic-Roberts et al. revealed metabolic effects of the mass deployment of the toxic agent Corexit during this event. :What largest oil spill in history occurred when a platform on the Macondo Prospect exploded in 2010?

H

As bad as Exxon Valdez was, this 2010 spill in the Gulf of Mexico was over 18 times worse. This spill began when the namesake BP drilling rig exploded a few miles off the coast of Louisiana.

M

Eleven workers lost their lives in the catalyst to this event, the explosion of a drilling rig in the Macondo prospect off the coast of Louisiana. name this largest marine oil spill in history, the responsibility of a British energy company.

M

When assessing damage claims resulting from this accident, a U.S. district judge assigned 3% F of the blame to Halliburton, 30% to Transcocean, and 67% to BP. what 2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was the costliest in history?

M

During this event, a cement cap failed to prevent the wellhead blowout at the Macondo Prospect.

E

What was the name of the Gulf of Mexico-based oil rig whose 2010 explosion resulted in the largest marine oil spill in history?

4 more clues from the record
H

Kurt Mix was charged for his role in this event, after deleting hundreds of voicemails about operation “top kill.” Tony Heyward was castigated for asking if he could “have [his] life back” during its fallout.

H

This oil rig caused eleven deaths when it exploded on April 20, 2010. :Identify this offshore oil rig whose explosion has led to the largest offshore oil spill in United States history.

H

This event, which occurred 21 years after a similar event at Ixtoc I, was blamed on contractors for Halliburton and Transocean.

H

A vast amount of the emulsifier Corexit was used in the aftermath of this event.

Watch out: Ixtoc I oil spill (similar offshore drilling disaster that occurred 21 years earlier)
#1512 · General · Level 1

Alaska

Alaska
Benny Benson · Public domain

U.S. state · purchased 1867, statehood 1959 · northwestern North America

Alaska is a U.S. state purchased from Russia in 1867 in a transaction known as 'Seward's Folly.'

The kit

  • Purchase & exploration — Alaska was explored for Russia by naturalist George Wilhelm Steller, who discovered Steller's Sea Cow in the region.
  • Natural disasters — Alaska suffered the largest earthquake in U.S. history in 1964, centered near Prince William Sound, killing 131 people and triggering deadly tsunamis.
  • Economic development — Alaska became economically significant after oil was discovered at Prudhoe Bay in 1968, transforming the state's economy.
  • Modern politics — Alaska was represented by Senator Ted Stevens, who called the Internet a 'series of tubes' and died in a 2010 plane crash.

Runs with

Russia
sold Alaska to the U.S. open card →
William Henry Seward
negotiated the purchase, called 'Seward's Folly' open card →
William
William Duncan established Native reservation open card →
Land
explored as Russian land open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

This state was represented by Senator Ted Stevens, who died in a 2010 plane crash.

H

A governor of this state fired Public Safety Commissioner Walt Monegan, who claimed he was fired because he wouldn’t dismiss a state trooper embroiled in a custody battle with the governor’s sister.

H

An explorer suffering from scurvy accidentally discovered Kayak Island in this region, dying on his return to a European nation.

H

Mark Begich is one of only eight Senators to have been elected in what state?

H

The Ballinger-Pinchot controversy arose over conservation efforts in this territory.

H

In 1968, oil was discovered in this state’s Prudhoe Bay.

H

Over a hundred people died in this state during the 1964 Good Friday earthquake, which triggered tsunamis that killed five people in Oregon.

M

131 people died in 1964 from various effects caused by the largest earthquake in U.S. history whose epicenter was 12 miles north of Prince William Sound in this U.S. state.

M

The memorial site of Castle Hill in this region is sometimes named after Alexander Baranov, who established a provisional capital here in the early 1800s after defeating Tlingit natives.

M

This state’s largest cargo port lies on the Knik Arm of the Cook Inlet and suffered greatly during the 1964 Good Friday earthquake.

M

While exploring this land for Russia, naturalist George Wilhelm Stellar discovered his namesake Sea Cow.

M

A governor of this state wrote the book Going Rogue and served as John McCain’s running mate in 2008.

E

A mayor of this state’s city of Wasilla became Governor and, in 2008, John McCain’s running mate. name this state once led by Sarah Palin.

E

This state’s senator Ted Stevens was criticized for pushing the “Bridge to Nowhere” project.

E

A transaction involving this territory was known as “Seward’s Folly”.

10 more clues from the record
H

This state was the primary destination of Warren G. Harding’s “Voyage of Understanding,” after which he died of a heart attack.

H

A senator from here infamously described the Internet as a “series of tubes” and died in a 2010 plane crash.

H

Japanese forces bombed Dutch Harbor in this state during World War II.

H

In 2006, a senator from this state said the Internet was “not a big truck,” but rather a “series of tubes.” Until Orrin Hatch, the longest-serving Republican senator was a man from this state, who served from 1968 to 2009, when he lost reelection amid a corruption trial.

H

During World War Two, Japanese invaders transported natives from this state's islands of Attu and Kiska to Hokkaido. name this state, home to various Aleut and Inuit tribes, as well as the cities of Juneau and Anchorage.

H

In an incident in this state, "Bootlegger Cove" near Cook Inlet suffered landslide damage while William George Taylor of the FAA was killed in his control tower.

H

This territory was believed to be the target of a British attack by Eduard de Stoeckl which led him to hand this territory over to Lovell Rousseau during a flag ceremony at Sitka.

H

This state’s only remaining Native American reservation was established by Anglican missionary William Duncan and the Tsimshian [[shim-SHEE-uhn]] people.

H

Joe Miller disputed an election in this state by claiming that write-in ballots did not correctly spell his opponent’s last name, Murkowski.

H

That event, which was centered in this state, damaged the Million Dollar Bridge and later led to the deaths of twelve people in Crescent City, California.

Watch out: The 1964 Good Friday earthquake is sometimes confused with other Pacific earthquakes
#1526 · General · Level 1

Minnesota

Minnesota
Original: /div Minnesota State Emblems Redesign Commission / · Public domain

U.S. state · admitted 1858 · Upper Midwest

Minnesota is a U.S. state whose Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party has produced national figures including Hubert Humphrey and Walter Mondale.

