Shortly before this man’s death, he sent an unsuccessful punitive expedition against the Singhasari kingdom of Java.

This ruler divided his population into four social classes, defeated the Southern Song dynasty, and established paper money as the sole currency.

This leader twice attempted to invade Japan, but both attempts were stopped by a “divine wind,” or kamikaze.

Nestorian monk Rabban Sauma and Marco Polo visited the court of this emperor.

This leader rose in power after winning the Toluid Civil War against his brother, Ariq Broke.

After this ruler defeated his brother, Ariq Böke, he conquered one region after the Battle of Yamen.

In 1279, he conquered China and established a Mongol dynasty. :Name this great Khan who succeeded his brother Mongke.

This man came to power after the death of his brother, Mongke. :Name this leader of the Mongols, the grandson of Genghis, whose efforts to invade Japan were thwarted both times by kamikaze.

He divided his nation into four categories of nationalities, with han-jen and Man-tzu being inferior to the se-mu jen.

This man supported the rule of King Wonjong, and his daughter married Wonjong's son Chungnyol Wang, which increased his infuence over the Goryeos of Korea.

In an attempt to find an elixir of immortality, this ruler consumed mercury pills and, surprisingly, died. :Name this person who unified China as the first emperor of the Qin dynasty.

Answer the following about a Chinese emperor’s reign. :Name this first emperor of a unified China, who died from ingesting cyanide which he thought would make him immortal.

Attempted assassinations of this ruler included one with a lute weighed down by lead and one with a dagger concealed in a map.

This man’s quest for immortality led to the search for a 1000 year old magician at Penglai and also to this man’s death after ingesting mercury pills.

The ban liang coin was standardized under this man’s chancellor Li Si, who forged a letter ordering this man’s son Fusu to commit suicide.

This man visited Zhifu Island three times in attempts to gain immortality, but he died by swallowing mercury pills that were supposed to make him immortal.

A musician who had been blinded by this ruler attempted to assassinate him with a lute which had been weighted with lead.

This ruler was the target of two assassination plots, one ordered by Prince Dan of Yan and other attempted by a famous lute player.

This ruler standardized his country’s currency with a copper coin that has a square hole in the center, called the Ban Liang.

One attempt to overthrow this ruler involved the fake eunuch Lao Ai, who revealed himself when he drunkenly boasted of being this ruler’s stepfather, and was orchestrated by the chancellor Lu Buwei.

This emperor fought the Jingnan campaign in order to take power from his nephew, the Jianwen emperor.

This ruler first came to power by overthrowing his nephew during the Jingnan Campaign.

One official who called this ruler a usurper had his kin uniquely exterminated to the tenth degree.

A vision of the bodhisattva [[BOH-dee-SAHT-vah]] Guanyin [] prompted this ruler to offer Buddhist leader Deshin Shekpa armies to reunite Tibet.

This man overthrew his pacifist brother, the Jianwen Emperor, and ordered the construction of the Porcelain Tower and had the Grand Canal repaired.

This leader personally led troops into Dai Viet after its Trần Dynasty was usurped by the popular general, Hồ Quý Ly [].

This ruler dispatched the general Zhang Fu to conquer the Hồ dynasty, leading to the annexation of Vietnam as Jiaozhi Province.

Third Ming emperor, who employed that explorer, built that complex, and repaired that structure.

Before this ruler executed Fang Xiaoru, Fang replied, “Never mind nine!

This future emperor gained favor after winning a poetry contest in which he completed the line “wind blows the horse's tail into a thousand strands of thread,” with the line, “sun reflects off the dragons' scales into ten thousand bits of gold.” This emperor feigned mental illness while plotting to take over the Jianwen Emperor, and this ruler ordered a costly attack against the Tatar king Arughtai.

After his death, his son defeated Jianwen to become the Yongle emperor.

He took power by using fire ships to win the Battle of Lake Poyang.

This man stopped massacres after a lightning bolt hit his palace in 1380 and he created the office of Grand Secretary.

An advisor for this man, Liu Bowen, created the Fire Drake Manual.

This ruler wrote a 100 word baizizan in praise of Muhammed.

This ruler outlined principles for “adhering to austerity” and “watchfulness in government affairs” in a document he distributed to his court called “Record of the Ancestor’s Instructions.” One of his generals was forced to commit suicide by eating a large amount of goose, to which he was allergic. This ruler praised Muhammad as “the most noble sage” in his Hundred Word Eulogy.

