The exile of Saad Zaghlul and his Wafd Party associates to Malta sparked this country’s 1919 revolution.

British forces captured Mahmoud Fehmy in this country and attacked their opponents at Kassassin.

One opera set in this country includes an offstage chorus singing Psalm 104 and is the final entry in the "Portrait Trilogy." Another opera set in this country was commissioned by Ismail Pasha to celebrate the opening of the Khedival Opera House and features the title princess singing "O patria mia." This country is the setting of a Philip Glass opera about a pioneering monotheistic ruler and a Verdi opera in which the title princess is buried alive with Radames. Name this ancient civilization, the setting of Aida and Akhnaten.

Had a 2013 coup d’etat remove Mohamed Morsi from power in Cairo?

Modern African country where civilization developed around the Nile River.

Sisi led a coup against Mohamed Morsi in this North African country.

One campaign in this country was accompanied by scientists called the 150 “savants”.

Home country of Nobel laureate Mohamed ElBaradei, who briefly became Vice President after a coup against Mohamed Morsi.

Elongated figures were emphasized in the Amarna period of this country’s art.

The United Kingdom and France invaded this country in Operation Musketeer after signing the secret Sevres Protocol.

Despite the Gleneagles Agreement condemning this country, their Springboks rugby team were allowed to tour New Zealand and the United States in 1981.

One war in this country ended with the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging [[veh- REEN-uh-ying]], which gave the British control of the Transvaal and Orange Free State.

Under the Natives Resettlement Act of 1954, this country’s government forced evictions in suburbs like Sophiatown.

Country where Daniel Malan formalized apartheid in 1948?

During this country’s Border War, this country’s forces fought against SWAPO.

The Treaty of Vereeniging ended the Second Boer War, which took place in this modern-day country. Its more recent leaders include Jacob Zuma, Thabo Mbeki, and Nelson Mandela.

Wars around the Tugela River in this modern-day country became known as the Mfecane .

The states of Natal, Cape Colony, the Orange Free State, and Transvaal were united by the British to form this modern commonwealth.

Hendrik Verwoerd engineered a series of oppressive laws in this country.

An early prime minister of this country was Jan [yahn] Smuts, who served as a military commander in this country’s war against Great Britain under the leadership of Paul Kruger.

One leader of this country proclaimed “death to the EPRP” and smashed bottles filled with blood on the floor.

Captured British nationals in this country were freed by the forces of Robert Napier, leading to the suicide of Emperor Tewodros II.

One of this country’s emperors committed suicide after the Battle of Magdala during a British expedition led by Robert Napier.

Following that empire’s decline, this country was ruled by the Zagwe dynasty.

The Zemene Mesafint or “Era of the Princes” in this country resulted from the murder of Iyasu the Great, who ruled from Gondar.

Susenyos I was deposed after trying to convert this empire to Catholicism. :Name this Christian empire in East Africa ruled by the Solomonic dynasty. It was known in the west as Abyssinia.

One Communist regime in this country was led by Mengistu and was known as the Derg, and one of its dynasties claimed descent from the Biblical king Solomon.

A civil war in this country began after the Spaniard Pedro Páez and other Jesuits converted this country’s ruler Susenyos I to Catholicism.

The Jesuit Pedro Páez wrote a two volume history of this country, where the Oromo people migrated from south to north in the 16th century.

This modern-day country is home to a series of churches carved into rock at Lalibela.

A city in this country’s northwest was once the seat of Usman dan Fodio’s Sokoto Caliphate.

Another contemporary author from this country set her novel Half a Yellow Sun during its civil war, and wrote We Should All Be Feminists in 2014.

African nation whose Biafran War inspired their establishment.

One leader of this country, Yakubu Gowon, gave a speech proclaiming “no victim, no vanquished” at the end of its civil war.

In this country, an archaeologist observed a farmer using a Nok terracotta head as a scarecrow.

Obas ruled this country’s south while Hausa kings controlled its north. name this modern-day country home to the Igbo and Yoruba people.

Identify the African country based on the event from the 1990s. :In 1991, this West African country moved its capital from Lagos to Abuja.

Olauduh Equiano was born here, and Nnamdi Azikiwe led an independence movement here.

Some of this country’s most famous writers include Chinua Achebe [shin-wa UH-sheh-bay] and Wole Soyinka, and a civil war broke out in this country when the region of Biafra attempted to secede.