The kit

  • Politics — Minnesota was the only state won by Walter Mondale in 1984 and elected Reform Party wrestler Jesse Ventura as governor.
  • Resources — Minnesota's Mesabi Iron Range has yielded ore deposits since the 19th century, including the world's largest open-pit iron mine at Hibbing.
  • Conflicts — Minnesota's Fort Snelling served as an internment camp during the 1862 Dakota War along the state's namesake river.
  • Economy — Minnesota is home to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester and headquarters 3M in a suburb of Saint Paul.

Runs with

Volstead Act
Land
Ojibwe ceded land in Treaty of Old Crossing open card →
Mississippi River
Ronald Reagan
Reagan defeated Mondale in 49 states in 1984 open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

Rick Kahn delivered a partisan eulogy for a politician from this state who died in a plane crash days before an election against Norm Coleman.

H

Fort Snelling was built in this state and served as an internment camp during the 1862 Dakota War, which broke out along this state’s namesake river.

H

In this state, miners have extracted ore deposits since the 19th century from its Mesabi Iron Range in its Arrowhead region.

H

A citizen of this state who earned the last Medal of Honor issued in the Indian Wars was Oscar Burkard, who fought in this state’s Battle of Sugar Point.

H

The Ojibwe's Pembina and Red Lake bands ceded land in this state in the Treaty of Old Crossing.

H

Miners flocked to this state following a discovery in its Vermilion Range.

H

During a debate on whether communism should be illegal, Thomas Dewey told a governor of this state “you can’t shoot an idea with a gun.” Harold Stassen served as governor of this state, which was represented in the Senate by a man who called for the Democratic Party to “walk forth-rightfully into the bright sunshine of human rights” and lost the 1968 presidential election.

M

The Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party is active in this home state of Eugene McCarthy and Hubert Humphrey, where Mark Dayton serves as Governor from Saint Paul.

M

In this state, Norm Coleman lost to a candidate of the Democratic- Farmer-Labor Party, a former Air America Radio host who resigned from the Senate in 2018 after sexual misconduct allegations.

M

The Reform Party’s greatest electoral success was electing former wrestler Jesse “The Body” Ventura to the governorship of what state?

M

The Merritt Brothers found taconite ore mines in this state, which is the site of the world's largest open pit iron ore mine at Hibbing.

M

Charles Alfred Pillsbury founded his namesake company in this state, where its flour mills competed with rival General Mills.

E

In the Election of 1984, this was the only state won by Walter Mondale. name this state where Hubert Humphrey failed to become mayor of Minneapolis.

E

The Mayo Clinic was founded in Rochester in, what US state where 3M is headquartered in a suburb of St. Paul?

E

The Democratic and Farmer-Labor parties are combined in this home state of Hubert Humphrey and Walter Mondale whose capital is Saint Paul.

10 more clues from the record
H

During one debate, a governor from this state who unsuccessfully ran nine times for the Republican presidential nomination was told, “You can’t shoot an idea with a gun.” Harold Stassen once governed this state, and a senator from this state introduced the first bill calling for the creation of the Peace Corps.

H

Another politician from this state ran an antiwar campaign for president in 1968; that senator from this state served as Lyndon Johnson’s Vice President.

H

A governor of this state told citizens not to “vote for politics as usual,” winning on the Reform Party platform.

H

One senator from this state, Paul Wellstone, died in a plane crash and was replaced on the ticket by a former vice president.

H

A body of water here was given a faux-Native American name by Henry Schoolcraft, who combined the Latin words for “truth” and “head.” The Treaty of 1818 gave this state’s territory an exclave north of the 49th Parallel, on the other side of the Lake of the Woods.

H

Thousands of residents of this state threatened to invade Canada to free John Gilfillan, Loren Fletcher, and Eugene Wilson, who had been arrested after attempting to kidnap conman Lord Gordon Gordon.

H

In 2019, this state’s Supreme Court heard arguments over the name change of Bde Maka Ska [be-DAY mah-KAH-ska], a lake in Hennepin County previously named for John Calhoun.

H

A novel set in this state that frequently references the U.S.'s entry into World War One centers on a woman who fails to work with the Jolly Seventeen and the Thanatopsis Club.

H

A portion of the Northwest Ordinance region was disputed between the U.S. and Prince Rupert's Land and is today mostly comprised of Superior National Forest in this U.S. state.

H

In a novel predominantly set in this state, Marie Lazarre marries her rapist, Nector, while June Morrissey freezes to death en route to a reservation.

Watch out: Harold Stassen, nine-time Republican presidential candidate, was governor here, not a Democrat like Humphrey
#1587 · General · Level 1

Arizona

Arizona
Original: /div Unknown author /div Vector: /div Madden /a · Public domain

U.S. state · statehood 1912 · southwestern United States

Arizona is a southwestern U.S. state whose southern portion was acquired through the Gadsden Purchase of 1853.

The kit

  • Geography — Arizona's capital Phoenix was established using refurbished Hohokam canals for irrigation.
  • Civil War — Arizona saw the Battle of Picacho Pass, the westernmost clash of the Civil War between Union and Confederate forces.
  • Political figures — Arizona senators Barry Goldwater lost to LBJ in 1964 and John McCain was the 2008 Republican presidential nominee.
  • Legal legacy — Arizona originated the Miranda case, which established the requirement that rights be read to arrested individuals.

Runs with

Barry Goldwater
served as Arizona senator and 1964 presidential candidate open card →
Attack on Pearl Harbor
USS Arizona battleship sank with 1,177 sailors killed open card →
John McCain
represented Arizona as senator and 2008 nominee open card →
Phoenix
serves as Arizona's state capital open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

In 1964 Ronald Reagan gave his “Time For Choosing Speech” in favor of a senator from this state.

H

In this state, a small detachment of Union forces clashed with Confederates at the Battle of Piacacho Pass, the westernmost of the Civil War.

H

The territory that became this state was governed by the Howell Code and Hoyt Code.

H

A camel-topped, pyramidal monument in this state honors “Hi Jolly,” a camel driver who helped explore this state.

H

One unsuccessful presidential candidate from this state lost to LBJ in 1964 and was named Barry Goldwater.

H

Settlers of this state irrigated their farms with refurbished canals built by the ancient Hohokam culture.

H

Barry Goldwater, a senator from this state, was Johnson’s opponent in the 1964 election.

M

This state was the origin of a court case that resulted in rights being read to people being arrested.

M

In this state, Ike Clanton fought with Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday at the O.K Corral in Tombstone.

M

This home of Barry Goldwater and the Miranda case is also where the 2008 Republican presidential nominee was a senator.