This man’s government developed the Fish Scale record system to combat corruption, and he granted tax exemptions to farmers who managed to cultivate fallow land.

This ruler instituted the “Fish-scale books” and authored a praise for Islam in a one-hundred character long “eulogy,” and this ruler’s wife Empress Ma had Islamic ancestry.

This ruler centralized power by appointing six Grand Secretaries who effectively controlled all written communications between him and the outside world.

The Ming dynasty was founded by this former peasant, Red Turban and disciple of Kuo tzu-Hsing. He instituted the Fish Scale Records method of taxation.

This man was saved by Fan Kuai, who prevented a sword dancer from assassinating this man during the Feast at Hong Gate.

At the advice of Lou Jing, this man initiated the “heqin” [he-chin] policy of alliance marriages; that secured peace with the Xiongnu [shong-nu] after losing to them at Baideng.

When a rival threatened to turn this ruler’s father into soup, this ruler replied “don’t forget to give me a bowl of broth.” After crushing rebels, this ruler wrote a three-stanza poem that asks “will fierce warriors guard the four corners?” after starting “the mighty wind blows, scattering the clouds.” According to legend, an old woman turned to blue smoke in front of this ruler after he beheaded a white snake, foreshadowing his reign.

When this man’s rival captured his father, he allegedly responded that they had been sworn brothers in the service of the late king, so “my father is your father – if you decide to boil him, let me have a basin of the broth.” He forced his favorite male lover, Chi Ju, to wear makeup and was foiled in an attempt to name him successor.

Early in his reign, he per-sonally led armies through the snow to Pingcheng in order to fght the Battle of Baideng, but his loss there forced him to agree to the “heqin” agreement, which set up a marriage alliance with Modu Chanyu.

10. Identify the following about the Han dynasty FTPE.It was founded by this guerilla warrior from the Hue River Valley who abolished the draconian laws of his predecessor Shi Huang Di and set up his capital at Chang’an.

Given the title “Duke of Pe’i” early in life upon returning to his hometown, he was relegated to a distant province by his earlier mentioned rival, Hsiang Yu, whose suicide allowed this man to take the throne.

The Han dynasty was founded by this emperor, who began the heqin policy of marrying imperial princesses to the Xiongnu. This man came to power after defeating Xiang Yu in the Chu-Han contention.

The historian Ssu-ma Ch'ien related how this man hated scholars, going so far as to take the hat of any Confucian who visited him to piss in it.

This man, who had seventy-six lucky moles on his left thigh, was commemorated by an empty seat placed under a lavish canopy in one of his capitals.

Name this monarch who established the Zhou dynasty in 690 CE after the death of Gaozong.

An old woman threatened to haunt this monarch as a reincarnated cat, which caused this monarch to remove all cats from the capital.

In order to be recognized as the Maitreya, this political leader created a version of the Great Cloud Sutra. :Name this founder of China’s Southern, or Second, Zhou dynasty after the demotion of Ruizong .

Xuanzong was a descendant of this empress, who ruled in her own name from 690-705 CE. She first came to the court as a concubine of Emperor Taizong.

Manuals on torture were compiled by this ruler’s secret police under the order of Lai Junchen, who was executed after falsely implicating the crown prince.

This patron of Buddhism constructed a Dayun Temple in every province upon ascending the throne.

This founder of the Zhou Dynasty served as regent for the Emperors Zhongzhong and Ruizhong, her sons.

This figure claimed to be an incarnation of Maitreya to secure rule.

Note to moderator: Read answerlines carefully. This ruler’s relative Zōng Qínkè created a new set of characters to better reflect the philosophical stance of their regime. :Name this ruler. Influence from this ruler’s counsellor Huáiyì and a supposedly 350-year-old hermit may have encouraged this only female Chinese emperor to represent herself as Maitreya Buddha.

While holding the cairen, or fifth-rank, this figure led the royal entourage in its first participation in the Mount Tai sacrifices, an act made possible by a successful counter-coup that embroiled Li Zhong and the father of Shangguan Wan'er, this ruler's facially-tattooed adviser.

This emperor’s prime minister, Gongsun Hong [[GOHNG-swuhn HOHNG]], persuaded him to create the first imperial university with five teachers and 50 students.

This man brought an end to Xiongnu raids after winning the Battle of Mobei, marking a departure from Liu Bang’s “heqin” strategy of marriage alliances.