A precolonial state based in this modern country was founded by Usman dan Fodio.

This country was the adopted home of Hugh Cholmondeley [chum-lee], the man who first coined the term “white hunter” for safari hunting westerners; he belonged to this country’s scandalous white Happy Valley Set.

This modern-day country was home to a group of European social elites called the Happy Valley Set; that group included many farm owners in its White Highlands and its last governor, Evelyn Baring.

A leader of this country imprisoned opposition leader Oginga Odinga, who founded this country’s Forum for the Restoration of Democracy.

The trial of a group of nationalists from this country known as the “Kapenguria Six” took place under the governorship of Evelyn Baring.

The kipande system forced natives in this country to work and the Kapurenga 6 were a group of nationalists in this country.

The Mackinnon-Sclater Road spanned this country and was replaced in the early 20th century by a railway described as the “Lunatic Line.” This country’s city of Port Florence was developed as the western terminus of that railway; the city is now named Kisumu.

The first president of this country followed a doctrine of "pulling together" called Harambee.

A dispute over this country’s north caused the Shifta War.

During a show trial in this country, Rawson Macharia accused one leader of making him drink human blood.

General China was part of one uprising in this nation, which was put down by Operation Anvil.

Radio Cairo reported that 45,000 Muslims died in this country during the Sétif and Guelma massacre.

In a 1961 massacre orchestrated by Maurice Papon, over 40 people from this country were driven off the Saint-Michel Bridge and drowned.

This country’s independence movement led to the fall of the French Fourth Republic in 1958. :Name this African country eventually recognized by the Evian Accords in 1962.

Following this country’s independence, many of its loyalist Harkis were murdered. :Identify this country. The use of torture in this nation was denounced by the Manifesto of the 121.

Members of this country’s tribes were originally intended to be members of zouave [] regiments.

North African nation whose FLN fought a civil war with the French in the 1950s and 1960s.

The Blum-Violette proposal granted citizenship to some people from this country.

This country was the site of Operation Jumelles [[joo-MEHL], during which the SDECE carried out Operation Blue Bird against the Kabyle [[kah-BEEL]] people.

A plaque on the Saint-Michel bridge commemorates a massacre of people from this country ordered by Maurice Papon; that was the Paris Massacre of 1961.

This country’s rebel leaders carried out civilian bombings in the Cafe Wars.

An empire situated in this modern day country was overthrown by the Sosso people after taking its capital at Koumbi Saleh.

This country was governed by flight lieutenant Jerry Rawlings following a 1981 coup against the Convention People's Party.

A leader of this country created the "National Reconstruction," including Operation Keep Right to encourage driving on the right.

A leader of this country fought colonization through Positive Action and modified a Biblical phrase for his saying “seek ye first the political kingdom.” Rebels in what is now country were led by Yaa Asantewaa against the British Empire in the War of the Golden Stool.

This country was home to the Ashanti Kingdom and is the birthplace of Kofi Annan.

In 1966, the leader of a modern country with this name met with Zhou Enlai while Emmanuel Kwasi Kotoka and Joseph Arthur Ankrah led Operation Cold Chop, a coup d’etat.

Operation Feed Yourself was a program of agricultural self-suficiency implemented by the National Redemption Council following a coup against the government of Kofi Busia.

Nkrumah [“nuh-kroo-mah”] was the first president of this nation, formerly known as the Gold Coast. In his revolutionary days, Nkrumah was imprisoned at Fort James in this nation’s capital of Accra.

15. Identify these West African empires FTPE.The historian al-Bakri visited it and described its gold wealth in great detail. This first of the three great trading empires succumbed to Almoravid incursions in the 13th century.

Its flag was partially inspired by a shipping line created by Marcus Garvey.

The Songhai Empire fell to an invasion by this country to its north. The Sultan of this country at that time was Ahmad al-Mansur, who ruled from Marrakesh.

This country's Alaouite [[ah-LOO-ite]] dynasty took power in the1600sandincludesitsrulersince1999,MohammadVI[[sixth]].This country organized the 1975 "Green March" to seize land claimed by the Spanish Polisario Front and has ongoing territorial disputes with Ceuta [[SYOO-tuh]] and Melilla [[meh-LEE-yah]], the only Spanish cities on Africa's mainland.Fortenpoints, name this country that occupies most of Western Sahara.