M

In 2011, a representative from this state, Gabrielle Giffords, was shot in the head by an attempted assassin.

M

A battleship named after this state sank due to a magazine explosion during Pearl Harbor, leading to the deaths of 1,177 sailors.

E

John McCain was a senator from this southwestern state with capital at Phoenix.

E

The southern portion of this state, along with New Mexico, was acquired via the Gadsden Purchase of 1853. name this state led from Phoenix.

E

This state’s town of Tombstone was the site of the O.K Corral shootout. name this southwestern state with capital at Phoenix.

10 more clues from the record
H

A legend about a prostitute and a glass-eyed delegate from this state surrounds the move of this state’s capital four times in a 25 year period. 1,300 miners from this state were kidnapped and brought to a neighboring state in the 1917 Bisbee Deportation.

H

The use of crosshairs on a national election map on Palin’s website was stopped after a January 2011 incident when Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords was shot in this state.

H

This state’s governor, Evan Mecham, raised a national furor by canceling Martin Luther King Day in 1987; he was impeached for obstruction of justice in 1988.

H

The perpetrator of that crime in this state was stabbed to death there in a bar argument in 1976 and had previously made money giving autographs to police officers.

H

In this state, "Children at Play" signs with racist stereotypes were placed at a church, after which Sherman McCane attacked deputies, leading to the Miracle Valley shootout.

H

An article about an event in this state led to a 2017 defamation lawsuit against The New York Times by Sarah Palin.

H

Nelson Miles used Ft. Huachuca [[hwah-CHOO-kah]] in this state as his base while trying to capture Geronimo.

H

This state’s junior senator criticized Donald Trump’s “undermining of democratic norms” and “flagrant disregard for truth”.

H

A large manhunt occurred after six people were killed in this state's Ruby Murders by bandits.

H

An official in this state required people to live in Tent City and wear pink underwear.

Watch out: The USS Arizona sank at Pearl Harbor, but the state itself was not attacked
#1747 · General · Level 1

1990s

1990s
Arranged by b Bacon Noodles /b /span · Public domain

decade · 1990–1999 · global

The 1990s saw the Soviet Union's dissolution, the end of apartheid in South Africa, and major U.S. military interventions.

The kit

  • U.S. politics — The 1990s featured Bill Clinton's presidency, his impeachment over the Monica Lewinsky scandal, and Ross Perot's two presidential campaigns.
  • Post-Soviet transition — The 1990s witnessed Boris Yeltsin's failed "shock therapy" economic reforms and a "loans-for-shares" voucher system that created Russian oligarchs.
  • Military conflicts — The 1990s included the Gulf War against Iraq, the Battle of Mogadishu where eighteen U.S. soldiers died, and NATO's bombing of Yugoslavia.
  • African transitions — The 1990s saw apartheid's dismantling and Nelson Mandela's election as South Africa's president in the first multiracial elections.

Runs with

Yugoslavia
NATO bombed Yugoslavia during Kosovo War open card →
Bill Clinton
served as president, impeached over Lewinsky open card →
American Railway UnionBakumatsu Period

The ladder · 15 clues

H

In the first year [emphasize] after this decade, the PRI lost its first presidential election in seven decades.

H

During this decade, economist and presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio was assassinated while campaigning in Tijuana.

H

In that film’s country of origin, the life expectancy for men during this decade dropped to as low as fifty-seven years.

H

In an incident known as the “Day of the Rangers,” eighteen American soldiers were killed in this decade while the U.S. was trying to capture warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid.

H

year in which the Baltic states left the Soviet Union one year before its general dissolution?

H

During this decade, the U.S. opted to reinstate a president deposed in a coup during Operation Uphold Democracy.

H

The book and film Black Hawk Down were inspired by an incident in this decade.

M

Billionaire Ross Perot ran for president twice during this decade which saw the creation of NAFTA and the Gulf War.

M

The “December Mistake” occurred in this decade and led to an abrupt devaluation of the peso after the election of Ernesto Zedillo.

M

A largely unsuccessful reform that took place during this decade operated by issuing vouchers to the population, who often promptly traded or sold them.

M

During this decade, the U.S. reinstated President Aristide in Haiti, fought the Battle of Mogadishu in Somalia, and participated in NATO’s bombing of Yugoslavia in the Kosovo War. name this decade in which the U.S. fought the first Gulf War against Iraq.

M

A “loans-for-shares” voucher system implemented by Anatoly Chubais during this decade led to most of the country’s resources being controlled by a group of “oligarchs.” “Shock therapy” under Boris Yeltsin failed to spark economic recovery in this decade, leading to the rise of a young Vladimir Putin. in what decade did the ruble collapse following the fall of the Soviet Union?

E

A president during this decade was impeached after news broke out of a scandal involving Monica Lewinsky. name this decade, during much of which Bill Clinton was president.

E

Botswana was controlled by a political alliance known as the A-Team during this decade, during which apartheid ended and Nelson Mandela was elected president of South Africa.

E

The "Gang of Eight" failed to perpetrate a coup in this decade after a future president gave a speech on top of a tank.

10 more clues from the record
H

Decade in which apartheid was dismantled and multiracial elections first took place?

H

The term prikhvatizatsiya (preekh-vuh-tee-ZOTTS-yeh) describes the large-scale snatching of resources during this decade. :Identify this decade in which apartments were bombed in Moscow as part of the Dagestan (DOG-eh-stahn) War. A man who became president in this decade was photographed standing on a tank in Red Square in defiance of the August coup during its early years.

H

In this decade, Preston Manning and the Reform Party campaigned against a constitutional amendment, the second to propose recognizing one region as a “distinct society.” A federal election in this decade saw the first participation of the Bloc Québécois and featured an ad that appeared to attack a party leader’s Bell’s palsy.

H

In this decade, the AFDC was replaced with TANF as part of what the President called an “end” to one system “as we know it.” Dick Armey became House Majority Leader during this decade, when he helped create proposals like the Taking Back Our Streets Act.

H

In the first year of this decade, Paul Keating said Australia was having a recession it “had to have,” having earlier called it a “banana republic.” :Name this decade when New Zealand pursued “Ruthanasia,” a continuation of the previous decade’s “Rogernomics.” The Asian financial crisis occurred at the end of this decade.

H

A garbled statement by a politician in this decade popularized the slogan “we wanted the best, but it turned out like always.” USAID received over 26 million dollars from Harvard as a result of a lawsuit claiming it had been defrauded in actions taken during this decade.

