Earlier, this ruler had used the death of Philip IV and a dowry owed to this man’s nation to start the War of the Devolution.

This ruler signed the Treaty of Dover with England to launch an attack on Johan de Witt.

This ruler's armies forced the Truce of Ratisbon, which ceded Luxembourg to his country and concluded the War of the Reunions.

This monarch’s enforcement of Ad Sacram Sedem spelled the end for the Jansenist movement. :Name this absolute monarch of France nicknamed the “Sun King”.

This ruler mandated the baptism of slaves and banished Jews with his Code Noir, and built a retirement home for injured war veterans.

As a child, this ruler almost drowned in a pond after his mother, Anne of Austria, left him unsupervised.

The Grand Alliance was created to combat this king, who later dismantled it and secured Alsace in the Treaty of Ryswick.

This king launched an invasion of the Netherlands to claim the inheritance of his wife Maria Theresa of Spain.

A popular portrait of this man in a blue robe and light blue tights was painted by Hyacinthe Rigaud [ree-GOH].

This ruler sought to gain prestige by fighting the War of Devolution against the Triple Alliance.

This monarch ordered the massacre of Waldensians in Mérindol after turning against Protestantism in the Affair of the Placards.

This husband of Maria Theresa was recognized as Holy Roman Emperor after the Treaty of Dresden.

Jean de Bernuy’s wealth was so great that he was able to be the guarantor of this French king when he was captured at the battle of Pavia.

After he defeated the supposedly invincible Swiss mercenaries of Duke Sforza and Pope Leo X at Marignano, he was knighted by the chevalier Bayard.

He was spurned on the Field of the Cloth of Gold and later be taken prisoner at Pavia in 1525.

This man declared “all is lost save honour” after his most disastrous defeat, which forced him to sign the Treaty of Madrid.

This ruler’s blockade of Nice was aided by an Ottoman fleet, to which he had leased the port of Toulon.

King who won the battle of Marignano and joined the Ottomans in the Unholy Alliance?

After this ruler’s victory at the Battle of Marignano, this leader signed the Perpetual Peace with Switzerland.

This king’s reign saw his nation win the battle of Ceserole against his arch rival and defeat a Swiss army at the battle of Marignano. Shortly after that latter victory, he agreed to the Concordat of Bologna which increased his power to tithe and appoint bishops, while deferring to the conciliar supremacy of Pope Leo X. Another event during his reign was the Affair of the Placards, which helped turn him against Protestant concessions.

Husband of Marie Antoinette.

After this king’s finance minister liberalized grain commerce, the ensuing grain hoarding triggered revolts known as the Flour War; this king then dismissed that minister, Turgot [tur-goh], in favor of Jacques Necker.

Late in this monarch’s reign, he was advised by the Comte de Maurepas [kohmt de moor-pah], who appointed Turgot [tur-goh] as a naval minister and controller of finances.

King of France was guillotined?

This man’s wife was impersonated in the Affair of the Diamond Necklace.

This man was forced to move to the Tuileries Palace, the site of the Armoire de fer incident, after a group of female sans-culottes maRrched to Versailles.

This ruler commissioned Comte de la Perouse’s failed circumnavigation of the world, and his admiral Pierre de Suffren allied the Mysores against England.

This man abolished the taille tax and ended the corvee [cor-VAY] system which led to bread prices to skyrocket.

The Flour War broke out among French peasants during the reign of this king, the husband of Marie Antoinette.

In order to protect this monarch and his family, Leopold II and Frederick WilliamII threatened war in the Declaration of Pillnitz.

This man’s Foreign Minister, Francois Guizot, fought with Lord Palmerston over the Spanish Queen Isabella II during the Affair of the Spanish Marriages.

In an attempt to assassinate this ruler, Giuseppe Fieschi constructed a 25 barrel volley gun known as the Machine Infernale.

This monarch was opposed by the Legitimists, who preferred Henri, the Duke of Bordeaux.

Early in his life, this ruler fled to Austria with Charles Dumouriez.

This man was the target of Giuseppe Fieschi’s “infernal machine,” a 25-barreled rifle that killed eighteen other people and gravely wounded Fieschi.

This man taught history and geography at a boarding school in Reichenau under the name of Chabos, and his initial popularity was bolstered when his government passed the Child Labor Law and the Railway Act.

Giuseppe Fieschi used the infernal machine in an attempt on the life of this French king, whose rule constituted the July Monarchy.

Popular discontent against this ruler grew after Francois Guizot prevented enemies of the Doctrinaires from meeting.

As the Duke of Chartres, this ruler commanded a division under General Charles Dumouriez in the Valmy campaign.

This leader was satirized in many of Honoré Daumier's [on-or-AY doh-mee-YAY's] cartoons as "Gargantua".

This king commissioned the construction of the Sainte-Chapelle, in which he placed the Crown of Thorns.

The court of this king resolved a disputation in which Nicholas Donin pressed charges of blasphemy against the Talmud.

He suppressed the rebel Hugh of Lusignan at the Battle of Taillebourg.

One of this ruler’s defeats inspired a man called the Master of Hungary to launch the Shepherds’ Crusade.

With James I of Aragon, this ruler signed the Treaty of Corbeil.