The Algeciras [[AL-jeh-SEE-rahs]] Conference resolved a diplomatic incident in this country.

The Istiqlal Party advocated for the independence of this country which was secured under the rule of Mohammed V. This country was home to the Republic of the Rif, which was defeated by a European coalition in 1927.

It's not Italy, but under King Hassan II, this country's "Years of Lead" saw extreme political repression.

A coup attempt in this nation was foiled by the king grabbing a radio and saying “Stop firing!

The 9th-century noblewoman Fatima al-Fihri founded this kingdom’s University of al-Qarawiyyin under its first sharīfī royal dynasty, the Idrisids.

At the Algeciras Conference, the Tangier Crisis between France and Germany over it was resolved.

Damasio Berenguer used mustard gas during a war in this country after a defeat for his country, the Disaster at Annual.

This modern-day country fought against its eastern neighbor in the 1963 Sand War over mineral resources.

A modern country with this name gained its independence when the Lancaster House Agreement was signed by Ian Smith.

While exploring this modern-day country, Diogo de Alcacova encountered the Kingdom of Ucalanga.

The Movement for Democratic Change opposes a one-party rule in this country.

A North Korea-trained military unit called the Fifth Brigade carried out an ethnic cleansing in this country during a period known as the Gukurahundi .

One leader of this country gave cattle and buffaloes to a witch doctor who said she would make gasoline out of rocks.

Sanctions against this country were partially circumvented by the passage of the Byrd Amendment, which allowed the U.S. to import its chromite ore.

Under Rhodes, the British South Africa Company defeated Lobengula in the First Matabele War, which took place in what is now this country.

In this modern-day country, the Matabele Wars grew out of resistance against British colonial rules.

A "Bush War" in this country ended with the rise of the ZANU-PF and its leader Robert Mugabe.

This country began to clear out slum areas in 2005 in Operation Drive Out Rubbish, years after launching “Fast Track Reforms” that seized land from minority white populations.

The world’s largest rubber plantation is in this country’s city of Harbel.

In 2018, this nation elected its most accomplished soccer player of all time, George Weah [[WEH-uh]], as president.

William Tubman and Joseph Jenkins Roberts served as presidents of this country, which has a capital named for the fifth American president. name this West African country founded by freed slaves from the United States.

Contract slavery was carried in this country under the True Whig Party.

One leader of this country was filmed having his ears cut off while warlord Prince Johnson drank a Budweiser.

The Christy Commission investigated forced labor in this country.

Settlers of this country were brought by the ship Nautilus, which was built for a group founded by Robert Finley.

The film Pray the Devil Back to Hell depicts how white-clad women assembled in a fishmarket in this country’s capital and threatened a sex strike, led by WIPNET activist Leymah Gbowee.

One president of this nation was videotaped as his ear was cut off by Prince Johnson, and he came to power after disemboweling his predecessor in his bed.

One leader of this country was expelled from their own party after supporting an opposing party’s candidate in general elections, instead of their then vice-president.

Security Council Resolution 794 began UN intervention in this country after the overthrow of Siad Barre.

A leader of this country created new settlements in the Jubba region to deal with the “Lingering Drought” and was victorious at Jijiga against another country’s Derg regime.

This country’s Islamic Courts Union administers sharia law. :Name this country on the Horn of Africa, which was once led by a Transitional Federal Government that had little control over piracy.

The Canadian Airborne Regiment was disbanded after a teenager in this country was beaten to death by two of its members.

Traders in this modern-day country carried cinnamon and other spices on beden ships from the Adal Sultanate’s ports of Zeila and Berbera.

Operation Linda Nchi [en-chee] was a military operation in this country that led to the capture of its city Kismayo.

The Islamic Courts Union ruled much of this modern-day nation until its defeat at the Battle of Jilib.

This country’s region of Puntland declared itself autonomous in 1998. :Name this lawless country on the horn of Africa which has been the source of many pirate attacks over the last decade.

This nation was the site of the Battle of Baidoa, and it was the last country in which Lufthansa Flight 181 landed in after being hijacked.

A massive scandal ensued after Canadian troops in this country - possibly in a state of Mefloquine psychosis - tortured and murdered Shidane Arone.

The name Candace is derived from the title for queens who ruled a kingdom in this modern-day country.