This emperor closed Chang'an [[chahng-AHN]] to search for evil sorcerers, an initiative that involved this emperor executing 300 people, including his own daughter.

The Imperial University was constructed under this man after decreeing Confucianism the state philosophy of Han.

An envoy who travelled to Bactria before reporting back to this emperor was Zhang Qian [].

This man kicked freeloading nobles out of his capital as part of his Jianyuan Reforms.

[note to moderator: it is very important that you not say the answer to the second part of the bonus when telling players what the first part’s answer is] This man tried to convince Emperor Ai not to give his male lover Dong too much power. :Name this long-reigning Chinese emperor of the second and first centuries CE, who set up a strong Confucianist state and ordered China’s first census.

This ruler’s reign was the golden age of a poetic form practiced by Mei Sheng called the “great fu.” This ruler’s minister Jiang Chong accused his heir apparent of witchcraft, triggering a bizarre sequence of events that ended in the tragic rebellion and suicide by hanging of Prince Ju.

While serving this emperor, Dong Zhongshu first established Confucianism as state doctrine for China. :Name this emperor of the 2nd century BCE. He sent out expeditions to retrieve blood-sweating "heavenly horses" from the Fergana valley and to fight the Xiongnu to his north.

This ruler’s shi reflects an aggressive foreign policy including punitive raids on the Xiongnu and subjugation of lands out to the Fergana Valley, the latter undertaken at least in part to obtain auspicious “blood-sweating” horses. :Name this Chinese emperor.

His plotting caused Emperor Cheng’s execution of Chunyu Zhang and allowed him to serve as commander of the armed forces.

This man revived a land allotment method in which the center of a nine-plot arrangement of land was worked for the landowner while the outer sections were worked for the benefit of the serfs.

In a likely attempt at absolving himself if his plans failed, this man hid a petition in which he claimed he would offer his life up for a boy.

Flooding exacerbated tensions between this man's government and the peasantry, leading a faction called the Chìméi [[chee-MAY]] to oppose him.

This leader banned land sales in addition to reinstating the aforementioned well field system.

Afterwards, ten people died fighting over the corpse of this ruler, whose skull was painted and kept preserved for centuries until a palace fire in 270 C.E. This ruler caused economic panic by introducing 28 different new currencies, replacing round coins with ones shaped like knives and spades.

After the empire ran through a few more emperors, mostly infants, this usurper seized power. He imposed a new system of weights and measures and founded the Xin Dynasty, which fell to rebels after a flood of the Yellow River.

This ruler was overthrown by the Red Eyebrows Rebellion following a massive flood. :Name this ruler who seized power, founded his own dynasty, and implemented a wide-ranging standardization program after a dynastic crisis created by Emperor Ai’s homosexuality.

This figure was given an albino chicken that he used to gain the title Duke of Anhan, and in the century following his death treasure hunters roamed the countryside seeking the ample rewards for locating various fragments of his corpse.

This emperor was criticized by Hu Shih for taxing artisans despite a heavier tax having been earlier imposed by Emperor Wu. :Identify this interloper and sole ruler of the Xin Dynasty from 9 to 23 CE.

This ruler's general Shi Lang conquered the Tungning Kingdom following the Battle of Penghu, ending the rule of the House of Koxinga [[kok-SING-ah]].

This ruler led his armies to defeat Galdan Boshugtu Khan at the Battle of Jao Modo.

This man’s grandmother ruled as Grand Empress Dowager Zhaosheng.

The Quan Tangshi was published under this man’s name, who also had a namesake dictionary.

This emperor’s father was criticized for excessive devotion to the Empress Xiaoxian [shao-sheahn] and for establishing the eunuch-led Thirteen Offices.

After this man ended the Sea Ban, immigration to the south caused the Hakka-Punti Clan Wars.

The Complete Tang Poems were written under this emperor’s rule, as was a dictionary ordered by 214 radicals.

A group of bodyguards led by Oboi ruled this man’s minority.

This man had the essayist Dai Mingshi executed for treason, though he attempted to co-opt other dissident scholars by holding the special boxue hongci examination, which Gu Yanwu notably refused to take.

Dykstra erroneously gives the Yongzheng Emperor credit for introducing triennial audits, but they existed 50 years earlier under this Qing emperor. This emperor suppressed the Revolt of the Three Feudatories in the 1680s.