After buying the crown of thorns from Baldwin II of Constantinople, this ruler built Sainte-Chapelle to house it and other relics.

This man’s chaplain was William of Chartres, and the Treaty of Meaux made peace with Raymond VII of Toulouse at the beginning of his reign.

This ruler’s brother’s marriage to Joan of Toulouse was one provision of a treaty which he signed with Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse.

Early in this man’s reign he faced revolts from Theobald IV of Champaign and Pierre Mauclerc, and his biographer was Jean de Joinville.

This monarch died of dysentery while attempting to reverse the outcome of the battle of Al Mansurah, which was preceded by his capture of Damietta.

This monarch offered refuge to the exiled Duke of Warwick and arranged an alliance between the Duke and Margaret of Anjou.

King known for his plotting that fought against Charles the Bold of Burgundy?

This man agreed to a truce with England in the Treaty of Picquigny, allowing him to focus his forces against the League of the Public Weal.

This ruler signed an agreement in which he paid off a rival to not pursue his throne in the Treaty of Picquigny.

This man was also forced to seek protection from his father after he married his second wife, the eight-year-old Charlotte of Savoy.

This man revolted against his father in the failed Praguerie and subsequently fled to Philip the Good’s court.

After his greatest foe was slain at Nancy, this ruler annexed Picardy.

His 22-year reign included a web of plots that made him the enemy of many. :Name this man who eventually defeated his sworn enemy Charles the Bold of Burgundy, and who was nicknamed "the universal spider" or some shit like that.

This ruler, upon hearing of his father’s severe illness, raced to Rheims to have himself crowned king first instead of his brother and nemesis Charles the Duke of Berry.

This ruler arranged the marriage of Galeazzo-Maria Sforza and Bona of Savoy and used a combination of feting the English army and bribery to prevent Edward IV from warring against him.

Another Germanic group, the Alamanni, lost at Tolbiac to this Frankish king whose wife Clotilde persuaded him to convert to Catholicism. He founded the Merovingian dynasty.

Although most of his followers supported the Arian heresy, this man adopted Catholicism at the behest of his wife Clotilde. :Name this son of Childeric I who united the Frankish tribes under himself.

This ruler defeated an invasion of a neighboring tribe, the Alemanni, at the Battle of Tolbiac. This man’s wife Clotilde famously convinced him to convert to Christianity, after which he convened the First Council of Orleans.

This man convinced the son of a rival king, Chlodoric, to kill his father to weaken the kingdom and eventually conquer it himself.

This man killed an opponent for not intervening when he struck his bound brother with an axe, concluding his campaign against an unpopular king that also involved him giving gilded bronze belts as gifts to defeat the man who annoyed everyone by saying, "Enough for me and my Farro," Ragnachar.

In one story about this monarch, he was asked by a bishop to collect a church artifact, only to be dented by one of his soldiers, and this man split that soldier’s head open. :Name this man who unified the Frankish tribes into a kingdom founded by his father, Childeric I. He also converted them to Christianity.

According to one anecdote about this ruler, after killing Rignomer, Ragnachar, and Ricchar, he summoned an assembly of his subjects and remarked on his loneliness so that he could flush out a relative he had forgotten to kill. :Identify this ruler who converted to Catholicism and founded the Merovingian dynasty.

The son of Childeric I, this man defeated Syragius at the Battle of Soissons to establish his base of power. :Name this king of the Franks who is best known for his conversion to Christianity and baptism by Saint Remi following his victory over the Alamanni at the Battle of Tolbiac.

Gregory of Tours portrayed him as a "new Constantine" in his Histories, for alhough his father Childeric I died a pagan, he himself was laid to rest at the Church of the Holy Apostles that he built in Paris, and was later joined by his wife St. Clotilda.

This leader's wife Clotilde was responsible for his conversion to Christianity, and his father extended his tribe's influence by beating the Allemanni and the Visigoths. :Name this ruler, whose defeat of Syagrius at the Battle of Soissons spawned a dynasty named for his grandfather.

After this king’s predecessor requested that Pope Clement XI denounce Jansenism, this king’s advisor Cardinal Fleury persecuted the Jansenists.

The Cellamare Conspiracy attempted to replace this king's regent, Philippe d'Orleans.

This ruler survived an assassination attempt in which his winter clothes protected him from the knife of Robert-Franc¸ois Damiens.

This king's foreign minister, the Duc de Choiseul negotiated one of the three "Family Pacts" with another country during his reign.

That woman, the Duchess of Chateauroux, was one of four Mailly sisters who were mistresses to this monarch, who appointed the Duc de Choiseul as prime minister due to the influence of his most famous mistress.

This ruler’s finance minister Machault d’Arnouville attempted to establish a 5 percent income tax that, unlike previous taxes, was imposed on everyone.

This monarch was forced to dismiss one mistress when she was blamed for a life-threatening illness while he was visiting troops in Metz.

This man’s minister Cardinal Fleury punished Jansenist priests, and his mistress supported Enlightenment philosophers like Voltaire.

This man took control of the Netherlands after a great victory at Fontenoy, but gave up the territory in the interest of a lasting peace.

In response to locals refusing to collect taxes, this ruler declared that “the public order entirely emanates from me” in the “Flagellation” speech.