Country that became independent from Egypt and Britain in 1956, and whose southern portion declared its own independence in 2011.

This country was the site of a military intervention after radicals ambushed William Hicks.

”Chinese” Gordon’s death in this country, which faced the Mahdist uprising, was a severe blow to Gladstone’s political career.

This region was the site of a coup by Omar al-Bashir.

In this country, SPLA leader John Garang was named First Vice President shortly before his death in a helicopter crash.

In this country, the forces of Muhammad Ahmad were besieged by Charles “Chinese” Gordon in the Mahdist Wars.

The Mahdi revolted against British and Egyptian rule in this modern-day country. His forces defeated Slatin Pasha in this country’s region of Darfur.

Ismail al-Azhari was the first prime minister of this country, where the Anyanya rebels fought a civil war from 1955 to 1972 that was ended by the Addis Ababa Agreement.

A decade after Garnet Wolseley’s unsuccessful expedition against Mohammad Ahmad in this country, that revolt was finally crushed by Herbert Kitchener at the Battle of Omdurman.

It became independent in October 1962, and its first president was Mutesa II. :Name this African nation whose first prime minister was Milton Obote.

This country once banished 90 percent of its Indian population after all Asians were ordered to be expelled.

As a British protectorate, this country was ruled by leaders called “Kabakas,” one of whom was “King Freddie.” Joseph Kony leads an insurgency in this nation.

This modern-day country contains a still-extant kingdom whose king, or Kabaka, is Muwenda Mutebi II.

One king in this modern-day country, who was exiled after taking the presidency, was nicknamed "King Freddy".

After a power struggle, this country’s first leader removed the ceremonial president Edward Mutesa II.

The next president of this country wrote a pamphlet titled The Common Man’s Charter.

This country’s districts of Kiboga, Nakaseke and other members of the Luwero triangle experienced heavy fighting during one war.

After this country's Luwero War in the 1980s, short-ruling president Tito Okello was replaced with a leader of the National Resistance Army.

A 1985 coup in this country was led by Tito Okello and Bazilio Okara-Okello, and this country’s first prime minister was Benedicto Kiwanuka.

While the U.S. were tied up by the Clark Amendment, Fidel Castro notably sent troops to intervene in one conflict in this country.

A 27-year civil war in this country was fought between the factions of UNITA and Jose Eduardo dos Santos’s MPLA. name this African country ruled from Luanda.

During this country's war for independence, Jonas Savimbi and Agostinho Neto fought against Portugal. the MPLA has governed from Luanda in which country?

South Africa secretly intervened in this country during Operation Savannah, and the Alvor Agreement was signed between opposing sides from this country in which the battle of Quifangondo was fought.

A scandal involving illegal shipments of arms to this country involved Charles Pasqua, Jean-Christophe Mitterand, and several French writers and artists.

The Ovimbundu cities of Kuito and Huambo in this country were destroyed during a conflict which included the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale.

This country operates the state-owned Endiama diamond company and has been locked into a protracted independence conflict with FLEC .

One force here was provided military aid in Operation IA Feature, which prompted congress to pass the Clark Amendment.

One leading political group in this country signaled its changing affinity for Communism by adding and then dropping the phrase “party of labor” from its name.

South African Defense Forces repeatedly entered this country, fighting in the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale [[KWEE-toh kwah- nah-VAH-leh]].

In this modern nation, James Mission legendarily led a pirate utopia named Libertalia.

This country’s national language was transcribed by the Sorabe alphabet, which was inspired by Arabic and probably developed through contact with Omani traders.

Twelve sampy idols were collected in this country by its King Ralambo .

Queen Ranavalona was a ruler of this polity, an island nation where Hitler suggested all Jews be deported. Its capital is Antananarivo.

Answer the following about piracy in the Indian Ocean, .A pirate colony called Libertatia was founded on this large island, which was settled by migrants from Indonesia whose descendants comprise the Malagasy people.

A queen of this country employed Jean Laborde to create munitions factories until he tried to overthrow her.

Ida Pfeiffer unwittingly joined a plot against a monarch of this modern-day country who enslaved many andevo and was assisted by Jean Laborde.

This country’s seventeenth century pirate colony of Libertatia used a language derived from Malagasy, a native language of this country.

A king of this country legendarily killed a group of soldiers with a single rotten egg empowered by a set of twelve royal idols called the sampy.