H

During this decade, a religious movement that included the brother of actress Nichelle Nichols published the statement "Do ’s Final Exit." Earlier in this decade, a group that venerated Isaac Asimov's Foundation Trilogy tried to take vengeance on judges in the Matsumoto incident.

H

A party founded during this decade used a logo displaying a statue of the medieval knight Alberto da Giussano. During this decade, the prosecutors Paolo Borsellino and Giovanni Falcone were both killed eight weeks apart in Mafia-planned bombings.

H

Almost 200 people died in street fights during a constitutional crisis in this decade, discussed in the Letter of the Forty-Two, after a president declared a “special regime” to grant himself powers to bypass parliament.

H

The G3 trade deal was signed in this decade, during which Max Appedole deduced the identity of a suspected terrorist by comparing prose styles of published manifestos and entries into Jesuit literary contests.

Watch out: The PRI lost its first presidential election in 2000, the first year after this decade, not during it
#1755 · US Congressional Figures · Level 1

John McCain

John McCain
United States Congress · Public domain

U.S. Senator and presidential candidate · 1936–2018 · Arizona

John McCain was a Vietnam War POW, six-term Arizona senator, and 2008 Republican presidential nominee who lost to Barack Obama.

The kit

  • Rise — John McCain graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy, was shot down during Operation Rolling Thunder, and endured torture at the Hanoi Hilton POW camp.
  • Achievements — John McCain co-sponsored the 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act with Russ Feingold to restrict soft money in elections.
  • Conflicts — John McCain was the only Republican among the Keating Five accused of corruption and survived smears about his adopted Bangladeshi daughter.
  • Legacy — John McCain gave a dramatic thumbs-down vote against Affordable Care Act repeal shortly after returning from brain surgery in 2017.

Runs with

Arizona
represented Arizona in Senate for six terms starting 1987 open card →
Barack Obama
lost 2008 presidential election to Obama open card →
Senate
served as Armed Services Committee Chair from 2015 open card →
Panama Canal
born in Panama Canal Zone, confirmed natural-born citizen open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

This man and Russ Feingold co-sponsored the 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act.

H

This man, the only Republican member of the Keating Five, became Chair of the Senate Armed Services Committee in 2015.

H

During a brutal South Carolina primary, this man was accused of fathering a black child, a reference to his adopted daughter from Bangladesh.

H

This man escaped from the cockpit of an A-4E Skyhawk whose fuel tank was ignited during the deadly USS Forrestal fire.

H

Along with Russ Feingold, this senator sponsored the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 meant to restrict election contributions.

H

In 2000, this man co-sponsored a bill aimed at "soft money" that was later partially invalidated by the Citizens United case, along with Wisconsin Democrat Russ Feingold.

H

After being implicated as part of the Keating Five, this man fought for stricter campaign finance laws leading to an Act with Russ Feingold in 2002.

M

This senator gave an infamous thumbs down when voting against the repeal of the Affordable Care Act.

M

This man, who was permanently injured during a fire on board the USS Forrestal, sponsored a campaign finance reform act with Russ Feingold and entered the Senate by winning a seat vacated by Barry Goldwater. name this Vietnam War veteran and longtime Arizona congressman.

M

Push polls in South Carolina tanked this man’s 2000 presidential primary campaign, and his later Presidential run fell apart after choosing Sarah Palin as his running mate. name this runner-up in the 2008 Presidential Election, an Arizona senator who died in 2018.

M

This man was the only Republican to be part of the “Keating Five” group accused of political corruption.

M

David Foster Wallace’s reporting on this politician for Rolling Stone was published into a book titled for this man’s campaign bus.

E

Senator Paul Wellstone introduced an amendment to a 2002 Campaign Reform Act co- sponsored by Russ Feingold and what Arizona Republican?

E

The 2008 Republican candidateforU.S.presidentwas,fortenpoints this politician who died in 2018.

E

Barack Obama's opponent in 2008 this Republican senator from Arizona and Vietnam War hero.

10 more clues from the record
H

This man's plane was next to Fred White's when a Zuni rocket malfunctioned and slammed a Skyhawk plane, causing the 1967 USS Forrestal fire.

H

This man refused early release from a POW camp known as the “Hanoi Hilton” to deprive North Vietnam of a public relations opportunity.

H

An endorsement from Charlie Crist helped this man win his party’s Florida primary over Rudy Giuliani.

H

This man's father was commander of U.S. forces in Vietnam, but this man was still imprisoned and tortured by the North Vietnamese.

H

This aviator graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy and was shot down during Operation Rolling Thunder.

H

This politician succeeded Barry Goldwater as senatorfrom Arizona in 1987.

H

This man rode the Straight Talk Express while meeting voters and was harmed by a smear tactic claiming his adopted Bangladeshi daughter was actually a child he fathered through an affair.

H

King’s Instagram depicts this senator on an Armed Services Committee trip to Saudi Arabia, as well as just before this senator’s vote against the “Skinny Repeal” during his return from brain surgery.

H

This politician investigated the myth that lots of unaccounted-for soldiers known by the acronym P·O·W/M·I·A were "left behind" in Vietnam. This longtime Arizona Senator lost the 2008 Presidential election.

H

A unanimous Senate resolution affirmed that people born in the Panama Canal Zone were natural-born American citizens, which was a relief to this Arizona senator and 2008 presidential candidate.

Watch out: Confused with Barry Goldwater, whose Arizona Senate seat McCain won in 1987
#1777 · Political Offices and Titles · Level 1

Speaker of the House of Representatives

Speaker of the House of Representatives
Shin-改 /a ( talk /span /a ) · Public domain

Presiding officer of U.S. House · 1789–present · United States Capitol

Speaker of the House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the U.S. House of Representatives and second in the presidential line of succession.

The kit

  • Powers — Speaker of the House of Representatives controls committee assignments, sets the legislative calendar, and appoints members to the Rules Committee.
  • Notable holders — Speaker of the House of Representatives was first held by Frederick Muhlenberg and later by Henry Clay, Sam Rayburn, Newt Gingrich, and Nancy Pelosi.
  • Presidential succession — Speaker of the House of Representatives is second in line to the presidency after the vice president.
  • Reed Rules — Speaker of the House of Representatives Thomas Reed ended the disappearing quorum tactic by counting present members who refused to vote, earning the nickname "Czar Reed".