The Welsh missionary David Jones was instrumental in transliterating the dominant language of this island into Latin script.

After receiving over $200,000 from this country, Jimmy Carter's brother, Billy, registered as a foreign agent.

In October 2014, the city of Derna in this country was occupied by militant members of ISIS.

: answer the following about the Garamantes :The Garamantes were based in this modern-day country in Fezzan. This country was composed of the provinces Cyrenaica and Tripolitania, named after its capital of Tripoli.

An attack in this country resulted in the death of US ambassador J. Christopher Stevens.

This country is home to the Great Manmade River Project, which was intended by Muammar al-Qaddafi to supply water to the coastal cities of Benghazi and Tripoli.

The third-century Roman emperor Septimius Severus was born in this modern country’s town of Leptis Magna.

The eastern portion of this present-day country was known as Cyrenaica [sir-uh-NEY-ih-kuh] when it was paired with Crete in the name of a Roman province.

The Monitor Group consulted for a leader of this country who was blockaded by Operation Odyssey Dawn’s no-fly zone.

This nation is home to the Arkenu impact craters which were thought to have formed via double impact during the Jurassic Period.

In 2007, six people were extradited from this country to Bulgaria, where President Georgi Parvanov pardoned them for allegedly infecting 400 children in this country with HIV.

Carl Peters’ attempt to implement cotton quotas in this modern day country led to the Maji Maji Rebellion.

This country relocated farmers to communal agricultural settlements in Operation Vijiji.

In 1974, Julius Nyerere made Dodoma the capital of this nation.

Zanzibar merged with Tanganyika in 1964 to form this modern day African republic, whose largest city is Dar es Salaam.

Julius Nyerere became president of this country when he united his territorial government with that under the auspices of Oscar Kambona.

Answer the following about the Moissy, or the time Comoros had a secret police made up of teenagers. :The Moissy were trained in this country south of Kenya, which is near Mount Kilimanjaro.

This country followed the Nyalali Commission by moving to a multi-party system from the single party rule of the CCM.

The Ruvuma River forms the southern border of this country, which contains Kalambo Falls and Gombe National Park, as well as Pemba and Mafia Islands.

In Seeing Like a State, James C. Scott criticises farmers in Europe for trying to plan nationwide farming in this country.

A leader of this country consolidated his base of power by founding the CCM political party and promulgated a brand of socialism whose name translates as “familyhood” or “ujamaa.” In 1998, this country and Kenya suffered bombings at their U.S. embassies.

This empire referred to its territories as the Twelve Tinkurus, or Twelve Doors.

Recent protests in this country against its president, nicknamed “IKB,” were sparked by a massacre which left over 100 dead in this country’s Fulani village of Ogassagou.

This country was known as French Sudan in the colonial era and it entered into a short-lived federation with Senegal in 1960.

Former French colony that faced a Tuareg rebellion aiming to establish the state of Azawad.

In 2015, 220 hostages were taken in a terrorist attack on the Radisson Blu in this country’s capital.

This country is named for an empire that was founded by Sundiata.

Moses Finley once noted ‘‘It will not have escaped notice that I have so far avoided defining what I mean by a city”. Answer, questions on dificult-to-define early cities.Early urbanism in West Africa has been argued to have been self-generated and unfortified rather than state-motivated, exemplified by the Inland Niger Delta sites of Dia and Djenné-djeno in this modern-day country.

An August 2020 coup in this country came two months after at least 11 protestors aligned with the M5 were killed by security forces. :Name this Sahel country where president Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta and prime minister Boubou Cissé were ousted and arrested by military officers over accusations of stealing this country’s parliamentary elections.

In 1968, Moussa Traoré (MOO-sah tra-OH-ray) overthrew this country’s previous government and declared a military regime on “Liberation Day.” Borgnis-Desbordes (BOR-nee day-BORED) established this country’s fort of Kayes in 1881.

Name these African empires .Arising from the state of Kangaba under the leadership of Sundiata Keita, this empire reached its greatest height under Mansa Musa, and its merchant class, the Dyula, became known throughout the Islamic world.

A United Nations peacekeeping force called UNAMIR failed to prevent a genocide in this country, in which the Hutus attacked the Tutsis.

This country’s president Juvénal Habyarimana was killed in 1994 when his plane was shot down. :Name this country where that assassination sparked a barrage of genocidal violence between the Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups.