Runs with

America
leads lower house of U.S. Congress open card →
James
James Polk only holder to become president open card →
George
Bill Clinton
Bob Livingston resigned after criticizing Clinton's affair open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

The first holder of this position, Frederick Muhlenberg, was the first person to sign the Bill of Rights.

H

John Boehner [[BAY-ner]] resigned from this position in 2015 following a speech from Pope Francis the day prior.

H

One man who held this post ended the disappearing quorum by barricading Democrats in and was nicknamed “Czar Reed”.

H

According to a false legend, the first person in this position was responsible for German not becoming an official language of the United States; that man was Frederick Muhlenberg.

H

The longest holder of this position was Sam Rayburn, and the only holder of this position to later become President has been James Polk.

H

In 1998 Bob Livingston was set to assume this post until an extramarital affair forced him to resign since he had been loudly critical of Bill Clinton’s affair.

H

A man in this position counted people as present even if they didn’t vote to combat the “disappearing quorum” tactic via one of his namesake rules.

M

That person who held this position from 1999 to 2007 was Dennis Hastert.

M

One holder of this position returned a 4.5 million dollar advance from HarperCollins for two books, the first of which was To Renew America. This was the highest position held by the man who introduced the “Majority of the Majority” Rule and who was accused of inappropriate behavior as a wrestling coach at Yorkville High School in Illinois.

M

Henry Clay held this position during the debate over the Missouri Compromise.

M

This position is second in the U.S. line of succession following the vice president.

M

Jo Byrns suffered a heart attack after taking this position, and James Traficant was stripped of his party seniority after voting for a Republican for this position.

E

Dennis Hastert replaced Newt Gingrich in this position in the House currently held by Nancy Pelosi.

E

Nancy Pelosi was the first female holder of, what political position, currently held by Paul Ryan, that leads the lower house of U.S. Congress?

E

The only President to hold this office, James Polk, used it to invoke a “gag rule” about slavery petitions. name this leader of the House of Representatives.

10 more clues from the record
H

Robert Hunter gained this post thanks to Democrat success in the Broad Seal War.

H

An election to this post in 1855 took 133 ballots to declare a winner, Nathaniel Banks.

H

One holder of this position, also a convicted felon, is the namesake of a rule that only allows bills supported by a majority of Republicans to see a full vote.

H

After the 1994 midterm elections, Newt Gingrich became the first Republican in forty years to hold this position.

H

Thomas Reed earned the nickname "Czar" after claiming this position by using his status with the Rules Committee.

H

One holder of this position fought the Battle of Reed Rules in order to eliminate the disappearing quorum.

H

This position controls appointments to the Rules Committee and is second in the presidential succession.

H

The policies of a holder of this position led “Buck” Kilgore to kick his way through a locked door while shouting “make way for liberty!” The absence of his supporters, who were off getting drunk for St. Patrick’s Day, doomed a holder of this title who was succeeded by Champ Clark.

H

This congressional post, which sets the calendars and handles committee assignments, has also gained much attention due to its ability to determine agenda. The most famous example of a powerful one may be Joe Cannon.

H

This was the highest office held by a man depicted as a screaming baby by cartoonists after complaining about being "forced to use the rear door" on Air Force One.

Watch out: Frederick Muhlenberg did not prevent German from becoming an official U.S. language (false legend)
#1856 · General · Level 1

Firearms

Firearms
Henrickson /a at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0

Gunpowder weapons · 16th–21st centuries · Global

Firearms are weapons protected by the Second Amendment whose mass production pioneered interchangeable parts manufacturing in America.

The kit

  • Manufacturing innovations — Firearms were the first products made using Eli Whitney's interchangeable parts paradigm, initially for cotton gin patent enforcement contracts.
  • 19th-century development — Firearms improvements were suggested by Samuel Walker for Hartford, Connecticut manufacturers, while Samuel Colt later mass-produced these weapons.
  • Legal battles — Firearms bans were struck down in DC v. Heller and McDonald v. Chicago, while the Brady Bill mandated federal background checks.
  • Historical impact — Firearms allowed Oda Nobunaga to decimate cavalry at Nagashino in 1575 and were key to Eurasian hegemony per Jared Diamond.

Runs with

Gunpowder
propellant used in firearms open card →
Nanda Empire
Bill Clinton
signed Brady Bill requiring background checks open card →
Māori

The ladder · 15 clues

H

In 1863, Christopher Spencer demonstrated one of these objects to Abraham Lincoln on the National Mall, after which the U.S. ordered over 13,000 of them.

H

While trying to enforce his cotton gin patents, Eli Whitney got a contract to make these devices with interchangeable parts.

H

In 2008, Otis McDonald sued the city of Chicago over a ban on these items; the Supreme Court struck down that ban shortly after deciding a similar case, DC vs. Heller.

H

These objects, one of which was nicknamed “Tick-licker,” were the first products made using Eli Whitney’s paradigm of replaceable parts.

H

General class of weapon whose long range allowed him to decimate enemy cavalry at Nagashino in 1575.

H

It is unsure whether one of these objects strangely called “Lucretia Borgia” was misspelled with a “t” rather than a “z” on purpose or by error.

H

Soldiers on both sides of the Revolutionary War used the “Brown Bess” variety of these objects.

M

Shipments of these things were nicknamed "Beecher's Bibles" during Bleeding Kansas.

M

Later "big history" writer Jared Diamond argued that these weapons, along with "Germs" and "Steel," were key to Eurasian hegemony.

M

Lopez, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress couldn’t use its Commerce Clause powers to restrict these things from certain zones.

M

Davy Crockett possessed several of these objects nicknamed “Betsy.” many varieties of what weapon operated using a flintlock device?

M

At a 2000 rally, Charlton Heston claimed that he would not give these goods up unless Al Gore pried them “from [his] cold, dead hands.” James Brady names a legislation that mandates federal background checks for purchasing these goods. name these goods whose sale began to be restricted following the Columbine Massacre.

E

Samuel Walker suggested improvements to these things manufactured in Hartford, Connecticut.

E

Samuel Colt mass produced these weapons in the 19th century. name these weapons, which are protected under the Second Amendment.

E

As the head of an organization advocating for these items, Charlton Heston stated that Al Gore could take one from his “cold dead hands.” The Brady Bill requires federal background checks be performed before buying this objects that are the subject of the 2nd Amendment.