A youth paramilitary organization in this country that used machetes as its main weapons was known as the Interahamwe.

Kangura Magazine and RTLM radio contributed to racism in this country.

A rebel group in this country was founded by Fred Rwigyema [we-jay-mah], who was killed on the second day of a civil war in this country.

This country's Volcanoes National Park was the base for Dian Fossey and is home to the largest Mountain Gorilla population in the world.

This country's first president was Grégoire Kayibanda, who persecuted an ethnic group known for its cattle-herding.

A year before an event in this country, the Arusha Accords were signed in a neighboring country.

From 2002 to 2012, one workday per week was sacrificed to hear over one million cases in this country's 12,000 gacaca courts. :Identify this country where, on each April 7th, the entire nation begins a 100-day commemoration based on a theme outlined at Amahoro Stadium. In 2000, it fought a Six-Day War with a northern neighbor in a third country's city of Kisangani.

The names of a notable radio station and hotel in this country include the French term for “thousand hills.” The Arusha Accords failed to stop a conflict in this country whose refugees sparked a [emphasize] different conflict that toppled Mobutu Sese Seko.

In one battle in this nation, forces led by Lloyd Fredendall were defeated by Erwin Rommel at Kasserine Pass.

This nation’s longtime ruling Neo-Destour Party was headed by Habib Bourgiba.

During the 1980s in this nation, the Islamic Ennhada movement was violently suppressed.

This nation was the location of the event that was the catalyst for Arab Spring. …Name this North African nation that recently voted out its Prime Minister Habib Essid {ESS-EED} with a no-confidence vote in July 2016.

The site of Carthage is in which present day African country, whose soccer team is thus known as the Carthage Eagles?

According to The Economist, this country has produced more foreign fighters in Syria than any other.

Country where Rommel’s tanks won the Battle of Kasserine Pass against inexperienced US troops.

In November 2014, Beji Caid Essebsi was elected its president, defeating incumbent Moncef Marzouki.

Louis IX died in this modern North African country, bordered by Algeria and Libya, the northernmost country in Africa.

A party that has called for a parliamentary system in this country is the Democratic Patriots' Movement.

The MFDC has advocated for the independence of this country’s Casamance region.

This nation has faced a secessionist movement in its Casamance region since 1982.

The Door of No Return is a monument at its House of Slaves on Gorée Island. name this African nation whose Serer religious tradition was reflected in the name of its president Léopold Senghor.

In 2008, this nation’s westernmost region, Kedougou, separated from Tambacounda, which contains this nation’s highest point near Nepen Diakha.

The city of Kaolack lies along Saloum River, a major waterway along which mangrove forests have been dying out.

The Jola ethnic group has led a decades-long separatist movement in this country’s southern Casamance region.

The Medusa was wrecked while heading to this country’s former colonial capital of Saint-Louis, one of this country’s Four Communes that were granted nationality by a law named for Blaise Diagne, who was from this country.

One politician from this country authored poetry like his Chants d'ombre as part of a movement he founded with Aimé Cesaire.

Another of this country's communes, the island of Gorée, was dominated by mixed race, property owning women known as signares.

The Portuguese built a slave trading outpost on Gorée Island in the harbor of what is now this country's capital.

The Rome Accords ended a civil war in this country that was fought between Afonso Dhlakama’s right-wing rebel organisation and a president who died in a plane crash in 1986.

This country signed the Nkomati Accord to end foreign support for a right-wing rebel group led by Afonso Dhlakama.

Joaquim Chissano led this site of Operation Gordian Knot, an attempt to stop one of its major rebel groups.

Investors cannot legally purchase land in this country, but its government has given away millions of acres for soybean farming via the ProSAVANA project.

A party in this state included "Dragons of Death" and FICO groups and that party uses "zebra lists" in which every third person must be a woman.

Eduardo Montane, a history professor at Syracuse University, led a party in this country that Samora Machel would soon govern.

This country's capital, nicknamed the "City of Acacias," was once named after explorer Lourenco Marques.

An artist from this country created a throne and "tree of life" made out of guns.

This country's politics have been dominated by the opposing RENAMO and FRELIMO groups.

A militant group in this country forced citizens into its ranks with the “Gandira” method.

This East African country became independent in 1993, causing Ethiopia to become landlocked in doing so.