10 more clues from the record
H

In Africa’s Discovery of Europe, David Northrup notes that, from 1750 to 1807, Africans bought over 20 million of these “triangular trade” manufactured goods, which were typically Dutch on the “Slave Coast.” :Name these products that included “Danes” and Belgian-made “lazarinas” traded by the Ovimbundu. Wadai and Gonja slave raids drove cyclical demand for these items, which later included a type named for Hiram Maxim used in Matabeleland.

H

A Lenin quote made in the aftermath of the Kronstadt Soviet says “Here or there with” one of these objects, “but not with opposition.” Activist Cesar Lopez presented a guitar inspired by the shape of these objects, the escopetarra, to the current Dalai Lama, who used the word “reasonable” in a statement about them in Portland, Oregon.

H

Identify the following about the presidency of Bill Clinton, .In his first year in office, Clinton signed the Brady Bill which required federal background checks when purchasing one of these objects.

H

Thomas Blanchard created a copying lathe which automated the manufacture of a complicated component in these things, and Simeon North developed one of the first milling machines to make them.

H

Guiteau used one of these weapons to kill Garfield, which he chose because he thought it would look good in a museum. The Second Amendment protects people's rights to own these weapons.

H

These items are the focus of Virginia's Project Exile, and sociologist John Lott analyzed the overall government cost of not providing this kind of good to families.

H

At the 1938 Sixth Plenary Congress, a leader stated that “Every Communist must grasp the truth” before making a famous statement about these objects.

H

The majority opinion in a Supreme Court case involving these things hinged on a distinction between the “operative” and “prefatory” portions of a certain text.

H

The island of Tanegashima lends its name to an early design of these objects, which the swordsmith Yaita struggled to add screw holes into at first.

H

US claimed that a law pertaining to these goods violated the 10th amendment by “impressing” CLEOs [clee-ose] to serve the national government.

Watch out: Students confuse Eli Whitney's firearms contract with his cotton gin invention
#1870 · General · Level 1

United States Attorney General

United States Attorney General
U.S. government · Public domain

Cabinet position · 1789–present · United States

United States Attorney General is the head of the Department of Justice and serves as the chief lawyer of the federal government.

The kit

  • Origins — United States Attorney General was first held by Edmund Randolph in 1789, followed by William Bradford under George Washington.
  • Notable holders — United States Attorney General was held by Robert F. Kennedy, who prosecuted Teamsters president Jimmy Hoffa, and A. Mitchell Palmer during the Red Scare.
  • Resignations — United States Attorney General Elliot Richardson resigned rather than fire Archibald Cox during the Saturday Night Massacre in 1973.
  • First woman — United States Attorney General Janet Reno was the first woman appointed to the position, serving throughout Bill Clinton's entire administration.

Runs with

William
William Wirt served longest in this position open card →
Bill Clinton
appointed Janet Reno as first female holder open card →
Senate
confirms appointments to this Cabinet position open card →
John
John J. Crittenden held position on non-consecutive occasions open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

The first woman to serve in this Cabinet post was Janet Reno, who served for Bill Clinton’s entire administration.

H

This position was held on non-consecutive occasions by John J. Crittenden.

H

The first woman to hold this position ordered the seizure of Elian Gonzalez and was named Janet Reno. name this “chief lawyer” of the United States.

H

Charles Devens held this position during Rutherford B. Hayes’ presidency, and the person who served longest in this position was William Wirt.

H

The man who held this post under Millard Fillmore had previously resigned this position under William Henry Harrison.

H

Position held by Elliot Richardson until the Saturday Night Massacre, when he resigned rather than fire the special prosecutor.

H

While holding this office, Harry Daugherty was cleared of all charges in relation to the Teapot Dome Scandal.

M

Elliot Richardson resigned this post rather than fire Archibald Cox.

M

Cabinet position held under Wilson by A. Mitchell Palmer, who raided leftists during the Red Scare.

M

Bill Clinton appointed the first female holder of this position, Janet Reno. While holding this position, Robert F. Kennedy prosecuted the Teamsters’ president Jimmy Hoffa.

M

Frank Murphy and Robert Jackson both held this office before Franklin Roosevelt appointed them to the Supreme Court.

M

Before becoming Abraham Lincoln’s Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton served in this cabinet position under James Buchanan.

E

Edmund Randolph was the first to serve as this head of the Department of Justice, a position currently held by Loretta Lynch.

E

Edmund Randolph first held this Cabinet position currently held by Eric Holder.

E

William Bradford served in this position under George Washington after succeeding the first holder of this position, Edmund Randolph.

10 more clues from the record
H

Caesar Rodney resigned this position in 1811 when he wasn’t appointed to the Supreme Court.

H

The current holder of this position required 166 days to be confirmed by the Senate.

H

A man in this position quoted Romeo and Juliet's lines about the world being in "love with night" in a speech at the Democratic National Convention and had earlier investigated Jimmy Hoffa and the Teamsters.

H

One woman who was nominated for this Cabinet position by President Bill Clinton was forced to withdraw her nomination because she had hired illegal immigrants.

H

Another holder of this position authorized an assault on the Branch Davidian compound during the Waco siege, and ordered the return of Elián González.

H

Another man who held it was married to a woman who names an effect in which psychiatrists mistake patients' perception of real events as delusions.

H

A man who once held this Cabinet position later founded the group "VotetoImpeach" directed against George W. Bush.

H

While holding this position, one politician was confronted in his hospital bed about his refusal to reapprove the Stellar Wind program.

H

The man elected to the Senate to replace John Eaton, Felix Grundy, also succeeded Eaton in this post and was the 13th man to hold this position.

H

Besides Homer Cummings, Mrs. Mabel Willebrandt was appointed assistant to this post by Warren Harding, serving under Harry M.

Watch out: Edwin Stanton held this position under Buchanan before becoming Lincoln's Secretary of War
#1926 · Historic Cities · Level 1

Oklahoma City bombing

Oklahoma City bombing
Staff Sergeant Preston Chasteen · Public domain

1995 domestic terrorist attack · April 19, 1995 · Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist attack on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building carried out by Timothy McVeigh using a truck bomb.

The kit

  • Planning — Oklahoma City bombing was perpetrated by Timothy McVeigh using a rented Ryder truck filled with explosives as the weapon.
  • Motivation — Oklahoma City bombing was timed for the second anniversary of the Waco siege and inspired by Ruby Ridge and The Turner Diaries.
  • Casualties — Oklahoma City bombing killed victims commemorated by 168 empty chairs at the national memorial, including six children mourned by President Clinton.
  • Memorial — Oklahoma City bombing memorial features twin bronze gates inscribed with times 9:01, 9:02, and 9:03, plus a survivor's tree and wall.