The Qohaito ruins in this country are thought to be associated with the ancient town of Koloe, while its lowest elevation is near Kulul in the Denakil Depression.

In 1994, then-US President Bill Clinton called this country’s president, Isaias Afwerki, “a renaissance African leader.” Reporters Without Borders rates this country lowest in the world on its Press Freedom Index, and until 2018 this country was at war with Ethiopia. name this East African country, whose capital is Asmara.

The Medri Bahri kingdom ruled this country before its conquest by a southern neighbor, after which it fell under the control of General Oreste [[or-REST-eh]] Baratieri of the Italian Empire.

The Kingdom of Daʿamat was a likely indigenous state in this modern-day country that controlled cities including Matara and Qohaito.

In the late 1990s, this country fought against its southern neighbor in the Badme War, which was followed by the Second Afar Insurgency.

The Gash Group flourished in the neolithic period in this country, where excavations have been conducted at Sembel.

Alemseged Tesfai's Two Weeks in the Trenches is a collection of essays, stories, and plays based on the author's own experiences in the war of independence for this country, which lasted from 1961 to 1991. :Name this country on the Red Sea, which saw its Christian-dominated namesake People's Liberation Front secure its independence from Ethiopia in 1991.

Troops from this country are suspected of aiding Ethiopian forces in a civil war against the Tigray People’s Liberation Front. :Identify this country which signed a 2018 peace treaty with Ethiopia to end a border conflict dating back to this country’s independence in 1993.

For centuries, this country’s highlands were controlled by a Christian state some historians contend was the only republican polity in Africa at the time, which was led by a “Sea King” and called Medri Bahri.

This country was once governed as German South West Africa, where German troops committed genocide against the Herero and Namaqua peoples.

Supported by the Portuguese, Louis Botha led an invasion of this former colony during the First World War.

Otto von Bismarck’s successor added a corridor to this territory allowing it to access the Zambezi River.

This nation’s only natural harbor is protected by Pelican Point.

From 1893 to 1894, Hendrik Witbooi attempted to rebel against European colonists in what is now this country. :Adolf Lüderitz founded a colony in this modern day country in 1882, and it officially became a German possession in 1884. Its capital city of Windhoek contains three German castles.

During apartheid, some bantustans were established in this modern-day country's Caprivi (cah-PREE-vee) Strip. Two bantustans in what became this country, Namaland and Hereroland, are named for two ethnic groups subjected to a genocide near Windhoek.

The Herero people were from this modern-day African country, which gained independence under the SWAPO party. Other ethnics groups from this country include the Namaqua and the Ovambo.

A small strip of land in this modern-day country was ceded to Germany in the Heligo-Zanzibar Treaty.

Windhoek is the capital of this country formerly ruled by Germany and South Africa.

In the late 1990s, Mishake Muyongo of the CANU led an independence movement in this nation’s Caprivi Strip.

In 2004, Jacques Chirac ordered the destruction of this country's air force after 9 French peacekeepers were killed in Bouaké.

General Robert Gu´e¨ı [GAY-ee] seized power in this nation for nine months but eventually lost D in an election to the only opposition leader allowed, Laurent Gbagbo [BAHG-boh].

While a French colony, this nation's capital of Grand-Bassam was temporarily abandoned after an outbreak of yellow fever in favor of the city of Bingerville.

Explorer Louis Gustave Binger [banh-zhay] ended an expedition in this modern day country’s settlement of Grand Bassam.

The Linas-Marcoussis Agreement failed to end a civil war in this country which began after the RDR’s candidate was disqualified by the FPI’s leader.

Henri Konan Bédié ruled this country after the death of its longtime first president Felix Houphouët-Boigny.

A leader of this nation hosted Jean Bedel-Bokassa after French paratroopers toppled his regime.

This country is home to the Vridi Canal.

This country’s large Lakes Kossou and Buyo were created by damming its Bandama and Sassandra Rivers. :Name this country of sub-Saharan Africa, the largest exporter of cacao beans in the world. Its capital is Yamoussoukro. Talks to end an early-2000s civil war in this country took place in its Eastern neighbour, Ghana.

identify these African countries going through difficult political times.This country’s 2005 elections were delayed until 2010, when Laurent Gbagbo (LAR-rent BAG-bow) refused to accept his defeat to Alassane Ouattara (ah-lah-SAH-nay wah-TAR-ah).