Runs with

Charles
Charles Porter won Pulitzer for photo of firefighter holding wounded infant open card →
Texas
timed for Waco siege anniversary in Texas open card →
John
McVeigh carried John Locke passage on liberty open card →
bronze
memorial includes twin bronze gates open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

One perpetrator of this action used the alias “Robert D. Kling” to obtain a rental truck.

H

Twelve years prior to this event, a group called The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord planned a rocket attack on the same target.

H

A memorial commemorating this event includes a pair of twin bronze gates and a field of 168 empty chairs.

H

The man who was in charge of causing this event was inspired by the novel The Turner Diaries.

H

A national memorial at the site of this incident contains a survivor’s tree, a survivor’s wall, and a field of empty stone and glass chairs.

H

In the wake of this event, Frank Keating ordered all of his state’s non-essential employees to take temporary leave.

H

On the day of this event, its main perpetrator wore a shirt reading "Sic semper tyrannis" and carried a copy of The Turner Diaries with him.

M

A Pulitzer Prize was won for a photo of Chris Fields, a firefighter pictured holding infant Baylee Almon in theRaftermath of this event.

M

For his failure to warn the United States about this event, Michael Fortier was sentenced to twelve years in prison in 1998.

M

A Pulitzer Prize was given to Charles Porter for his photograph of firefighter Chris Fields carrying a baby wounded in this event.

M

Charles Porter took a photograph in the aftermath of this event showing Chris Fields holding a wounded infant.

M

The deaths of Randy Weaver’s wife and son inspired this event, which was planned for the second anniversary of the siege of the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas.

E

The weapon used in this attack was a rented Ryder truck. name this terrorist attack on the Alfred P. Murrah building perpetrated by Timothy McVeigh.

E

A search for a “John Doe #2” began after the arrest of Terry Nichols and the central perpetrator of this event who was a Gulf War veteran. name this deadliest act of domestic terrorism on American soil.

E

This event was supposedly motivated by the Ruby Ridge incident and Waco siege, and it employed an altered Ryder truck.

10 more clues from the record
H

The perpetrator of this event carried an envelope containing pages from the Turner Diaries and cited a passage from John Locke about the right to kill those who take away liberty.

H

That memorial to this event also contains a chair with a glass base for each victim, all of which are arranged to represent their relative locations when they died.

H

Dave Paulson was questioned for his role in this event after his business card was left in a police car with a suspicious note on it.

H

President Bill Clinton called this event a “terrible sin” and mourned the 6 children killed during this event.

H

This event prompted Bob Dole to pass the Effective Death Penalty Act.

H

A memorial to this event includes two bronze gates with three time inscriptions: 9:01, 9:02, and 9:03.

H

One of the motivations behind this event was the death of Randy Weaver at Ruby Ridge.

H

This event was carried out on the two-year anniversary of the Waco Massacre.

H

This event’s perpetrators used fake IDs designed by Lori Fortier.

H

One perpetrator of this event was apprehended as a result of a routine traffic stop.

Watch out: Randy Weaver did not die at Ruby Ridge; his wife and son were killed there
#1979 · US Presidents · Level 1

Joe Biden

Joe Biden
bdi Adam Schultz /span /a · Public domain

46th U.S. President · 1942–present; President 2021– · Delaware, Washington D.C.

Joe Biden served as Delaware senator for seven terms and Barack Obama's Vice President before becoming 46th U.S. President in 2021.

The kit

  • Senate career — Joe Biden chaired the Senate Judiciary Committee, where he prevented witnesses from testifying on Anita Hill's behalf during Clarence Thomas's confirmation hearings.
  • Legislative work — Joe Biden drafted the 1994 Crime Bill with harsh mandatory minimums and a ten-year assault rifle ban, plus the Violence Against Women Act.
  • Presidential campaigns — Joe Biden ended his 1988 presidential run after plagiarizing a speech by Labour politician Neil Kinnock.
  • Presidency — Joe Biden signed the American Rescue Plan providing $1,400 direct payments and was inaugurated two weeks after the Capitol was stormed.

Runs with

Delaware
represented as senator for seven terms open card →
Barack Obama
served as Vice President under him 2009-2017 open card →
Senate
served seven terms as Delaware senator open card →
Robert Bork
opposed his Supreme Court nomination as Judiciary chair open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

As Chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee, this man prevented witnesses from testifying on Anita Hill’s behalf during Clarence Thomas’s Supreme Court nomination hearings.

H

While serving as a Senator, this man drafted the Violence Against Women Act and oversaw Robert Bork’s Supreme Court confirmation hearing as chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee.

H

In 2006, this politician controversially claimed you needed a “slight Indian accent” to go to a 7/11 in his state.

H

During the 2012 election campaign, this politician said that the opposing party’s policies on regulation would “put y’all back in chains.” In 2008, Christine O’Donnell ran against this man for his Senate seat, which he resigned nine days into his seventh term.

H

This man’s son served as state Attorney General and planned to run for governor until he died of brain cancer in May 2015.

H

France withdrew its diplomat Philippe Étienne [[EH-tee-ehn]] from the U.S. following this man's administration's sale of nuclear-powered submarines to Australia.

H

After after sharing confidential details from a conversation with President Erdogan [AIR-doh-ahn] in October 2014, he was forced to officially apologize to Turkey.

M

This man was accused of plagiarizing a speech by Labour politician Neil Kinnock during his 1988 Presidential run.

M

The Presidential Medal of Freedom was given in January 2017 to this Delaware politician who declined to run for President in 2016 after serving as Barack Obama’s Vice President.

M

This man was the head of the Senate Judiciary committee, and opposed Bork’s nomination on the grounds that Bork sought to overly expand executive power. He is now serving as the vice-president.

M

He once asked a colleague to get him “some of those real throwing stars” while on a diplomatic trip to Japan; in December 2016, this man forged that colleague’s signature on an executive order naming December “Dokken History Month.” name this politician, nicknamed “Diamond Joe” according to the last eight years of Onion articles about the hijinks of America’s “President of Vice.”

M

This man proposed the American Rescue Plan, which included $1,400 direct payments to Americans, and nominated cabinet officials including Marcia Fudge, Deb Haaland [[HAH-lund]], and Lloyd Austin. name this U.S. senator from Delaware and 46th U.S. president.

E

former Delaware senator who stole speech material from Neil Kinnock before becoming Obama’s VP.

E

In another campaign, this man called a “lecture on embassy security” a “bunch of malarkey” in a debate with 2012 Paul Ryan. name this current Vice President of the United States.

E

This figure, who led the Senate Judiciary Committee during the controversial confirmation of Clarence Thomas, was forced to end his presidential run in 1988 after plagiarizing a speech by Neil Kinnock. name this seven-term Delaware senator, the 46th and current president of the United States.

10 more clues from the record
H

A sticker of a politician saying "I Did That" next to the gas pump display went viral following grassroots Republican support.

H

Americans received fourteen hundred dollar checks following this president's signing of the American Rescue Plan Act.

H

In June 2016, this figure lined up a “sweet summer gig” installing above-ground swimming pools.

H

This man introduced harsh mandatory minimums in the 1994 Crime Bill, which he wrote during his fourth term as Senator.

H

This person forced TC Energy to lay off one thousand employees after cancelling a major project.

H

This figure penned the 1994 Crime Bill, which included a ten-year ban on assault rifles.

H

A Georgia representative filed six articles of impeachment against this person for abuse of power.

H

Was inaugurated two weeks after the U.S. Capitol was stormed by supporters of his predecessor

H

During one campaign, this politician said of Rudy Giuliani that “"There's only three things he mentions in a sentence: a noun, and a verb and 9/11.” In 1987, this politician made a namesake report that scrutinized Supreme Court nominee Robert Bork.

H

The 1994 Violence Against Women Act was introduced by this then-Senator, who remarked in 2016 that if he were still in high school, he would have loved to take Donald Trump "behind the gym."

Watch out: Neil Kinnock was the Labour politician whose speech Biden plagiarized, not Biden himself
#1980 · US Presidents · Level 1

Donald Trump

Donald Trump
bdi Daniel Torok /span /a · Public domain

45th U.S. President · b. 1946; presidency 2017–2021 · United States

Donald Trump was a real estate developer, reality TV host, and 45th U.S. President who won the 2016 election.

The kit

  • Rise — Donald Trump announced his 2016 presidential candidacy riding down an escalator, making controversial statements about Mexican immigrants bringing crime and drugs.
  • Achievements — Donald Trump defeated Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election despite polls favoring his opponent.
  • Conflicts — Donald Trump was twice impeached during his presidency and lost the 2020 election to Joe Biden.
  • Legacy — Donald Trump became the latest president not to attend his successor's inauguration when he skipped Biden's ceremony.

Runs with

the Presidency
held office 2017–2021 as 45th president open card →
Hillary Clinton
defeated her in 2016 election open card →
Joe Hill
America
promised to Make America Great Again open card →

The ladder · 15 clues

H

Was the latest president not to attend his successor’s inauguration

H

Jesse Ventura convinced this man to run for the Reform Party presidential candidacy in 2000, and he won two primaries before dropping out.This author of The America We Deserve claimed that he could “beat that Democratic-Republican apparatus” andwas uninvited from a RedState meeting after remarking that Megyn Kelly had “blood coming out of her wherever”.

H

Ronald Reagan may be the most famous president to have been on film, but he’s not the only one to have been involved in the filmmaking process. :This president has appeared in films like Home Alone 2: Lost in New York. He surprisingly defeated Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election and was twice impeached.

H

This man announced his presidential candidacy while riding down an escalator. :Name this candidate for the Republican presidential nomination, whose contract with NBC to star in The Apprentice was terminated as a result of his comments about Mexican immigrants bringing crime and drugs.

H

Name some people who, as of the writing of this bonus in early October, were Republican candidates for President. :This bombastic real estate magnate has been a leading candidate in the polls for several months.

H

This man became a national name in 1973 when the Justice Department accused his company of violating the Fair Housing Act at rental properties owned by his namesake company.

H

answer the following questions about a candidate in the 2016 Republican primaries.This candidate is famous for being the author of The Art of the Deal and star of NBC’s The Apprentice.

M

This man, who won a raspberry award for Ghosts Can’t Do It, threatened to sue one rapper for royalties on a song whose lyrics include “take over the world” and “look at all this money.” An Anthony BaxterdocumentarytitledforthismandocumentedhisattemptstobullyScotsintosellingtheirproperties for an “International” resort.

M

Due to China's growth of missile forces and the suggestion of Russian non- compliance, this U.S. president suspended the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty.

M

Clarence Thomas, a current Supreme Court justice, has been faced with calls to resign after his wife Ginni helped plot to overturn the 2020 presidential election, which this man lost to Joe Biden.

M

This former owner of the New Jersey Generals wrote in the New York Times that he was leaving the Reform Party because of the involvement of Lenora Fulani, Pat Buchanan and David Duke in 2000.

M

This man claimed he had forced Kim and Terrence Pegula to pay over the odds for the Buffalo Bills and, in April 2014, this man purchased Turnberry golf resort.

E

This man accused immigrants of causing America’s problems in a June, 2016 speech announcing his candidacy for President, which caused NBC to drop coverage of his Miss Universe pageant. name this controversial businessman and Presidential candidate who wrote “The Art of the Deal” and likes to refer to himself as “A Winner!”

E

This man failed to stop the airing of a BBC2 documentary into his attempt to develop an estate north of Aberdeen into a golf resort, while in 2011 this man stated he had doubts over Barack Obama’s US citizenship.

E

This author of The Art of the Deal promises to “Make America Great Again”, as well as build a wall and make Mexico pay for it. name this Republican presidential candidate, the onetime host of The Apprentice.

7 more clues from the record
H

Alex Salmond called this person “three times a loser” after this person attempted to stop some wind farms from being built in Scotland.

M

He had walk-on movie roles in Home Alone 2 and The Little Rascals and once owned the New Jersey Generals of the USFL.

M

An advertisement funded by this man that compared wind farms to terrorism was banned by the Advertising Standards Authority.

E

Our Principles PAC ran attack ads against this man featuring some of his statements about women. name this winner of the 2016 Presidential election.

E

During the 2000 primaries, this politician briefly ran against Buchanan, likening his policies to that of Attila the Hun. This politician was later elected president in 2016.

E

This owner of Wollman Ice Rink and Mar-a-Lago switched parties again in 2009.

E

Possessing the worst hair known to humankind, this is this entrepreneur and star of NBC’s The Apprentice.

Watch out: Not Ronald Reagan, the other president famous for film appearances